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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=730:_Circuit_Diagram&amp;diff=149114</id>
		<title>730: Circuit Diagram</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=730:_Circuit_Diagram&amp;diff=149114"/>
				<updated>2017-12-12T17:11:53Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 730&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = April 21, 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Circuit Diagram&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = circuit_diagram.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I just caught myself idly trying to work out what that resistor mass would actually be, and realized I had self-nerd-sniped.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
Another fine example of [[356|nerd sniping]].&lt;br /&gt;
There are pieces of circuit diagrams, road maps, chemical diagrams, and other things all mixed in.&lt;br /&gt;
Explanations for each below!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable table-padding left-align&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Image Fragment&lt;br /&gt;
!width=&amp;quot;130px&amp;quot; | Image Location&lt;br /&gt;
!Description&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=19|Y=25|W=106|H=37|image=circuit_diagram-019-025-106-037-scale.png|text=A map scale. Lists kilometers and miles as equivalent. And makes the diagram many miles wide.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=15|Y=62|W=40|H=85|image=circuit_diagram-015-062-040-085-antenna.png|text=An antenna. Typical of radio receivers or transmitters. Or the Turtle in LOGO programming language}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=53|Y=60|W=41|H=87|image=circuit_diagram-053-060-041-087-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor. Normal, but unlabeled.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=107|Y=86|W=85|H=93|image=circuit_diagram-107-086-085-093-cloverleaf.png|text=A {{w|cloverleaf interchange}} or junction is a feature of road networks that does not belong in a circuit diagram. Of course, other types of {{w|p–n junction|junction}} are important in electronics. &lt;br /&gt;
A cloverleaf junction has previously been used in comic: [[253: Highway Engineer Pranks]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=184|Y=12|W=87|H=63|image=circuit_diagram-184-012-087-063-battery.png|text=A battery. The voltage of square root of two is strange, but getting about 1.41412... volts is not unheard of. This could also indicate an [[wikipedia:Root_mean_square|RMS]] voltage, although this is unlikely given that this is a DC power supply and not an AC generator. The marked polarity is also the reverse of what is implied by the symbol (where the larger terminal is positive). A possible reference to [[567: Urgent Mission]].}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=187|Y=110|W=94|H=71|image=circuit_diagram-187-110-094-071-resister.png|text=A 120 ohm resistor is normal enough. &amp;quot;Or to taste&amp;quot; is odd for a circuit diagram and more like instructions from a recipe, e.g., &amp;quot;1 tbsp tomato purée, or to taste&amp;quot;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=283|Y=50|W=90|H=63|image=circuit_diagram-283-050-090-063-switch.png|text=A normal switch, with a notation to glue it open. Reminiscent of the [http://catb.org/esr/jargon/html/magic-story.html MAGIC/MORE MAGIC] switch.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=337|Y=101|W=69|H=64|image=circuit_diagram-337-101-069-064-transisitor.png|text=A bipolar PNP transistor, except that it has two emitters and no collector. It also resembles one of the schematic symbols for a {{w|DIAC}}, except the arrows are backwards.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=52|Y=141|W=79|H=107|image=circuit_diagram-052-141-079-107-compass-points.png|text=Compass points. A map feature, not a circuit feature.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=415|Y=18|W=63|H=58|image=circuit_diagram-415-018-063-058-resister.png|text=A normal resistor, labeled with color code. Brown-Blue-Orange would be 16000 ohms. Resistor color codes are for reading the value on the physical device itself. They would not normally be shown on the circuit diagram, where it's much easier to just write the number, e.g. 16K.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=517|Y=14|W=42|H=32|image=circuit_diagram-517-014-042-032-diode.png|text=A normal diode.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=615|Y=55|W=73|H=74|image=circuit_diagram-615-055-073-074-666timer.png|text=A chip. The normal timer is a &amp;quot;{{w|555_timer_IC|555}}&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;666&amp;quot; would be the number of the beast in [http://www.blueletterbible.org/Bible.cfm?b=Rev&amp;amp;c=13&amp;amp;v=18&amp;amp;t=KJV#18 Rev. 13:18]. The pin connected to &amp;quot;?&amp;quot; is the CTRL pin on a normal 555 timer, which would typically be connected to ground (via a decoupling capacitor) if used at all; the implication here seems to be that it would be connected directly to Hell itself.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=632|Y=138|W=69|H=41|image=circuit_diagram-632-138-069-041-bat.png|text=A Batman logo.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=650|Y=211|W=75|H=71|image=circuit_diagram-650-211-075-071-squirrel.png|text=A squirrel, or perhaps a wire bent into the shape of a squirrel. What it does as a circuit element is unclear. If it is a squirrel, it would be an unhelpful addition to the circuit, as squirrels are not conductive{{Citation needed}} and this one would need to be several miles long according to the scale. Squirrels have also appeared in past and future xkcd comics.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=606|Y=165|W=54|H=53|image=circuit_diagram-606-165-054-053-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor, or a spring symbol in Physics force diagrams, probably the latter as it is labeled with an 11-kilogram mass.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=538|Y=209|W=99|H=59|image=circuit_diagram-538-209-099-059-generator.png|text=A 240-volt AC generator (or other power source).}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=483|Y=186|W=111|H=103|image=circuit_diagram-483-186-111-103-shorted-generator.png|text=A shorting wire around a generator. The label reads &amp;quot;Omit this if you're a '''wimp.'''&amp;quot; If this wire is included, it will quickly melt - or worse.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=419|Y=78|W=57|H=75|image=circuit_diagram-419-078-057-075-scarab-beetles.png|text=A jar of {{w|Scarabaeidae|scarab beetles}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=482|Y=47|W=28|H=44|image=circuit_diagram-482-047-028-044-variable-resister.png|text=A variable resistor with center tap. Normally, there would be an arrowhead on the center tap.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=507|Y=53|W=22|H=27|image=circuit_diagram-507-053-022-027-capacitor.png|text=A normal capacitor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=577|Y=318|W=96|H=62|image=circuit_diagram-577-318-096-062-magic.png|text=&amp;quot;{{w|Magic Smoke}}&amp;quot; is the legendary stuff that all circuit components require to function. This is why all components cease to function after releasing smoke. }}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=669|Y=315|W=51|H=66|image=circuit_diagram-669-315-051-066-frayed-wires.png|text=Some frayed or dangling wires.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=567|Y=392|W=58|H=48|image=circuit_diagram-567-392-058-048-buoy.png|text=An object which is either a float used in fishing, a {{w|Tippe top}}, or perhaps a {{w|Naval mine|mine}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=458|Y=336|W=111|H=86|image=circuit_diagram-458-336-111-086-moral-rectifier.png|text=A {{w|Diode_bridge|bridge rectifier}}, which would normally turn alternating current at the top and bottom into direct current on the left and right. In this case, it is labeled as a &amp;quot;moral rectifier&amp;quot;. This is presumably a play on the idea of moral rectitude – it makes your circuit more moral. Why this matters in a circuit is unclear.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=423|Y=259|W=80|H=85|image=circuit_diagram-423-259-080-085-warm-front.png|text=This resembles both the schematic symbol for part of a transformer and the meteorological symbol for a warm front.  A {{w|warm front}} is a feature on a {{w|Surface weather analysis|synoptic weather map}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=190|Y=199|W=54|H=52|image=circuit_diagram-190-199-054-052-battery.png|text=A normal 50-volt battery.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=173|Y=200|W=89|H=56|image=circuit_diagram-173-200-089-056-shorted-battery.png|text=A battery is grounded on both sides. Something will melt or burn out quickly, unless these are separate &amp;quot;earth ground&amp;quot;s, in which case the ground might get a bit cooked.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=259|Y=198|W=174|H=25|image=circuit_diagram-259-198-174-025-pull-wire.png|text=Text reads &amp;quot;Pull this wire really tight&amp;quot;. This kind of physical-property issue may indicate a high-frequency radio device.  Or, given the absurdity of the context, it's a silly reference to a &amp;quot;high tension wire.&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=141|Y=211|W=41|H=91|image=circuit_diagram-141-211-041-091-3-8-inch.png|text=A specified 3/8-inch separation. This probably indicates a carefully controlled capacitance issue. Also contradicts the scale of the drawing, by which the distance shown would be about 0.8 miles or 0.8 km.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=173|Y=309|W=92|H=59|image=circuit_diagram-173-309-092-059-eel.png|text=An {{w|electric eel}}.  This may be an effective power source in the circuit, capable of producing a shock at up to 600 volts and 1 ampere of current (600 watts), but for less than 2 ms.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=266|Y=307|W=35|H=41|image=circuit_diagram-266-307-035-041-resistor.png|text=A normal resistor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=222|Y=358|W=34|H=29|image=circuit_diagram-222-358-034-029-capacitor.png|text=A normal capacitor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=130|Y=335|W=44|H=40|image=circuit_diagram-130-335-044-040-resistor.png|text=A normal resistor, labeled &amp;quot;&amp;amp;euml;&amp;quot;.  This may be a play on {{w|e (mathematical constant)|Euler's Number}}, which doesn't normally have a {{w|tréma}} or an {{w|umlaut (linguistics)|umlaut}}. Alternatively instead of being an umlaut or tréma it may indicate the second {{w|derivative}} of e with respect to time in {{w|Newton's notation}}, in which case, as e is a constant, the resistance of this element is zero.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=65|Y=249|W=61|H=92|image=circuit_diagram-065-249-061-092-blender.png|text=Our best guess is that this is a blender.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=20|Y=342|W=115|H=73|image=circuit_diagram-020-342-115-073-arduino.png|text=An {{w|arduino}}, labeled &amp;quot;Arduino, just for blog cred&amp;quot;. May refer to the fact that inexpensive, easy-to-integrate single-board computers like the arduino, which have contributed to the rise of {{w|Maker_culture}}, are used and discussed frequently in that culture, and the use of one might impress readers.  The comment implies that an arduino is not otherwise needed in this circuit, although it is necessarily hard to tell, given the other components of the circuit.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=39|Y=423|W=118|H=82|image=circuit_diagram-039-423-118-082-meca.png|text=A chip labeled &amp;quot;Most expensive chip available&amp;quot;. The small curve at the top is a part of the packaging designed to show its orientation.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=159|Y=428|W=91|H=50|image=circuit_diagram-159-428-091-050-neck-strap.png|text=Labeled &amp;quot;Neck Strap&amp;quot;. Perhaps a piece of torture equipment or indicating that the circuit is part of an {{w|electric chair}}?  May also be a reference to the grounded wrist straps people working with electronics commonly wear, to prevent accidental static discharges from frying the circuitry.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=147|Y=480|W=110|H=88|image=circuit_diagram-147-480-110-088-switch.png|text=A switch labeled &amp;quot;Hire someone to open and close switch real fast.&amp;quot; Possibly meant to perform the function of an oscillator in a more hackish manner and the reason for the neck strap. Could also be a reference to {{w|Maxwell's Demon}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=273|Y=498|W=61|H=64|image=circuit_diagram-273-498-061-064-resistor.png|text=A 5 ohm resistor labeled &amp;quot;(decoy)&amp;quot;. One end is not attached to anything. Perhaps this indicates wishful thinking that electrons might be tricked into entering this part of the circuit despite the fact that there's nowhere for them to go?}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=307|Y=453|W=103|H=56|image=circuit_diagram-307-453-103-056-tongue.png|text=A pair of contacts, labeled &amp;quot;Touch Tongue Here&amp;quot;.  Could be referring to the practice of daring someone to touch their tongue to the contacts of a 9V battery.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=301|Y=270|W=45|H=45|image=circuit_diagram-301-270-045-045-frown.png|text=A frowny-face. See the float/mine.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=294|Y=311|W=128|H=124|image=circuit_diagram-294-311-128-124-IC.png|text=A small integrated circuit. The lower gate is an inverter, wired as a free-running oscillator. The upper gate is an XOR wired to act as either a free-running oscillator or a latch. Since the XOR will be slower than the inverter, the overall output of the upper gate is probably very chaotic. Two &amp;quot;input&amp;quot; wires are not connected at all. An additional wire is attached to the top with hot glue. This last wire probably acts to control static electricity and leakage.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=302|Y=235|W=91|H=25|image=circuit_diagram-302-235-091-025-curve.png|text=A caution sign at a curve. Another road feature in the circuit.  This is a play on the notion that 90-degree corners on printed circuit board traces can disrupt signal integrity.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=401|Y=455|W=67|H=68|image=circuit_diagram-401-455-067-068-CH3.png|text=A {{w|methyl group}} (chemistry) attached to a corner. If the circuit were an organic chemical, it would be reasonable to find a number of these.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=453|Y=167|W=43|H=93|image=circuit_diagram-453-167-043-093-baloon.png|text=A balloon, possibly blowing in a breeze.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=572|Y=68|W=22|H=43|image=circuit_diagram-572-068-022-043-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=508|Y=96|W=42|H=20|image=circuit_diagram-508-096-042-020-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=534|Y=61|W=22|H=31|image=circuit_diagram-534-061-022-031-ground.png|text=A ground connection.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=472|Y=49|W=134|H=140|image=circuit_diagram-472-049-134-140-solderr-blob.png|text=A solder blob covering a portion of the circuit. Normally, this would not be part of the circuit diagram, but a mistake in building the circuit.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=493|Y=443|W=207|H=158|image=circuit_diagram-493-443-207-158-res-rats-nest.png|text=A rats nest of 1 ohm resistors. It is labeled &amp;quot;Oh, so you think you're such a whiz at EE201?&amp;quot; The name EE201 (Electrical Engineering 201) follows US course naming conventions for what appears to be a basic level course in electrical engineering (compare the term {{w|101 (term)|101}}), which would include being taught how to [http://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Series-and-Parallel-Resistance calculate the effective resistance of various resistor networks]. Performing the calculation on a network this complex would probably be extremely difficult. It appears to work out to 0.75800964845 ohms.&lt;br /&gt;
A grid of 1 ohm resistors has appeared earlier in [[356: Nerd Sniping]], a comic also referred to in the title text.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=315|Y=533|W=232|H=200|image=circuit_diagram-362-531-151-167-arena.png|text=An arena, with a few bodies in it. Note the direction of movement enforced by the surrounding diodes, {{w|Mad_Max_Beyond_Thunderdome|&amp;quot;two men enter, one man leaves&amp;quot;}}, a film reference.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=569|Y=653|W=47|H=51|image=circuit_diagram-569-653-047-051-resistor.png|text=A &amp;quot;{{w|pi}}&amp;quot; ohm resistor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=610|Y=655|W=75|H=70|image=circuit_diagram-610-655-075-070-generator.png|text=A 500-volt AC generator. The wiring to the right shorts out this generator.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=481|Y=682|W=85|H=64|image=circuit_diagram-481-682-085-064-ground.png|text=A ground connection, labeled &amp;quot;Bury deep, but not too deep&amp;quot;. This type of ground connection is called an &amp;quot;earth ground&amp;quot; The &amp;quot;too deep&amp;quot; part might be a reference to {{w|Moria (Middle-earth)|Moria}} in Lord of Rings. The dwarves dug too deeply and disturbed a balrog. See also comic [[760]].}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=17|Y=610|W=75|H=73|image=circuit_diagram-017-610-075-073-fishhook.png|text=A ground connection at the end of a curve, looking like a fishhook. Means perhaps &amp;quot;earthed down under&amp;quot;, i.e., Australia or the southern hemisphere.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=206|Y=662|W=66|H=45|image=circuit_diagram-206-662-066-045-yarn.png|text=A length of &amp;quot;wire&amp;quot; is labeled &amp;quot;yarn&amp;quot;. This probably makes it a terrible conductor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=102|Y=590|W=93|H=88|image=circuit_diagram-102-590-093-088-fluxcapacitor.png|text=The {{w|DeLorean time machine#Flux capacitor|flux capacitor}} from {{w|Back to the Future}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=138|Y=685|W=54|H=24|image=circuit_diagram-138-685-054-024-I95.png|text=A road sign for &amp;quot;I-95&amp;quot;. Interstate 95 is the main north-south highway on the east coast of the United States, running from Maine to Florida.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=12|Y=713|W=134|H=36|image=circuit_diagram-012-713-134-036-tothesun.png|text=A connection labeled &amp;quot;To center of Sun&amp;quot;. A 93-million-mile or 150-million-km circuit is rather large, but...}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=31|Y=753|W=144|H=177|image=circuit_diagram-031-753-144-177-rats-nest.png|text=A rat's nest of wires. Everything winds up being connected. May also be a parody diagram of an [http://i.stack.imgur.com/np2p9.png undirected graph], from graph theory.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=22|Y=513|W=97|H=61|image=circuit_diagram-022-513-097-061-esf.png|text=A label reading &amp;quot;Electrons Single File&amp;quot;. If this happens, the resistance in this section of wire would be rather high.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=256|Y=619|W=29|H=39|image=circuit_diagram-256-619-029-039-ground.png|text=A ground connection.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=589|Y=600|W=58|H=46|image=circuit_diagram-589-600-058-046-vibrator.png|text=A vibrator, which would be a motor with an off-center weight attached to it.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=532|Y=779|W=74|H=52|image=circuit_diagram-532-779-074-052-motor.png|text=A motor, labeled &amp;quot;To Scale&amp;quot;. This indicates that the physical size and shape of the motor must match the size of the parts around it, or is consistent with the specified scale of the drawing. }}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=662|Y=822|W=73|H=109|image=circuit_diagram-662-822-073-109-holy-ground.png|text=A ground connection, in a beaker labeled &amp;quot;{{w|Holy Water}}&amp;quot;, possibly creating {{w|Holy ground (religion)|holy ground}}.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=197|Y=740|W=48|H=55|image=circuit_diagram-197-740-048-055-speed.png|text=A sign indicating a speed limit of 55 MPH. This is a rather typical road sign, but inappropriate for a circuit diagram.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=238|Y=706|W=100|H=116|image=circuit_diagram-238-706-100-116-flipflop.png|text=A pair of NOR gates wired as a SR (set-reset) {{w|Flip-flop (electronics)|flip-flop}}. The label reads &amp;quot;May use an actual sandal instead&amp;quot;, which is a play on the meanings of the term &amp;quot;{{w|Flip-flops|flip-flop}}&amp;quot;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=322|Y=708|W=70|H=54|image=circuit_diagram-322-708-070-054-holdingpen.png|text=Something that could be the side view of a fence, labeled &amp;quot;Holding Pen&amp;quot;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=339|Y=777|W=42|H=49|image=circuit_diagram-339-777-042-049-knot.png|text=A simple overhand knot. Also looks like a pretzel, which would have pretty high resistance.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=191|Y=889|W=149|H=33|image=circuit_diagram-191-889-149-033-ecg.png|text=This appears to be an {{w|Electrocardiography|electrocardiograph}} (ECG) trace, but not the sort that would be seen in a healthy person. If this were a real ECG trace, the absence of large, clear {{w|P wave (electrocardiography)|P waves}} might indicate {{w|Atrial Fibrillation|fine atrial fibrillation}}, but in some recording configurations, P waves are sometimes lost in the noise anyway. Additionally, without a time scale to tell us the ventricular heart rate, it is impossible to make a strong educated diagnosis of any hypothetical disease at all. If we assume it is atrial fibrillation, is not clear if Randall intended this, or if he is just not familiar with how a normal ECG should look. Lastly, it does not appear that this is an actual ECG machine, but simply a bent wire, much like the &amp;quot;Not a resistor&amp;quot; label nearby.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=223|Y=826|W=82|H=68|image=circuit_diagram-223-826-082-068-photodiode.png|text=A photodiode, labeled &amp;quot;Tear Collector&amp;quot;. A photodiode is a light-sensing device.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=373|Y=859|W=49|H=68|image=circuit_diagram-373-859-049-068-lamp.png|text=A lamp. This is not [http://electronicsclub.info/circuitsymbols.htm the symbol used in electrical circuits], but a drawing of a lightbulb.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=450|Y=887|W=65|H=32|image=circuit_diagram-450-887-065-032-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=537|Y=847|W=120|H=72|image=circuit_diagram-537-847-120-072-inductor.png|text=A coil or inductor, labeled &amp;quot;Take off shirt while wiring this part. Ooh, yeah, I like that.&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=504|Y=860|W=34|H=41|image=circuit_diagram-504-860-034-041-resistor.png|text=A resistor labeled &amp;quot;?&amp;quot;. Presumably this means the resistance is unknown.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=459|Y=828|W=55|H=38|image=circuit_diagram-459-828-055-038-resistor.png|text=A resistor labeled &amp;quot;YES&amp;quot;. Likely another improper unit - a reference to boolean values YES (TRUE) and NO (FALSE). Depending on the limits of a circuit, a resistor would still have a YES boolean value. Possibly indicating that this is a real resistor, as opposed to the one above it in the circuit, labeled &amp;quot;not a resistor.&amp;quot;}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=389|Y=774|W=58|H=53|image=circuit_diagram-389-774-058-053-resistor.png|text=A resistor labeled &amp;quot;8 mm&amp;quot;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=443|Y=747|W=93|H=84|image=circuit_diagram-443-747-093-084-resistor.png|text=A resistor labeled &amp;quot;Not a resistor; wire just does this&amp;quot;. Apparently the wire is or must be physically bent into a zig-zag shape, which would not serve much useful purpose in a low frequency or DC circuit, or perhaps it reflects the fact that any wire has a certain (small) amount of resistance just by being a wire. In a {{w|Radio frequency|high frequency circuit}} this can be actually useful, as the shape and length of the {{w|Transmission line|transmission line}} alters the {{w|Electrical impedance|impedance}} of the line. ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phaseshifter2.png Example])}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{circuit-diagram-part|X=415|Y=863|W=82|H=24|image=circuit_diagram-415-863-082-024-unsure.png|text=A symbol for a feedthrough capacitor, labeled &amp;quot;3 Liters&amp;quot;. Probable word-play on &amp;quot;capacity/capacitor.&amp;quot; Also similar to the symbol for an orifice or flow restriction used on plumbing or hydraulic diagrams, in which case the &amp;quot;3 Liters&amp;quot; might mean 3 liters per minute or per second.}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:See table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*This is one of the [[:Category:Footer comics|five footer comics]] linked at the bottom part of the {{xkcd}} website.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Footer comics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Squirrels]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99105</id>
		<title>1560: Bubblegum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99105"/>
				<updated>2015-08-05T05:30:41Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1560&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = August 5, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Bubblegum&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = bubblegum.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I came here to chew bubblegum and say no more than eighteen words ... and I'm all out of&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|First draft.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic spoofs the iconic line from the action movie &amp;quot;{{w|They Live}}&amp;quot;, where the armed protagonist, upon entering a bank, states that &amp;quot;I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass, and I am all out of bubble gum.&amp;quot; This implies that the protagonist will soon fight the inhabitants of the bank, as he cannot do the other objective he came there for (chewing bubble gum). It is worth noting that this quote is often mistakenly believed to have originated as a quote from the main character in the video game {{w|Duke Nukem 3D}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Former wrestler Rowdy {{w|Roddy Piper}}, who played the protagonist in &amp;quot;They Live,&amp;quot; recently died. This comic is a tribute to him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the comic, [[Beret Guy]] stands in the open doorway with a strong light behind him, a typical pose in action movies when someone is dramatically entering somewhere. However, in this instance, Beret Guy claims that he is here to &amp;quot;chew bubble gum and make friends&amp;quot;. He then offers a stick of gum to both [[Megan]] and [[Cueball]], making it clear he intends to do both of his stated objectives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is another variation of the line, with meta-humor. The speaker states that he is here to say 18 words and chew bubble gum, but reaches 18 words before he is able to finish his sentence. Thus, readers are left in ambiguity as to whether or not he is also out of bubble gum, as the line could either end &amp;quot;and I'm all out of words&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;and I'm all out of both&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
:[Beret Guy is standing in a doorway.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: I came here to chew bubblegum and make friends!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Inside the room Beret Guy entered]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Want some gum?&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99104</id>
		<title>1560: Bubblegum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99104"/>
				<updated>2015-08-05T05:25:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1560&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = August 5, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Bubblegum&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = bubblegum.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I came here to chew bubblegum and say no more than eighteen words ... and I'm all out of&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|First draft.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic spoofs the iconic line from the action movie &amp;quot;They Live&amp;quot;, where the armed protagonist, upon entering a bank, states that &amp;quot;I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass, and I am all out of bubble gum.&amp;quot; This implies that the protagonist will soon fight the inhabitants of the bank, as he cannot do the other objective he came there for (chewing bubble gum). It is worth noting that this quote is often mistakenly believed to have originated as a quote from the main character in the video game Duke Nukem 3D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Former wrestler Rowdy Roddy Piper, who played the protagonist in &amp;quot;They Live,&amp;quot; recently died. This comic is a tribute to him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the comic, [[Beret Guy]] stands in the open doorway with a strong light behind him, a typical pose in action movies when someone is dramatically entering somewhere. However, in this instance, Beret Guy claims that he is here to &amp;quot;chew bubble gum and make friends&amp;quot;. He then offers a stick of gum to both [[Megan]] and [[Cueball]], making it clear he intends to do both of his stated objectives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is another variation of the line, with meta-humor. The speaker states that he is here to say 18 words and chew bubble gum, but reaches 18 words before he is able to finish his sentence. Thus, readers are left in ambiguity as to whether or not he is also out of bubble gum, as the line could either end &amp;quot;and I'm all out of words&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;and I'm all out of both&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
:[Beret Guy is standing in a doorway.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: I came here to chew bubblegum and make friends!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Inside the room Beret Guy entered]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Want some gum?&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99103</id>
		<title>1560: Bubblegum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99103"/>
				<updated>2015-08-05T05:23:42Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1560&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = August 5, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Bubblegum&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = bubblegum.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I came here to chew bubblegum and say no more than eighteen words ... and I'm all out of&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|First draft.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic spoofs the iconic line from the action movie &amp;quot;They Live&amp;quot;, where the armed protagonist, upon entering a bank, states that &amp;quot;I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass, and I am all out of bubble gum.&amp;quot; This implies that the protagonist will soon fight the inhabitants of the bank, as he cannot do the other objective he came there for (chewing bubble gum). It is worth noting that this quote is often mistakenly believed to have originated as a quote from the main character in the video game Duke Nukem 3D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Former wrestler Rowdy Roddy Piper, who played the protagonist in &amp;quot;They Live,&amp;quot; recently died. This comic is a tribute to him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the comic, [[Beret Guy]] stands in the open doorway with a strong light behind him, a typical pose in action movies when someone is dramatically entering somewhere. However, in this instance, Beret Guy claims that he is here to &amp;quot;chew bubble gum and make friends&amp;quot;. He then offers a stick of gum to both [[Megan]] and [[Cueball]], making it clear he intends to do both of his stated objectives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is another variation of the line, with meta-humor. The speaker states that he is here to say 18 words and chew bubble gum, but reaches 18 words before he is able to finish his sentence. Thus, readers are left in ambiguity as to whether or not he is also out of bubble gum, as the line could either end &amp;quot;and I'm all out of words&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;and I'm all out of both&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
:[Beret Guy is standing in a doorway.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: &amp;quot;I came here to chew bubblegum and make friends!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Inside the room Beret Guy entered]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Want some gum?&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99102</id>
		<title>1560: Bubblegum</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1560:_Bubblegum&amp;diff=99102"/>
				<updated>2015-08-05T05:21:50Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1560&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = August 5, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Bubblegum&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = bubblegum.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I came here to chew bubblegum and say no more than eighteen words ... and I'm all out of&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|First draft.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic spoofs the iconic line from the action movie &amp;quot;They Live&amp;quot;, where the armed protagonist, upon entering a bank, states that &amp;quot;I have come here to chew bubble gum and kick ass, and I am all out of bubble gum.&amp;quot; This implies that the protagonist will soon fight the inhabitants of the bank, as he cannot do the other objective he came there for (chewing bubble gum). It is worth noting that this quote is often mistakenly believed to have originated as a quote from the main character in the video game Duke Nukem 3D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Former wrestler Rowdy Roddy Piper, who played the protagonist in &amp;quot;They Live,&amp;quot; recently died. This comic is a tribute to him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the comic, Beret Guy stands in the open doorway with a strong light behind him, a typical pose in action movies when someone is dramatically entering somewhere. However, in this instance, Beret Guy claims that he is here to &amp;quot;chew bubble gum and make friends&amp;quot;. He then offers a stick of gum to both Megan and Cueball, making it clear he intends to do both of his stated objectives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text is another variation of the line, with meta-humor. The speaker states that he is here to say 18 words and chew bubble gum, but reaches 18 words before he is able to finish his sentence. Thus, readers are left in ambiguity as to whether or not he is also out of bubble gum, as the line could either end &amp;quot;and I'm all out of words&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;and I'm all out of both&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
:[[[Beret Guy]] is standing in a doorway.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: &amp;quot;I came here to chew bubblegum and make friends!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Inside the room Beret Guy entered]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Want some gum?&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=57:_Wait_For_Me&amp;diff=93478</id>
		<title>57: Wait For Me</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=57:_Wait_For_Me&amp;diff=93478"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T23:38:47Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 57&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = January 31, 2006&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Wait For Me&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = wait_for_me.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Opening dialogue by Scott&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic juxtaposes a familiar exchange with a surreal outcome.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Megan]] is returning after a ''short absence''. [[Cueball]] reacts as if she had been gone for years, and admits to having an affair while waiting. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this Comic a familiar exchange occurs where one person asks the other why they did not wait.  The impossibility for him to cheat within 90 seconds, especially impossible for Cueball to have a son at Megan's age, the rest affair supplies the humor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Scott]] appears to be a friend of [[Randall Munroe]]. Comics 57 through 59 all have the title text ''[[:Category:Opening dialogue by Scott|Opening dialogue by Scott]]'', forming a sort of informal mini-series inspired by him. They are:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[57: Wait For Me]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[58: Why Do You Love Me?]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[59: Graduation]]&lt;br /&gt;
As there already was a comic released on Monday that week, the first of these three were released already on Tuesday, then Wednesday and Friday.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Cueball and Megan stand facing one another.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: Why didn't you wait for me?&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: I thought you were gone forever!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: I said I'd be back in a minute!&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: The... the seconds went fast at first, but then they started to drag on. She was there for me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: You had an affair in the 90 seconds I was gone?!&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: ...yes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: And we had a son.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: He'd be about your age now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Opening dialogue by Scott]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Romance]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Scott]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1127:_Congress&amp;diff=93477</id>
		<title>1127: Congress</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1127:_Congress&amp;diff=93477"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T23:21:13Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* The title text */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1127&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 29, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Congress&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = congress.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = It'd be great if some news network started featuring partisan hack talking heads who were all Federalists and Jacksonians, just to see how long it took us to catch on.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Click the date above the comic to go to the xkcd page, and there is a link to the [http://xkcd.com/1127/large/ much larger version].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
It appears that the (at the time) {{w|United States presidential election, 2012|upcoming 2012 election}} has put [[Randall]] into a political state of mind, as this is the second comic in a few weeks that has dealt with political history ([[1122: Electoral Precedent]]). As with that comic, this comic goes through the entire history of the {{w|Federal government of the United States|U.S. Federal Government}}. Also notably, Randall makes a number of observations that are akin to the type of observations Randall denounces in 1122 (e.g. for 1928, Randall notes that no Republican has since won the presidency without a Nixon or a Bush on the ticket). Just around the election he posted two more comics related to this: [[1130: Poll Watching]] and [[1131: Math]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S. Federal Government===&lt;br /&gt;
In the {{w|Federal government of the United States|U.S. Federal Government}}, one of the {{w|Separation of powers|checks and balances}} is a {{w|bicameralism|bicameral}} {{w|United States Congress}}, which consists of two &amp;quot;houses&amp;quot;: the {{w|United States Senate|Senate}}, its &amp;quot;upper&amp;quot; house; and the {{w|United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives}} (&amp;quot;the House&amp;quot;), its &amp;quot;lower house&amp;quot;. The Senate consists of 2 senators elected from each state (thus 100 total), while the House consists of 435 voting representatives (a number decided upon in {{w|Apportionment Act of 1911|1911}} by law) whose {{w|United States congressional apportionment|apportionment}} is split between the states proportional to their population; although each state gets at least one (the House also has non-voting representatives from unincorporated territories like {{w|Puerto Rico}} and the {{w|District of Columbia}}). Every ten years, the House is reapportioned based on the latest census. The most populous state as of 2012 is California which has 53 seats in the House. Senators serve 6-year terms with elections held every 2 years for one-third of the seats. Members of the House (called Representatives or Congressmen/women) serve 2-year terms with all of the seats contested every 2 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order for a bill to become a law, it must be passed by both the House and the Senate. In a way, this theoretically ensures that the bill is supported both by the majority of states (the Senate), and the majority of the population (the House). The President may then sign the bill into law, he may &amp;quot;veto&amp;quot; the bill, or he may do nothing, in which case it becomes a law if and only if Congress is in session after a waiting period of 10 days (not including Sundays).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Political ideologies===&lt;br /&gt;
In politics, there is a {{w|political spectrum|scale}} that represents the political beliefs of a politician. The scale goes from &amp;quot;{{w|Left-wing politics|left}}&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;{{w|Right-wing politics|right}}&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;center&amp;quot; — which generally describes a balancing point of beliefs (sometimes called &amp;quot;left-wing&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;right-wing&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; is a general belief in social justice, and is sometimes associated with {{w|socialism}}. Modern left-wingers generally prioritize equality, and support policies like welfare and government-subsidized healthcare. This trends toward having a larger federal government. In the U.S., &amp;quot;liberal&amp;quot; is a term often used to denote left-leaning tendencies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;right&amp;quot; generally believe in personal responsibility and individual liberty, which is often termed {{w|conservatism|conservative}}. This trends towards having less regulation and thereby a smaller federal government. The goal is to keep the nation stable, and reducing the interference by the government with a person's wealth. This ostensibly means lower taxes, because the government does not provide as much.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Politicians typically align themselves into groups of similar beliefs and positions called &amp;quot;parties&amp;quot;. In the U.S., there have generally been two dominant parties, although there have been times where three or more parties have shared roughly equal influence and support. In today's politics (which is apparently known as (the second part of) the fifth era of political parties, or {{w|Fifth Party System}}, as noted on the outside edges of the comic) of the two current primary U.S. political parties, the {{w|Democrats}} are the left-leaning party, and the {{w|Republicans}} are the right-leaning party. The dominant parties are generally considered &amp;quot;moderate&amp;quot; in their left- or right-wing leanings, as either party appears to requires the support of a majority (or a few percent under) of voters to win. However, this is complicated by a process called gerrymandering where election boundaries are redrawn to allow a political advantage to the party currently in power. Thus a popular majority state wide or any ratio of votes to representatives will not necessarily be reflected in delegates awarded, an example being the Republicans' REDMAP 2012 report ([http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2013/01/21/16630863-virginia-republicans-move-for-permanent-majority]). Smaller parties often run candidates with more extreme views, but such candidates rarely win, due to a more limited number of possible supporters ensuring that even a relatively large minority would have zero chance of representation. (see {{w|Duverger's law}}).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The comic===&lt;br /&gt;
The comic effectively consists of three separate charts: The left- and right-hand charts are the main charts; they represent the Senate and House respectively, and purport to show the left- and right-wing leanings of each legislature through U.S. history. There is a legend on the right that sets out fairly clearly how the charts work, but basically Randall has split each wing into three levels including the very moderate or &amp;quot;Center&amp;quot; right or left, and the more extreme or &amp;quot;Far&amp;quot; right or left, as well as the average left and right without prefix. A dotted yellow line represents the balance of power in each legislature, and white lines represent the leanings of certain notable people including presidents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some presidents are not indicated, because they were never senators or congressmen (most of these were state Governors, such as {{w|Bill Clinton|Clinton}}, {{w|George W. Bush|Bush}} and 2012 candidate {{w|Mitt Romney}}). As may be noted from the chart, {{w|Barack Obama}} is considered &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; while {{w|Paul Ryan}} is considered &amp;quot;far right&amp;quot;. It's also notable that the &amp;quot;center right&amp;quot; ideology appears to be completely eradicated from the House and is waning in the Senate (although a similar trend is shown around 1900 with the centrists making a comeback thereafter).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On either side of these charts, there are descriptions or explanations for expansions and contractions of each ideological group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The center chart appears to primarily act as a timeline. Each president is listed with their leanings indicated by a left or right arrow. Wars are shaded in grey. Other notable events are also indicated. On either side of the center chart (although somewhat mixed in with the aforementioned Senate/House explanations), there are also references to the primary parties of each era showing how they evolved (left-leaning parties on the left, and right-leaning parties on the right).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, there's a little extra commentary on the right side, below the legend.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The title text===&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to two political parties in American history: the Federalists and the Jacksonians.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that this means the two parties are not strictly contemporaries. There are features of both the modern Republican and Democratic parties in each, so depending on the topic presented, it may take a long time to figure out that they are not these modern parties until the topic of discussion changes. They do, however, make a nice dichotomy. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Federalists are one of the oldest political parties in American History. Federalists where seen as conservative in there time , and similarly to modern republicans much of there support came from bankers and businessmen and they where committed to a fiscally sound and government, but on the flip side they favored a strong central government, regulation of industry, a national banking system, and where protectionistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Jacksonian party is one of the four branches of the Democratic Party that developed during the political chaos after the Federalist party died out in the War of 1812. The Jacksonians where considered liberal for there time, they believed in one man, one vote, regardless of standing, and there mascot was a donkey and they're the ancestor of the modern Democratic Party, but on the flip side they did not want a strong national government and believed that the government should have limited impact in regulated industry, went so far as to end the bank of the United States, and where fiercely expansionistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Network news channels regularly feature {{w|Pundit|talking heads}}, supposed 'experts' who offer their opinion on the topical political stories. Where these talking heads are strongly aligned with a particular party, and are unconcerned with anything other than winning, they could be described as a {{w|Partisan|partisan}} {{w|Political hack| hacks}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
*This transcript is neither only a representation the visible text in the small image or all of the text in the full image.&lt;br /&gt;
*Since there is text visible all over even the small image it would be most relevant to have a full transcript.&lt;br /&gt;
**Or at least make a separate transcript page like for [[980: Money\Transcript]].&lt;br /&gt;
**In the latter case this transcript below should then be reduced to only visible text in small image!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:A history of&lt;br /&gt;
:'''The United States Congress'''&lt;br /&gt;
:Partisan and ideological makeup&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[The comic is divided into three massive sections, SENATE, PRESIDENCIES, and HOUSE. Timelines run backwards down the page between each section. In the HOUSE and SENATE sections, shifting, curving red and blue areas of different brightness illustrate the shifting balance of power between &amp;quot;Members of Left-Leaning Parties&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Members of Right-Leaning Parties&amp;quot;. Under PRESIDENCIES, different administrations are labeled and wars are shaded in gray. There are notes throughout all sections.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[There are additional notes on the right.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:LEGEND&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square containing ribbons of color merging upwards with larger areas]'': Branches join in when new members enter Congress and cause an ideological bloc to grow. (Note: If the new member is elected as another retires from the same ideological bloc, no change is shown.)&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square containing ribbons of color splitting off from larger areas]'': Branches split off when members leave Congress, causing their ideological bloc to shrink. (Note: If the new member is elected as another retires from the same ideological bloc, no change is shown.)&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square showing yellow dotted line crossing from red to blue area]'': The yellow line marks the midpoint, which indicates which side has control of the chamber.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square in which curve briefly separates from blue area]'': If a bloc loses members in one election and gains them in the next, the exiting stream may rejoin. This does not necessarily mean the same people returned.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square showing white dashed line labeled Lyndon Johnson on top of ribbon merging with main area]'': Future (and past) US Presidents who served in Congress are shown with white dashed lines. Other noteworthy members are shown with thin solid lines.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square in which tinted area marked &amp;quot;Whig&amp;quot; sits over mix of red and blue areas]'': Tinted white outlines mark the approximate membership of some of the smaller political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:HOW IDEOLOGY IS CALCULATED&lt;br /&gt;
::Each member of Congress is assigned to an ideological category using DW-NOMINATE, a statistical system created by political scientists Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal. This system rates each member of Congress's ideological position [sic] based on their votes.&lt;br /&gt;
::DW-NOMINATE is purely mathematical and involves no judgement on the content of bills. Instead, members of Congress are placed on a spectrum based on how consistently they vote together.&lt;br /&gt;
::While people argue that ideology is many-dimensional, Poole and Rosenthal found that nearly all Congressional voting behavior - especially in the modern era - can be accurately predicted by using just one ideological variable.&lt;br /&gt;
::This variable turns out to roughly correspond to position on the classic economic liberal/conservative spectrum.&lt;br /&gt;
::Because members of Congress have served in overlapping terms with past members in a chain back to the first Congress, the system allows comparison of ideology across time - even accounting for individual members' ideological drift. (Note: Scores are comparable across time but not between chambers.)&lt;br /&gt;
::For more detail, see Poole and Rosenthal's website, voteview.com.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Here is a OCR'ed transcript. It's pretty accurate, but needs some revision. Here it is: &lt;br /&gt;
A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PARTISAN AND IDEOLOGICAL MAKEUP &lt;br /&gt;
The chart width on each side corresponds to the number of seats held by two groups of parties:7 I Seats held 1;77c=13'&amp;quot;' Seats held by I left-leaning parties right-leaning parties (e.g. Democratic. Green) (e.g. Republican. Constitution) I &lt;br /&gt;
• .T Left L .Lefte.to., Reit (300 to S00,• • Center Left (0 to -300 center', Center Rjght (0 to 300)• &lt;br /&gt;
( &lt;br /&gt;
Color shows the ideological makeup of the two sides based on member DW-NOMINATE SCORES (see below for more) &lt;br /&gt;
SENATE &lt;br /&gt;
Members of Left-Leaning Parties &lt;br /&gt;
In the later years of the Bush Administration, Democrats regained control of the Senate in 2006, and won a larger majority in 2008 during the onset of the financial crisis. &lt;br /&gt;
• PAR , SYS &lt;br /&gt;
FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM &lt;br /&gt;
THIRD PARTY YST &lt;br /&gt;
A recession, combined with Eiesnhower Administration policies unpopular with labor unions, helped Democrats make huge Senate gains in the 1958 midterm election, &lt;br /&gt;
Ronald Reagaris commanding victory over Jimmy Carter helped bring Democratic support ,r Republican Senate candidates. &lt;br /&gt;
Amid Democratic chaos, Republicans gained five Senate seats in 1968 and Nixon narrowly won the presidency. &lt;br /&gt;
Anger over Democratic support for civil rights led to pro-Segregation southerners leaving the Democratic party. &lt;br /&gt;
The series of victories by R000velt's New Deal Coalition led to the most lopsided  &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats elected in FDR's New Deal waves 4 included future president A-HarryTruman and labor 'rer advocate Robert Wagner. &lt;br /&gt;
 191 The w se legislatures.T &lt;br /&gt;
1928 was the last year in which the Republican Party won the White House without a Bush or Nixon on the ticket. &lt;br /&gt;
Teddy R000velt, unhappy with his chosen successor (and apparently bored with not being president anymore) challenged President Taft for the 1912 Republican nomination. &lt;br /&gt;
gow &lt;br /&gt;
The return of Southern partisans who had left to join the Confederacy eventually gave the Democrats the political power to end Reconstruction and put in place segregationist Jim Crow laws. &lt;br /&gt;
The Republicans dominated national politics after the war, with Grover Cleveland 90e only Democrat elected president over a period of more than half a century. &lt;br /&gt;
Republicans gained Senate seats in 1888 from a number of recently-admitted states. &lt;br /&gt;
CIVIL*WAR When the South seceded following &lt;br /&gt;
Nconai UNIONIST &lt;br /&gt;
Lincoln's election, most Southern Senate seats were declared vacant. &lt;br /&gt;
SECOND PARTY YST &lt;br /&gt;
Senator Henry Clay, by skillfully negotiating compromises, is said to have singlehandedly held off the Civil War for 40 years. &lt;br /&gt;
Senator John C. Calhoun, with his fiery arguments that white slaveowners were the real oppressed minority, helped emcee it eventually happened. &lt;br /&gt;
This strange influx of candidates on the right to parties on the left is a sign of the complete collapse of the Federalists. &lt;br /&gt;
JohnTyler was a former Democrat who opposed the Whig platform.When he became Pi-esident after Harris., death, the Whigs revolted, and—without support from either party—he suffered political deadlock. &lt;br /&gt;
DEMOCRATS The Democratic Party was formed by the followers of Andrew Jackson, an outspoken, aggressive populist who got in a lot of duels. &lt;br /&gt;
They fought against elite and business interests and stuck up for the the little guy—as long as the little guy was white.With a natural base among poor southern farmers, the Democrats became the party of slavery. &lt;br /&gt;
The basic contradiction of a party of slaveowners ostensibly standing for egalatarianism would go unresolved until the late 20th century. The 18th Congress w.ta,s,echoaveorwtic.hWeimhaitnghiayddobemcionmanet &lt;br /&gt;
iftPRae tpU jbel iffcea rnssc:rf';:gpmeen'tecdrai tniO four warring factions. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS The Democratic-Republi cans (or &amp;quot;Jefferson ian Republicans&amp;quot;) were the party formed by the anti-administration faction. &lt;br /&gt;
This chart places them provisionally on the left, although since they absorbed many pro-administration figures, their DW-NOMINATE average is very cloo to zero. &lt;br /&gt;
ANTI-ADMINISTRATION The anti-administration faction favored states' rights and farmers, and opposed what they saw as Hamilton's tendencies toward elitism and monarchism. &lt;br /&gt;
PRESIDENCIES Barack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
2006-2004 &lt;br /&gt;
2002-2000 &lt;br /&gt;
1998-1996 &lt;br /&gt;
1994-1992 &lt;br /&gt;
1988 &lt;br /&gt;
1.6 1984 &lt;br /&gt;
1.2 1980 &lt;br /&gt;
1938 1936 &lt;br /&gt;
1 93 1 &lt;br /&gt;
George W. Bush. &lt;br /&gt;
Bill &amp;lt;LINTON &lt;br /&gt;
George H.VV. sewu BUSH. &lt;br /&gt;
Ronald REAGAN. &lt;br /&gt;
Jimmy CARTER Gerald FORD. &lt;br /&gt;
— &lt;br /&gt;
Richard NIXON. &lt;br /&gt;
Lyndon B. JOHNSON &lt;br /&gt;
John F KENNEDY &lt;br /&gt;
Dwight EISENHOWER. &lt;br /&gt;
Harry S •TRUMAN &lt;br /&gt;
Roo.. di...Re &lt;br /&gt;
(ROOSEVELT &lt;br /&gt;
1906 1904 &lt;br /&gt;
190 2 1900 &lt;br /&gt;
1886 1884 &lt;br /&gt;
1 882 1880 &lt;br /&gt;
1866 1864 &lt;br /&gt;
1862 1860 &lt;br /&gt;
Ig8 1856 &lt;br /&gt;
I 806 1804 &lt;br /&gt;
Calvin COOLIDGE. Warren G. HARDING. &lt;br /&gt;
Woodrow _II/11 WILSON &lt;br /&gt;
William Howard TAFT. &lt;br /&gt;
Theodore ROOSEVELT. &lt;br /&gt;
Mc Krt. assassinated &lt;br /&gt;
Benjamin HARRISON. &lt;br /&gt;
Grover CLEVELAND Chester A. ARTHUR' l'adrnesA. GARFIELD•  Rutherford B. HAYES. &lt;br /&gt;
Ulysses S. &lt;br /&gt;
GRANT. &lt;br /&gt;
Andrew JOHNSON. &lt;br /&gt;
Abraham LINCOLN. &lt;br /&gt;
James (BUCHANAN &lt;br /&gt;
Franklin PIERCE &lt;br /&gt;
Millard FILLMORE. zachary TAYLOR. &lt;br /&gt;
James K. •POLK John TYLER. HARRISON• &lt;br /&gt;
Martin Van •BUREN &lt;br /&gt;
Andrew JACKSON &lt;br /&gt;
John Quincy ADAMS. &lt;br /&gt;
James •MONROE &lt;br /&gt;
james w&amp;quot;18'i MADISON &lt;br /&gt;
Thomas JEFFERSON &lt;br /&gt;
John ADAMS. &lt;br /&gt;
George WASHINGTON. &lt;br /&gt;
2002 2000 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 98 1996 &lt;br /&gt;
I 95, 1988 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 86 1984 1980 1976 &lt;br /&gt;
1972 1968 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 66 1964 1960 &lt;br /&gt;
I9S8 1956 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 SO 1948 &lt;br /&gt;
I 946 1944 &lt;br /&gt;
1932 1928 1924 &lt;br /&gt;
1922 1920 1916 1912 1908 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 06 1904 1900 &lt;br /&gt;
1 898 1896 &lt;br /&gt;
1890 1888 &lt;br /&gt;
1886 1884 1880 1876 1872 1868 &lt;br /&gt;
I 8 66 1864 1860 &lt;br /&gt;
I8S8 1856 &lt;br /&gt;
I 8 SO 1848 &lt;br /&gt;
1832 1828 1824 1820 1816 1812 1808 &lt;br /&gt;
1806 1804 1800 &lt;br /&gt;
1796 &lt;br /&gt;
I 7 90 1788 &lt;br /&gt;
HOUSE &lt;br /&gt;
Members of Left-Leaning Parties Members of Right-Leaning Parties 311 320 &lt;br /&gt;
h Right &lt;br /&gt;
The Tea Party wave of 2010 helped House Republicans regain all the ground they had lost in 2006 and 2008 and then some. &lt;br /&gt;
The Democratic Party's gains in 2006 and 2008 came largely from centrist candidates in swing districts—the same ones who would -- be voted out in 20 I &lt;br /&gt;
Center &lt;br /&gt;
Democratic losses in 1994 came almost exclusively among centrists, leaving the left and far left blocs relatively untouched—a pattern which would continue in 2010 &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats gained a &lt;br /&gt;
While the size of the Republican majority didn't Np change very much during this period, its internal makeup did.The centrist bloc nearly vanished, and in every election from 1984 to 2004, the far right bloc grew. &lt;br /&gt;
Newt Gingrich's Republican Revolution of 1994 gave the GOP control of the House for the first time in 40 years. &lt;br /&gt;
With Ronald Reagan's election in 1980, Republicans regained the ground they lost afterWatergate. &lt;br /&gt;
number of-House oats &lt;br /&gt;
in the aftermath of the &lt;br /&gt;
Watergate scandal. &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats added seats in 1958 through wins in the Rust Belt and the gain of every seat in Connecticut's delegation. &lt;br /&gt;
The New Deal wave consisted almost entirely of centrist Democrats. Over the course of the 20th century, theo centrists generally lost ground to left and far-left Democrats—a slow motion version of the process that has happened more rapidly and completely among House Republicans. &lt;br /&gt;
Other than these few years after the war, the House was under Democratic control for the entire period from the Great Depression until the Republican Revolution of 1994. &lt;br /&gt;
Republicans gained seats in I 942, as they had in the late 9I0s, due to concern over American entanglement in a war in Europe. &lt;br /&gt;
The onset of the Great Depression sparked a huge backlash against the Republicans who had held power throughout the 1920s. &lt;br /&gt;
PROGRESSIVE '1 AND fARME LABOR PARTIES &lt;br /&gt;
After losing his bid for the nomination, Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate, splitting the Republican vote and leading to Wil.n's victory and huge (albeit temporary) Democratic gains in the House. &lt;br /&gt;
The 1896 presidential contest, which pitted Democrat William Jennings Bryan against Republican William McKinley, was probably the most heated election in American history. &lt;br /&gt;
In 1882, Democrats won seats thanks to disapproval of a Republican Congress that seemed too friendly to industry. &lt;br /&gt;
POPULIST &lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Panic of 1893&amp;quot; economic depression led to Republicans winning the largest single landslide in Congressional history. John Clayton was elected after ing a first count t 1:fttlefIrtlunsg if:te h e &lt;br /&gt;
The Democrat of seats in I 880 but no *, swon a lot one seems really sure why. &lt;br /&gt;
was shot by an unidentified assassin. His ideological category is unknown. &lt;br /&gt;
1 I &lt;br /&gt;
Disapproval of Grant's handing of the Panic of I 873 (an economic depression) led to Democrats winning control of the House for the first time since the war. &lt;br /&gt;
CIVIL*WAR &lt;br /&gt;
4) &lt;br /&gt;
After most Southern represtatives left to join the Confederate Congitss, the Democrats who remained were defined by opposition to the war &lt;br /&gt;
REPUBLICANS The Republican Party formed around opposition to slavery. As the party of the North, it &lt;br /&gt;
and financial interests, i ndustrialization, and Puritan - influenced social reforms eventually culminating in the Pro hibiti on movement. &lt;br /&gt;
WHIGS The Whigs were supporters of business and markets, economic modernization, and social reform. &lt;br /&gt;
They ultimately collapod over the issue of slavery, with the abolitionist faction eventually becoming the Republican Party. &lt;br /&gt;
The factions created by the .h ism in the Ion Congress then rejoined into a chaotic series of new parties, some only lasting one term. with Alexander Hamilton and administration faction allied ADMINISTRATION The pro-administration faction favored a central bank, and relaxed relations with party formed from the pro-George Washi ngton. sound national fiscal policy, Great Britain. PRO-FEDERALISTS The Federalists were the &lt;br /&gt;
LEGEND &lt;br /&gt;
Congress and cause an ideological bloc to grow rZtnill7d=o= C'nongre'ess.s Taliturg'theireniderftm'rological=to striik LIM it,'Ithetirem=7:::To&amp;quot;17ww7 &lt;br /&gt;
, WHIG &lt;br /&gt;
Thin:LT:fiche sidenw'shasth:cornitrol'oinf tthe'cramber. &lt;br /&gt;
If a bloc Loses members in coe electich and gains them in the next. the exiting stream may reioin. nereehily mem de • tS who sem. Othr7;dZs'!.°:7b7:::sh.rMelt =intcd &lt;br /&gt;
Tinted We. outlines mark the approomate rnember.ip of some of the smaller pot.. &lt;br /&gt;
HOW IDEOLOGY IS CALCULATED &lt;br /&gt;
Each member of Congress is assigned to an 'ideological category usrig DWNOMINATE a stat.ical system created by political scientists Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal This system rat. each member of Congress's idedegical poshion positich based ch their votes. DWNOMINATE is pure, mathematical and involv. no judgernent co the content of bilk Instead.rnembers of Ccogress are placed ch a spectrum based ch how consistent, they vote together. VVhAe people argue that ideology is rrany-dimen,onal. Poole and Rosenthal found that nearly all Congres,onal voting &lt;br /&gt;
predicted by using just coe ideological variable. This variable tums out to rough, arrespond to position ch &lt;br /&gt;
Because members of Cal,. have served in overlapping terms with past members in a chain badcto the frst Congress.the system dm. comparisch of irfeology across &lt;br /&gt;
.11_ (Note: Scores are ccmparable across time but not between chambers, &lt;br /&gt;
F....de... Fn. &lt;br /&gt;
From the 1960s to the 1990s, conservative Southerners gradually left the Democratic Party while liberal Northerners moved the other way—reducing the ideological overlap between the parties and making each more homogenous. &lt;br /&gt;
Political scientists break US history into partisan eras called &amp;quot;party systems.&amp;quot; Although the Fifth Party System (the New Deal Coalition) underwent this massive realignment in the 1960s and 1970s, they refuse to agree that the Fifth Party System has ended, because they can't point to a specific election where the realignment happened.This means we're now in the second part of the Fifth Party System, which seems like it might just be a political science Deathly Hallows/Breaking Dawn thing. &lt;br /&gt;
Voters in the early days of the Great Depression rallied around New York governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who united farmers, labor unions, academics, and minorities into the New Deal Coalition, whose slow disintegration was at the core of partisan politics for much of the 20th century &lt;br /&gt;
The late 1800s saw an obsessive focus on the issue of bimetalism that it took me a while to understand. &lt;br /&gt;
Farmers and poor people who owed money favored a dual gold-silver standard, because it would lead to inflation, which would make debts easier to pay off. Wealthy bankers—who owned that debt—wanted the opposite.This became the focus of a Main St. vs.Wall. St cultural struggle culminating in William Jennings Bryan's famous &amp;quot;Cross of Gold&amp;quot; speech. (Despite his fiery oratory, Bryan lost the presidential election to McKinley) &lt;br /&gt;
Politics in the first half of the 1800s was completely dominated by the issue of slavery, which was supported by poor white Southern farmers—Democrats—and opposed by the Northern Protestant intellectuals and wealthy businesspeople who formed first the Whigs and then the Republican Party. &lt;br /&gt;
During this period, as during the Civil Rights era, a second DW-NOMINATE variable becomes important, and corresponds to voting behavior on regional issues. If the first variable represents the left-right variable, then during these periods the second variable could simply be thought of as representing the racism spectrum. &lt;br /&gt;
The first divide in Congress was between supporters (right) and opponents (left) of the Washington Administration. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Large drawings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Incomplete explanations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1127:_Congress&amp;diff=93476</id>
		<title>1127: Congress</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1127:_Congress&amp;diff=93476"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T23:15:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* The title text */ totaly wrong, i mean god&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1127&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 29, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Congress&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = congress.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = It'd be great if some news network started featuring partisan hack talking heads who were all Federalists and Jacksonians, just to see how long it took us to catch on.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Click the date above the comic to go to the xkcd page, and there is a link to the [http://xkcd.com/1127/large/ much larger version].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
It appears that the (at the time) {{w|United States presidential election, 2012|upcoming 2012 election}} has put [[Randall]] into a political state of mind, as this is the second comic in a few weeks that has dealt with political history ([[1122: Electoral Precedent]]). As with that comic, this comic goes through the entire history of the {{w|Federal government of the United States|U.S. Federal Government}}. Also notably, Randall makes a number of observations that are akin to the type of observations Randall denounces in 1122 (e.g. for 1928, Randall notes that no Republican has since won the presidency without a Nixon or a Bush on the ticket). Just around the election he posted two more comics related to this: [[1130: Poll Watching]] and [[1131: Math]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===U.S. Federal Government===&lt;br /&gt;
In the {{w|Federal government of the United States|U.S. Federal Government}}, one of the {{w|Separation of powers|checks and balances}} is a {{w|bicameralism|bicameral}} {{w|United States Congress}}, which consists of two &amp;quot;houses&amp;quot;: the {{w|United States Senate|Senate}}, its &amp;quot;upper&amp;quot; house; and the {{w|United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives}} (&amp;quot;the House&amp;quot;), its &amp;quot;lower house&amp;quot;. The Senate consists of 2 senators elected from each state (thus 100 total), while the House consists of 435 voting representatives (a number decided upon in {{w|Apportionment Act of 1911|1911}} by law) whose {{w|United States congressional apportionment|apportionment}} is split between the states proportional to their population; although each state gets at least one (the House also has non-voting representatives from unincorporated territories like {{w|Puerto Rico}} and the {{w|District of Columbia}}). Every ten years, the House is reapportioned based on the latest census. The most populous state as of 2012 is California which has 53 seats in the House. Senators serve 6-year terms with elections held every 2 years for one-third of the seats. Members of the House (called Representatives or Congressmen/women) serve 2-year terms with all of the seats contested every 2 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In order for a bill to become a law, it must be passed by both the House and the Senate. In a way, this theoretically ensures that the bill is supported both by the majority of states (the Senate), and the majority of the population (the House). The President may then sign the bill into law, he may &amp;quot;veto&amp;quot; the bill, or he may do nothing, in which case it becomes a law if and only if Congress is in session after a waiting period of 10 days (not including Sundays).&lt;br /&gt;
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===Political ideologies===&lt;br /&gt;
In politics, there is a {{w|political spectrum|scale}} that represents the political beliefs of a politician. The scale goes from &amp;quot;{{w|Left-wing politics|left}}&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;{{w|Right-wing politics|right}}&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;center&amp;quot; — which generally describes a balancing point of beliefs (sometimes called &amp;quot;left-wing&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;right-wing&amp;quot;).&lt;br /&gt;
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The &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; is a general belief in social justice, and is sometimes associated with {{w|socialism}}. Modern left-wingers generally prioritize equality, and support policies like welfare and government-subsidized healthcare. This trends toward having a larger federal government. In the U.S., &amp;quot;liberal&amp;quot; is a term often used to denote left-leaning tendencies.&lt;br /&gt;
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The &amp;quot;right&amp;quot; generally believe in personal responsibility and individual liberty, which is often termed {{w|conservatism|conservative}}. This trends towards having less regulation and thereby a smaller federal government. The goal is to keep the nation stable, and reducing the interference by the government with a person's wealth. This ostensibly means lower taxes, because the government does not provide as much.&lt;br /&gt;
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Politicians typically align themselves into groups of similar beliefs and positions called &amp;quot;parties&amp;quot;. In the U.S., there have generally been two dominant parties, although there have been times where three or more parties have shared roughly equal influence and support. In today's politics (which is apparently known as (the second part of) the fifth era of political parties, or {{w|Fifth Party System}}, as noted on the outside edges of the comic) of the two current primary U.S. political parties, the {{w|Democrats}} are the left-leaning party, and the {{w|Republicans}} are the right-leaning party. The dominant parties are generally considered &amp;quot;moderate&amp;quot; in their left- or right-wing leanings, as either party appears to requires the support of a majority (or a few percent under) of voters to win. However, this is complicated by a process called gerrymandering where election boundaries are redrawn to allow a political advantage to the party currently in power. Thus a popular majority state wide or any ratio of votes to representatives will not necessarily be reflected in delegates awarded, an example being the Republicans' REDMAP 2012 report ([http://maddowblog.msnbc.com/_news/2013/01/21/16630863-virginia-republicans-move-for-permanent-majority]). Smaller parties often run candidates with more extreme views, but such candidates rarely win, due to a more limited number of possible supporters ensuring that even a relatively large minority would have zero chance of representation. (see {{w|Duverger's law}}).&lt;br /&gt;
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===The comic===&lt;br /&gt;
The comic effectively consists of three separate charts: The left- and right-hand charts are the main charts; they represent the Senate and House respectively, and purport to show the left- and right-wing leanings of each legislature through U.S. history. There is a legend on the right that sets out fairly clearly how the charts work, but basically Randall has split each wing into three levels including the very moderate or &amp;quot;Center&amp;quot; right or left, and the more extreme or &amp;quot;Far&amp;quot; right or left, as well as the average left and right without prefix. A dotted yellow line represents the balance of power in each legislature, and white lines represent the leanings of certain notable people including presidents.&lt;br /&gt;
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Some presidents are not indicated, because they were never senators or congressmen (most of these were state Governors, such as {{w|Bill Clinton|Clinton}}, {{w|George W. Bush|Bush}} and 2012 candidate {{w|Mitt Romney}}). As may be noted from the chart, {{w|Barack Obama}} is considered &amp;quot;left&amp;quot; while {{w|Paul Ryan}} is considered &amp;quot;far right&amp;quot;. It's also notable that the &amp;quot;center right&amp;quot; ideology appears to be completely eradicated from the House and is waning in the Senate (although a similar trend is shown around 1900 with the centrists making a comeback thereafter).&lt;br /&gt;
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On either side of these charts, there are descriptions or explanations for expansions and contractions of each ideological group.&lt;br /&gt;
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The center chart appears to primarily act as a timeline. Each president is listed with their leanings indicated by a left or right arrow. Wars are shaded in grey. Other notable events are also indicated. On either side of the center chart (although somewhat mixed in with the aforementioned Senate/House explanations), there are also references to the primary parties of each era showing how they evolved (left-leaning parties on the left, and right-leaning parties on the right).&lt;br /&gt;
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Finally, there's a little extra commentary on the right side, below the legend.&lt;br /&gt;
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===The title text===&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to two political parties in American history: the Federalists and the Jacksonian&lt;br /&gt;
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Note that this means the two parties are not strictly contemporaries. There are features of both the modern Republican and Democratic parties in each, so depending on the topic presented, it may take a long time to figure out that they are not these modern parties until the topic of discussion changes. They do, however, make a nice dichotomy. &lt;br /&gt;
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The Federalists are one of the oldest political parties in American History. Federalists where seen as conservative in there time , and similarly to modern republicans much of there support came from bankers and businessmen and they where committed to a fiscally sound and government, but on the flip side they favored a strong central government, regulation of industry, a national banking system, and where protectionistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Jacksonian party is one of the four branches of the Democratic Party that developed during the political chaos after the Federalist party died out in the War of 1812. The Jacksonians where considered liberal for there time, they believed in one man, one vote, regardless of standing, and there mascot was a donkey and they're the ancestor of the modern Democratic Party, but on the flip side they did not want a strong national government and believed that the government should have limited impact in regulated industry, went so far as to end the bank of the United States, and where fiercely expansionistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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Network news channels regularly feature {{w|Pundit|talking heads}}, supposed 'experts' who offer their opinion on the topical political stories. Where these talking heads are strongly aligned with a particular party, and are unconcerned with anything other than winning, they could be described as a {{w|Partisan|partisan}} {{w|Political hack| hacks}}.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript}}&lt;br /&gt;
*This transcript is neither only a representation the visible text in the small image or all of the text in the full image.&lt;br /&gt;
*Since there is text visible all over even the small image it would be most relevant to have a full transcript.&lt;br /&gt;
**Or at least make a separate transcript page like for [[980: Money\Transcript]].&lt;br /&gt;
**In the latter case this transcript below should then be reduced to only visible text in small image!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:A history of&lt;br /&gt;
:'''The United States Congress'''&lt;br /&gt;
:Partisan and ideological makeup&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[The comic is divided into three massive sections, SENATE, PRESIDENCIES, and HOUSE. Timelines run backwards down the page between each section. In the HOUSE and SENATE sections, shifting, curving red and blue areas of different brightness illustrate the shifting balance of power between &amp;quot;Members of Left-Leaning Parties&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Members of Right-Leaning Parties&amp;quot;. Under PRESIDENCIES, different administrations are labeled and wars are shaded in gray. There are notes throughout all sections.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[There are additional notes on the right.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:LEGEND&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square containing ribbons of color merging upwards with larger areas]'': Branches join in when new members enter Congress and cause an ideological bloc to grow. (Note: If the new member is elected as another retires from the same ideological bloc, no change is shown.)&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square containing ribbons of color splitting off from larger areas]'': Branches split off when members leave Congress, causing their ideological bloc to shrink. (Note: If the new member is elected as another retires from the same ideological bloc, no change is shown.)&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square showing yellow dotted line crossing from red to blue area]'': The yellow line marks the midpoint, which indicates which side has control of the chamber.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square in which curve briefly separates from blue area]'': If a bloc loses members in one election and gains them in the next, the exiting stream may rejoin. This does not necessarily mean the same people returned.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square showing white dashed line labeled Lyndon Johnson on top of ribbon merging with main area]'': Future (and past) US Presidents who served in Congress are shown with white dashed lines. Other noteworthy members are shown with thin solid lines.&lt;br /&gt;
::''[Square in which tinted area marked &amp;quot;Whig&amp;quot; sits over mix of red and blue areas]'': Tinted white outlines mark the approximate membership of some of the smaller political parties.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:HOW IDEOLOGY IS CALCULATED&lt;br /&gt;
::Each member of Congress is assigned to an ideological category using DW-NOMINATE, a statistical system created by political scientists Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal. This system rates each member of Congress's ideological position [sic] based on their votes.&lt;br /&gt;
::DW-NOMINATE is purely mathematical and involves no judgement on the content of bills. Instead, members of Congress are placed on a spectrum based on how consistently they vote together.&lt;br /&gt;
::While people argue that ideology is many-dimensional, Poole and Rosenthal found that nearly all Congressional voting behavior - especially in the modern era - can be accurately predicted by using just one ideological variable.&lt;br /&gt;
::This variable turns out to roughly correspond to position on the classic economic liberal/conservative spectrum.&lt;br /&gt;
::Because members of Congress have served in overlapping terms with past members in a chain back to the first Congress, the system allows comparison of ideology across time - even accounting for individual members' ideological drift. (Note: Scores are comparable across time but not between chambers.)&lt;br /&gt;
::For more detail, see Poole and Rosenthal's website, voteview.com.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Here is a OCR'ed transcript. It's pretty accurate, but needs some revision. Here it is: &lt;br /&gt;
A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS PARTISAN AND IDEOLOGICAL MAKEUP &lt;br /&gt;
The chart width on each side corresponds to the number of seats held by two groups of parties:7 I Seats held 1;77c=13'&amp;quot;' Seats held by I left-leaning parties right-leaning parties (e.g. Democratic. Green) (e.g. Republican. Constitution) I &lt;br /&gt;
• .T Left L .Lefte.to., Reit (300 to S00,• • Center Left (0 to -300 center', Center Rjght (0 to 300)• &lt;br /&gt;
( &lt;br /&gt;
Color shows the ideological makeup of the two sides based on member DW-NOMINATE SCORES (see below for more) &lt;br /&gt;
SENATE &lt;br /&gt;
Members of Left-Leaning Parties &lt;br /&gt;
In the later years of the Bush Administration, Democrats regained control of the Senate in 2006, and won a larger majority in 2008 during the onset of the financial crisis. &lt;br /&gt;
• PAR , SYS &lt;br /&gt;
FOURTH PARTY SYSTEM &lt;br /&gt;
THIRD PARTY YST &lt;br /&gt;
A recession, combined with Eiesnhower Administration policies unpopular with labor unions, helped Democrats make huge Senate gains in the 1958 midterm election, &lt;br /&gt;
Ronald Reagaris commanding victory over Jimmy Carter helped bring Democratic support ,r Republican Senate candidates. &lt;br /&gt;
Amid Democratic chaos, Republicans gained five Senate seats in 1968 and Nixon narrowly won the presidency. &lt;br /&gt;
Anger over Democratic support for civil rights led to pro-Segregation southerners leaving the Democratic party. &lt;br /&gt;
The series of victories by R000velt's New Deal Coalition led to the most lopsided  &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats elected in FDR's New Deal waves 4 included future president A-HarryTruman and labor 'rer advocate Robert Wagner. &lt;br /&gt;
 191 The w se legislatures.T &lt;br /&gt;
1928 was the last year in which the Republican Party won the White House without a Bush or Nixon on the ticket. &lt;br /&gt;
Teddy R000velt, unhappy with his chosen successor (and apparently bored with not being president anymore) challenged President Taft for the 1912 Republican nomination. &lt;br /&gt;
gow &lt;br /&gt;
The return of Southern partisans who had left to join the Confederacy eventually gave the Democrats the political power to end Reconstruction and put in place segregationist Jim Crow laws. &lt;br /&gt;
The Republicans dominated national politics after the war, with Grover Cleveland 90e only Democrat elected president over a period of more than half a century. &lt;br /&gt;
Republicans gained Senate seats in 1888 from a number of recently-admitted states. &lt;br /&gt;
CIVIL*WAR When the South seceded following &lt;br /&gt;
Nconai UNIONIST &lt;br /&gt;
Lincoln's election, most Southern Senate seats were declared vacant. &lt;br /&gt;
SECOND PARTY YST &lt;br /&gt;
Senator Henry Clay, by skillfully negotiating compromises, is said to have singlehandedly held off the Civil War for 40 years. &lt;br /&gt;
Senator John C. Calhoun, with his fiery arguments that white slaveowners were the real oppressed minority, helped emcee it eventually happened. &lt;br /&gt;
This strange influx of candidates on the right to parties on the left is a sign of the complete collapse of the Federalists. &lt;br /&gt;
JohnTyler was a former Democrat who opposed the Whig platform.When he became Pi-esident after Harris., death, the Whigs revolted, and—without support from either party—he suffered political deadlock. &lt;br /&gt;
DEMOCRATS The Democratic Party was formed by the followers of Andrew Jackson, an outspoken, aggressive populist who got in a lot of duels. &lt;br /&gt;
They fought against elite and business interests and stuck up for the the little guy—as long as the little guy was white.With a natural base among poor southern farmers, the Democrats became the party of slavery. &lt;br /&gt;
The basic contradiction of a party of slaveowners ostensibly standing for egalatarianism would go unresolved until the late 20th century. The 18th Congress w.ta,s,echoaveorwtic.hWeimhaitnghiayddobemcionmanet &lt;br /&gt;
iftPRae tpU jbel iffcea rnssc:rf';:gpmeen'tecdrai tniO four warring factions. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS The Democratic-Republi cans (or &amp;quot;Jefferson ian Republicans&amp;quot;) were the party formed by the anti-administration faction. &lt;br /&gt;
This chart places them provisionally on the left, although since they absorbed many pro-administration figures, their DW-NOMINATE average is very cloo to zero. &lt;br /&gt;
ANTI-ADMINISTRATION The anti-administration faction favored states' rights and farmers, and opposed what they saw as Hamilton's tendencies toward elitism and monarchism. &lt;br /&gt;
PRESIDENCIES Barack Obama&lt;br /&gt;
2006-2004 &lt;br /&gt;
2002-2000 &lt;br /&gt;
1998-1996 &lt;br /&gt;
1994-1992 &lt;br /&gt;
1988 &lt;br /&gt;
1.6 1984 &lt;br /&gt;
1.2 1980 &lt;br /&gt;
1938 1936 &lt;br /&gt;
1 93 1 &lt;br /&gt;
George W. Bush. &lt;br /&gt;
Bill &amp;lt;LINTON &lt;br /&gt;
George H.VV. sewu BUSH. &lt;br /&gt;
Ronald REAGAN. &lt;br /&gt;
Jimmy CARTER Gerald FORD. &lt;br /&gt;
— &lt;br /&gt;
Richard NIXON. &lt;br /&gt;
Lyndon B. JOHNSON &lt;br /&gt;
John F KENNEDY &lt;br /&gt;
Dwight EISENHOWER. &lt;br /&gt;
Harry S •TRUMAN &lt;br /&gt;
Roo.. di...Re &lt;br /&gt;
(ROOSEVELT &lt;br /&gt;
1906 1904 &lt;br /&gt;
190 2 1900 &lt;br /&gt;
1886 1884 &lt;br /&gt;
1 882 1880 &lt;br /&gt;
1866 1864 &lt;br /&gt;
1862 1860 &lt;br /&gt;
Ig8 1856 &lt;br /&gt;
I 806 1804 &lt;br /&gt;
Calvin COOLIDGE. Warren G. HARDING. &lt;br /&gt;
Woodrow _II/11 WILSON &lt;br /&gt;
William Howard TAFT. &lt;br /&gt;
Theodore ROOSEVELT. &lt;br /&gt;
Mc Krt. assassinated &lt;br /&gt;
Benjamin HARRISON. &lt;br /&gt;
Grover CLEVELAND Chester A. ARTHUR' l'adrnesA. GARFIELD•  Rutherford B. HAYES. &lt;br /&gt;
Ulysses S. &lt;br /&gt;
GRANT. &lt;br /&gt;
Andrew JOHNSON. &lt;br /&gt;
Abraham LINCOLN. &lt;br /&gt;
James (BUCHANAN &lt;br /&gt;
Franklin PIERCE &lt;br /&gt;
Millard FILLMORE. zachary TAYLOR. &lt;br /&gt;
James K. •POLK John TYLER. HARRISON• &lt;br /&gt;
Martin Van •BUREN &lt;br /&gt;
Andrew JACKSON &lt;br /&gt;
John Quincy ADAMS. &lt;br /&gt;
James •MONROE &lt;br /&gt;
james w&amp;quot;18'i MADISON &lt;br /&gt;
Thomas JEFFERSON &lt;br /&gt;
John ADAMS. &lt;br /&gt;
George WASHINGTON. &lt;br /&gt;
2002 2000 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 98 1996 &lt;br /&gt;
I 95, 1988 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 86 1984 1980 1976 &lt;br /&gt;
1972 1968 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 66 1964 1960 &lt;br /&gt;
I9S8 1956 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 SO 1948 &lt;br /&gt;
I 946 1944 &lt;br /&gt;
1932 1928 1924 &lt;br /&gt;
1922 1920 1916 1912 1908 &lt;br /&gt;
I 9 06 1904 1900 &lt;br /&gt;
1 898 1896 &lt;br /&gt;
1890 1888 &lt;br /&gt;
1886 1884 1880 1876 1872 1868 &lt;br /&gt;
I 8 66 1864 1860 &lt;br /&gt;
I8S8 1856 &lt;br /&gt;
I 8 SO 1848 &lt;br /&gt;
1832 1828 1824 1820 1816 1812 1808 &lt;br /&gt;
1806 1804 1800 &lt;br /&gt;
1796 &lt;br /&gt;
I 7 90 1788 &lt;br /&gt;
HOUSE &lt;br /&gt;
Members of Left-Leaning Parties Members of Right-Leaning Parties 311 320 &lt;br /&gt;
h Right &lt;br /&gt;
The Tea Party wave of 2010 helped House Republicans regain all the ground they had lost in 2006 and 2008 and then some. &lt;br /&gt;
The Democratic Party's gains in 2006 and 2008 came largely from centrist candidates in swing districts—the same ones who would -- be voted out in 20 I &lt;br /&gt;
Center &lt;br /&gt;
Democratic losses in 1994 came almost exclusively among centrists, leaving the left and far left blocs relatively untouched—a pattern which would continue in 2010 &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats gained a &lt;br /&gt;
While the size of the Republican majority didn't Np change very much during this period, its internal makeup did.The centrist bloc nearly vanished, and in every election from 1984 to 2004, the far right bloc grew. &lt;br /&gt;
Newt Gingrich's Republican Revolution of 1994 gave the GOP control of the House for the first time in 40 years. &lt;br /&gt;
With Ronald Reagan's election in 1980, Republicans regained the ground they lost afterWatergate. &lt;br /&gt;
number of-House oats &lt;br /&gt;
in the aftermath of the &lt;br /&gt;
Watergate scandal. &lt;br /&gt;
Democrats added seats in 1958 through wins in the Rust Belt and the gain of every seat in Connecticut's delegation. &lt;br /&gt;
The New Deal wave consisted almost entirely of centrist Democrats. Over the course of the 20th century, theo centrists generally lost ground to left and far-left Democrats—a slow motion version of the process that has happened more rapidly and completely among House Republicans. &lt;br /&gt;
Other than these few years after the war, the House was under Democratic control for the entire period from the Great Depression until the Republican Revolution of 1994. &lt;br /&gt;
Republicans gained seats in I 942, as they had in the late 9I0s, due to concern over American entanglement in a war in Europe. &lt;br /&gt;
The onset of the Great Depression sparked a huge backlash against the Republicans who had held power throughout the 1920s. &lt;br /&gt;
PROGRESSIVE '1 AND fARME LABOR PARTIES &lt;br /&gt;
After losing his bid for the nomination, Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate, splitting the Republican vote and leading to Wil.n's victory and huge (albeit temporary) Democratic gains in the House. &lt;br /&gt;
The 1896 presidential contest, which pitted Democrat William Jennings Bryan against Republican William McKinley, was probably the most heated election in American history. &lt;br /&gt;
In 1882, Democrats won seats thanks to disapproval of a Republican Congress that seemed too friendly to industry. &lt;br /&gt;
POPULIST &lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Panic of 1893&amp;quot; economic depression led to Republicans winning the largest single landslide in Congressional history. John Clayton was elected after ing a first count t 1:fttlefIrtlunsg if:te h e &lt;br /&gt;
The Democrat of seats in I 880 but no *, swon a lot one seems really sure why. &lt;br /&gt;
was shot by an unidentified assassin. His ideological category is unknown. &lt;br /&gt;
1 I &lt;br /&gt;
Disapproval of Grant's handing of the Panic of I 873 (an economic depression) led to Democrats winning control of the House for the first time since the war. &lt;br /&gt;
CIVIL*WAR &lt;br /&gt;
4) &lt;br /&gt;
After most Southern represtatives left to join the Confederate Congitss, the Democrats who remained were defined by opposition to the war &lt;br /&gt;
REPUBLICANS The Republican Party formed around opposition to slavery. As the party of the North, it &lt;br /&gt;
and financial interests, i ndustrialization, and Puritan - influenced social reforms eventually culminating in the Pro hibiti on movement. &lt;br /&gt;
WHIGS The Whigs were supporters of business and markets, economic modernization, and social reform. &lt;br /&gt;
They ultimately collapod over the issue of slavery, with the abolitionist faction eventually becoming the Republican Party. &lt;br /&gt;
The factions created by the .h ism in the Ion Congress then rejoined into a chaotic series of new parties, some only lasting one term. with Alexander Hamilton and administration faction allied ADMINISTRATION The pro-administration faction favored a central bank, and relaxed relations with party formed from the pro-George Washi ngton. sound national fiscal policy, Great Britain. PRO-FEDERALISTS The Federalists were the &lt;br /&gt;
LEGEND &lt;br /&gt;
Congress and cause an ideological bloc to grow rZtnill7d=o= C'nongre'ess.s Taliturg'theireniderftm'rological=to striik LIM it,'Ithetirem=7:::To&amp;quot;17ww7 &lt;br /&gt;
, WHIG &lt;br /&gt;
Thin:LT:fiche sidenw'shasth:cornitrol'oinf tthe'cramber. &lt;br /&gt;
If a bloc Loses members in coe electich and gains them in the next. the exiting stream may reioin. nereehily mem de • tS who sem. Othr7;dZs'!.°:7b7:::sh.rMelt =intcd &lt;br /&gt;
Tinted We. outlines mark the approomate rnember.ip of some of the smaller pot.. &lt;br /&gt;
HOW IDEOLOGY IS CALCULATED &lt;br /&gt;
Each member of Congress is assigned to an 'ideological category usrig DWNOMINATE a stat.ical system created by political scientists Keith Poole and Howard Rosenthal This system rat. each member of Congress's idedegical poshion positich based ch their votes. DWNOMINATE is pure, mathematical and involv. no judgernent co the content of bilk Instead.rnembers of Ccogress are placed ch a spectrum based ch how consistent, they vote together. VVhAe people argue that ideology is rrany-dimen,onal. Poole and Rosenthal found that nearly all Congres,onal voting &lt;br /&gt;
predicted by using just coe ideological variable. This variable tums out to rough, arrespond to position ch &lt;br /&gt;
Because members of Cal,. have served in overlapping terms with past members in a chain badcto the frst Congress.the system dm. comparisch of irfeology across &lt;br /&gt;
.11_ (Note: Scores are ccmparable across time but not between chambers, &lt;br /&gt;
F....de... Fn. &lt;br /&gt;
From the 1960s to the 1990s, conservative Southerners gradually left the Democratic Party while liberal Northerners moved the other way—reducing the ideological overlap between the parties and making each more homogenous. &lt;br /&gt;
Political scientists break US history into partisan eras called &amp;quot;party systems.&amp;quot; Although the Fifth Party System (the New Deal Coalition) underwent this massive realignment in the 1960s and 1970s, they refuse to agree that the Fifth Party System has ended, because they can't point to a specific election where the realignment happened.This means we're now in the second part of the Fifth Party System, which seems like it might just be a political science Deathly Hallows/Breaking Dawn thing. &lt;br /&gt;
Voters in the early days of the Great Depression rallied around New York governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who united farmers, labor unions, academics, and minorities into the New Deal Coalition, whose slow disintegration was at the core of partisan politics for much of the 20th century &lt;br /&gt;
The late 1800s saw an obsessive focus on the issue of bimetalism that it took me a while to understand. &lt;br /&gt;
Farmers and poor people who owed money favored a dual gold-silver standard, because it would lead to inflation, which would make debts easier to pay off. Wealthy bankers—who owned that debt—wanted the opposite.This became the focus of a Main St. vs.Wall. St cultural struggle culminating in William Jennings Bryan's famous &amp;quot;Cross of Gold&amp;quot; speech. (Despite his fiery oratory, Bryan lost the presidential election to McKinley) &lt;br /&gt;
Politics in the first half of the 1800s was completely dominated by the issue of slavery, which was supported by poor white Southern farmers—Democrats—and opposed by the Northern Protestant intellectuals and wealthy businesspeople who formed first the Whigs and then the Republican Party. &lt;br /&gt;
During this period, as during the Civil Rights era, a second DW-NOMINATE variable becomes important, and corresponds to voting behavior on regional issues. If the first variable represents the left-right variable, then during these periods the second variable could simply be thought of as representing the racism spectrum. &lt;br /&gt;
The first divide in Congress was between supporters (right) and opponents (left) of the Washington Administration. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Large drawings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Incomplete explanations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=45:_Schrodinger&amp;diff=93472</id>
		<title>45: Schrodinger</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=45:_Schrodinger&amp;diff=93472"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T22:15:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* =Schrödinger's cat */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 45&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = January 4, 2006&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Schrodinger&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = schrodinger.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = There was no alt-text until you moused over&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic is a joke creating a humorously false synthesis, combining the principals of quantum superposition and the effects of reading a comic one panel at a time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{w|Schrödinger's cat}} is a thought experiment that illuminates the notion that a particle only resolves itself to its state upon observation, and until this observation it is in all of its possible states simultaneously. In the thought experiment a cat is both dead and alive until observation, likewise in this comic the comic is both funny and unfunny until the comic is observed (or read).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Black Hat]] and [[Cueball]] are likening the last panel to the box with the cat: until you read it, it is in a mixed state (a superposition) of both funny and unfunny. In the last panel Black Hat says &amp;quot;Shit.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The joke is that after reading the last panel the comic is both funny (as it is unexpected) and not funny (as the last line was a non sequitur and therefore there is no climax) at the same time, thus proving Black Hat and Cueball wrong, hence them expressing discontent with the word shit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Title text|title text]], which Randall here calls the alt-text, suggests that the alt text did not exist until the mouse over action occured.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Schrödinger's cat===&lt;br /&gt;
Schrödinger's cat is a famous thought experiment proposed by {{w|Erwin Schrödinger}} to question the {{w|Copenhagen interpretation}} of quantum mechanics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Under the {{w|Copenhagen interpretation}}, any particle is described by a {{w|wave function}} that allows one to calculate the probability that it is any given state. A radioactive nucleus with a half-life of one hour, for instance, would have a wave-function that would split, showing two distinct states (decayed, undecayed) that change over time until some &amp;quot;observation&amp;quot; forced the wave-function into one state or another (called &amp;quot;collapsing the wave-function&amp;quot;). Before the wave-function is collapsed, it is incorrect to say that the atom has decayed or has not decayed; it is in a &amp;quot;superposition&amp;quot; of states, effectively half-decayed and half-undecayed. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Schrödinger thought the Copenhagen interpretation was absurd, and devised the below thought experiment to show this. The experiment goes as follows: Put a cat in a box, he said, with a device triggered by the decay of an atom with a half-life of one hour that would release a poisonous gas if triggered. Then, after waiting an hour, the Copenhagen interpretation would say that the atom is in a superposition of decayed and undecayed states, and thus, by extension, the cat would be in a superposition of alive and dead states. Only when the box is opened would the wave-function for the cat collapse into either alive or dead states. This thought experiment is not meant to be taken literally as every interaction of a particle with another constitutes a observation, and many particles must interact for a cat to die, but still his argument was that since it is absurd for a cat to be both alive and dead, it is absurd for an atom to be both decayed and undecayed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If this experiment where to be performed the cat would not be both dead and alive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Transcript ==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Black Hat and Cueball are standing next to each other. Above them the text is written in a box with shades around it.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Schrödinger's Comic&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Black Hat and Cueball are still standing next to each other, but Cueball has lifted his arms above his head. The text is again written in a box with shades around it.]&lt;br /&gt;
:The last panel of this comic is both funny and not funny at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Black Hat and Cueball are still standing next to each other, Cueball arms are down again. The text is again written in a box with shades around it.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Until you read it, there's no way to tell which it will end up being.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Black Hat and Cueball are still standing next to each other. Cueball has become smaller and smaller through the three frames after the first. Quite clearly here in the last panel. The text is again written in a box with shades around it.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Shit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*This was the 42nd comic originally posted to [[LiveJournal]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The previous was [[39: Bowl]]. &lt;br /&gt;
**The next was [[46: Secrets]].&lt;br /&gt;
*There had been a break of almost a month between this and the previous comic.&lt;br /&gt;
**This time was probably used to prepare the launch of the new [[xkcd]] site.&lt;br /&gt;
*Original title: &amp;quot;Drawing: Schrodinger&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**For the first time in eight comics, and only the second time since after the first day on LiveJournal, is the weekday not part of the title on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**But apart from in the very next comic, the extra word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; was still added to the title for this and the four comics after the next, in spite of the simultaneous release on xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
*There were no original [[Randall]] quote for this comic.&lt;br /&gt;
*This was the first comic to be posted simultaneous (i.e. on the same day) on both LiveJournal and the new xkcd site. &lt;br /&gt;
*This comic was thus one of the last 11 comics posted on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**These 11 comics were [[:Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd|posted both on LiveJournal and xkcd]] after the xkcd site opened on the 1st of January 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
**They were not all posted on the same day though.&lt;br /&gt;
*The {{w|Schrödinger equation}} was enhanced by {{w|Paul Dirac}} only three years later in 1928: {{w|Dirac equation}}. It did combine the Schrödinger world with Einstein, e.g. relativity.&lt;br /&gt;
*Black Hat's hat is beginning to shorten from its top-hat look, although its height varies between panels. (As does Cueballs height compared to Black Hat.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics posted on livejournal| 42]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Black Hat]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=54:_Science&amp;diff=93471</id>
		<title>54: Science</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=54:_Science&amp;diff=93471"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T22:08:38Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 54&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = January 18, 2006&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Science&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = science.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Bonus points if you can identify the science in question&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
The solid line represents the theoretical {{w|blackbody radiation|radiation for a blackbody}} at 2.73 K according to {{w|Planck's Law}} (derived as early as 1900 by {{w|Max Planck}}). The formula, almost as written in the graph, can be found {{w|Black-body_radiation#Planck.27s_law_of_black-body_radiation|here}}. The only changes are that on Wikipedia the frequency &amp;quot;f&amp;quot; is written as &amp;quot;v&amp;quot; and the temperature T is included in &amp;quot;I(f)&amp;quot; so it becomes &amp;quot;I(v,T)&amp;quot;, but it still represents the energy density. For the record, h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light in a vacuum and k is the Boltzmann constant. The frequency (f or v) along the X-axis is measured in {{w|GHz}} (Giga (or billion) Herz). The curve peaks at 160,4 GHz. There is no scale or unit on the {{w|energy density}} on the Y-axis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The theory is that the blackbody in question was in fact the universe at the point when it had cooled down enough {{w|Decoupling (cosmology)|to allow photons to escape}}, and the fact that this light is now in the microwave range is due to the extreme {{w|redshift}} which becomes stronger the further apart astronomical objects are from each other, due to the expansion of the universe; The back-ground radiation &amp;quot;light&amp;quot; has been traveling since &amp;quot;close&amp;quot; ({{w|Decoupling_(cosmology)#Photon_decoupling|380,000 years}}) to the beginning of the universe, so that which is reaching us right now came from very far indeed ({{w|Big Bang|13.8 billion light years}} minus the 0.00038 billion light years, so it was pretty close in comparison).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text praises viewers who can identify where this equation and corresponding graph come from (without consulting this wiki, of course).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Official t-Shirt explanation===&lt;br /&gt;
This comic was made into a t-Shirt&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the xkcd store there is both an '''explanation for the title:'''&lt;br /&gt;
 {{w|Science}}: We finally figured out that you could separate fact from {{w|superstition}} by a completely radical method: {{w|observation}}. You can try things, measure them, and see how they work! {{w|Bitch (insult)|Bitches}}. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And specifically an '''explanation for the graph:''' &amp;lt;!-- DO NOT CORRECT the missing space or missing comma. This is a copy paste from xkcd with errors as noted below. --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 The graph on the back of the shirt is data from the{{w|Cosmic Background Explorer|COBE mission}} which looked at the {{w|cosmic microwave background radiation|background microwave glow of the universe}} and found that it fit perfectly with the idea that the universe used to be really hot everywhere. This strongly reinforced the {{w|Big Bang}} theory and was one of the most dramatic examples of an experiment agreeing with a theory in history -- the data points fit perfectly, with error bars too small to draw on the graph. It's one of the most triumphant scientific results in history.&lt;br /&gt;
The only Wiki link that was actually part of the original text on xkcd in the above two excerpts (which are direct copy paste, with possible errors), is the one to the COBE mission. But the link on xkcd is now &amp;quot;broken&amp;quot; since there are now several other {{w|COBE|wiki pages with COBE}} in them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic is available on a t-shirt from the [http://store-xkcd-com.myshopify.com/products/science-works xkcd stores].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[A graph with a curve that begins at zero, then peaks at a given frequency, indicated via a thin vertical line, and then fades down towards zero. It is possible to see the data point, which the curve fits perfectly. The Y-axis are labeled. Along the X-axis the zero point and the frequency where the peak has it's maximum are labeled and close to the arrow the unit of this axis is written.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Y-axis: Energy Density&lt;br /&gt;
:Along the X-axis:&lt;br /&gt;
::0 &lt;br /&gt;
::160.4 &lt;br /&gt;
::GHz&lt;br /&gt;
:[Above the graph to the right is the following formula, with the last inner parentheses only included to make the formula clear, since in the drawing the fractions are written above and below horizontal lines:]&lt;br /&gt;
:I(f) = (2hf&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/c&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)(1/(e&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;hf/kT&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;-1))&lt;br /&gt;
:[Below the graph is written the following:]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Science.'''&lt;br /&gt;
:It works, bitches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*This was the 48th comic originally posted to [[LiveJournal]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The previous was [[50: Penny Arcade]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The next was [[51: Malaria]].&lt;br /&gt;
*This comic kept it's original title: &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**It is part of the last six comics on LiveJournal which all had a title without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in it. &lt;br /&gt;
**Five of these had exactly the same title on both sites.&lt;br /&gt;
**Only 11 comics have the same title on both sites.&lt;br /&gt;
**Apart from the [[:Category:First day on LiveJournal|thirteen first comics]] posted to LiveJournal, there were only three other comics without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in the title before these last six.&lt;br /&gt;
*Original [[Randall]] quote: &amp;quot;Bonus points if you can identify the science in question.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**Only difference between this and the title text on xkcd is the last period: &amp;quot;.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**It was rare that these two texts where so similar.&lt;br /&gt;
*This comic was one of the last 11 comics posted on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**These 11 comics were [[:Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd|posted both on LiveJournal and xkcd]] after the [[xkcd]] site opened on the 1st of January 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
**The first six comics were posted on both sites on the same day. But not this one.&lt;br /&gt;
*For some reason this comic was first posted a week later on xkcd (25th of January 2006) the day that [[53: Hobby]] was released on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**On the day [[54: Science]] were released on LiveJournal (18th of January 2006), another comic [[51: Malaria]] was released on xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
**[[51: Malaria]] also became the next comic released on LiveJournal, but this meant that three comics in a row were posted a release day earlier on xkcd than on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**First with the last comic released on LiveJournal, [[55: Useless]], did the two sites release the same comic on the same day again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics posted on livejournal| 48]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Math]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=53:_Hobby&amp;diff=93469</id>
		<title>53: Hobby</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=53:_Hobby&amp;diff=93469"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T22:01:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 53&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = January 23, 2006  &amp;lt;!-- The comic were released two days earlier on xkcd than on LiveJournal (25/1 2006). We use the earliest possible day--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Hobby&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = hobby.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = The only one of these games I really played was Area 51&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This is the second in the &amp;quot;[[My Hobby]]&amp;quot; series of ''[[xkcd]]'' comics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic humorously compares the rules of light gun cabinet arcade video games with real life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Randall]] suggests that his hobby is going to drug busts with the expressed purpose of getting shot as an innocent bystander, thereby causing the police to loose 100 points. Since the comic represents Randall's &amp;quot;hobby&amp;quot;, and the person does not look like any of the main characters, the person lying lifeless in a pool of blood must represent him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drug busts are events where police attempt to catch drug dealers, suppliers, and financiers in situations with enough evidence to convict them. In the style of arcade video games being examined, drug busts are usually depicted as chaotic events with villains, innocent bystanders, captives, and allies popping up like spring loaded targets at a shooting range in a setting with lots of places to hide.  If you don't shoot a target sufficiently quick, you will be shot, so it is common to shoot the wrong targets. To compensate for this these games often deduct points. This is often frustrating, as it requires a number of points to get more ammo or complete the level. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Often the games deliberately encourage you to shoot the innocent making the act seem suicidal. The comic image suggests the police would lose 100 points for such an act in the real world. Obviously, doing this in real life would be a really bad idea, as the hobbyist would quickly be killed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to the game &amp;quot;{{w|Area 51 (1995 video game)|Area 51}}&amp;quot; which was a popular shooter arcade game from 1995 (although a console/PC game {{w|Area 51 (2005 video game)|of the same name}} was released in 2005) which was one of many cabinet arcade games which featured a light gun which allowed players to aim at the screen and shoot in a realistic control mechanic. The title text confirms that the comic is referring to these light gun cabinet games specifically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text of [[188: Reload]] references this strip.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[A person with hair lies on the ground in a pool of red blood. At the top of the panel there is a caption. Then a text. And above the person there is a score with small lines around to indicate that it has just appeared over the body.]&lt;br /&gt;
:My hobby:&lt;br /&gt;
:When the police bust drug hideouts, I sneak in and hide. Then I jump out and startle them into shooting me so they lose points.&lt;br /&gt;
:-100&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*This was the 51th comic originally posted to [[LiveJournal]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The previous was [[52: Secret Worlds]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The next was [[55: Useless]].&lt;br /&gt;
*Original title: &amp;quot;My Hobby&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**As is also the caption in the comic, but the &amp;quot;My&amp;quot; was lost in the xkcd title.&lt;br /&gt;
**It is part of the last six comics on LiveJournal which all had a title without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in it. &lt;br /&gt;
**The five other comics had the exact same title on both sites.&lt;br /&gt;
**Apart from the [[:Category:First day on LiveJournal|thirteen first comics]] posted to LiveJournal, there were only three other comics without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in the title before these last six.&lt;br /&gt;
*There were no original [[Randall]] quote for this comic.&lt;br /&gt;
**However, Randall did reply to this comment by &amp;quot;SpEnSe&amp;quot; on LiveJournal:&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;quot;I'm reminded of Area 51 where you accidently kept shooting the cops in the back...over and over again.&lt;br /&gt;
:::Brilliant.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
:*Randall made the following reply:&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;quot;That was actually precisely the game I was thinking of. I remember my brother playing that game all day at the arcade when we were little.&lt;br /&gt;
:::Fuckin' innocents.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
:*This comment is reflected in the title text on xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
*This comic was one of the last 11 comics posted on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**These 11 comics were [[:Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd|posted both on LiveJournal and xkcd]] after the [[xkcd]] site opened on the 1st of January 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
**The first six comics were posted on both sites on the same day. But not this one.&lt;br /&gt;
*For some reason [[54: Science]] was posted before this one on LiveJournal on the 18th of January 2006&lt;br /&gt;
**It first came out a week later on xkcd on the 25th of January 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
**This was the day that [[53: Hobby]] were released on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**But [[53: Hobby]] had already been released on xkcd two days earlier, the same day as [[52: Secret Worlds]] came out on LiveJournal, on Monday the 23rd of January 2006 .&lt;br /&gt;
**The release date here on explain xkcd uses the first release date, so that is the one on xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
*After the mishap with [[54: Science]] the next three comics up to this one came out on LiveJournal a release day later.&lt;br /&gt;
**First with the next (and last) comic released on LiveJournal, [[55: Useless]], did the two sites release the same comic on the same day again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics posted on livejournal| 51]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Video games]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:My Hobby]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=52:_Secret_Worlds&amp;diff=93466</id>
		<title>52: Secret Worlds</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=52:_Secret_Worlds&amp;diff=93466"/>
				<updated>2015-05-16T21:27:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 52&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = January 21, 2006  &amp;lt;!-- The comic were released two days earlier on xkcd than on LiveJournal (23/1 2006). We use the earliest possible day--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Secret Worlds&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = secret_worlds.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = No two adjacent circles are the same color.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
The quote written in the large white bubbles comes from {{w|The Sandman (Vertigo)|The Sandman}}, a comic book series about dreams. {{w|Neil Gaiman}} is a science fiction and fantasy author who came to fame for writing Sandman. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The interconnected bubbles represent the secret worlds of different people, and how they are connected, they may have the second meaning of the neurons in our brain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text indicates that Randall used the {{w|Four color theorem}}, which states that a {{w|graph theory|graph}} drawn on a flat plane (like this one) requires at most four colors so that each region differs from all of its neighbors. The comic uses four colors (red, yellow, green, blue). This clearly does not include the white bubbles with text.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[A multitude of circles connected with several lines. Most of them are rather small and colored red, yellow, green and blue. Nine of them are white, six of these are larger than all the other circles, but one is the same size as the largest colored (green) circle, and the two smallest are smaller than a few of the colored circles. Pieces of text is written in all the white circles. Although it can be confusing at first the reading order is still the normal one from left to right top to bottom. Readin the circles in that order gives the following text:]&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;Everybody has a secret world inside of them.&lt;br /&gt;
:All of the people in the whole world&lt;br /&gt;
:I mean everybody&lt;br /&gt;
:No matter how dull and boring they are on the outside&lt;br /&gt;
:Inside they've all got unimaginable&lt;br /&gt;
:magnificent, wonderful, stupid, amazing, worlds&lt;br /&gt;
:Not just one world. Hundreds of them. Thousands, maybe.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
:--Neil Gaiman&lt;br /&gt;
:Sandman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*This was the 50th comic originally posted to [[LiveJournal]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The previous was [[51: Malaria]].&lt;br /&gt;
**The next was [[53: Hobby]].&lt;br /&gt;
*This comic kept it's original title: &amp;quot;Secret Worlds&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
**It is part of the last six comics on LiveJournal which all had a title without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in it. &lt;br /&gt;
**Five of these had exactly the same title on both sites.&lt;br /&gt;
**Only 11 comics have the same title on both sites.&lt;br /&gt;
**Apart from the [[:Category:First day on LiveJournal|thirteen first comics]] posted to LiveJournal, there were only three other comics without the word &amp;quot;Drawing&amp;quot; in the title before these last six.&lt;br /&gt;
*There were no original [[Randall]] quote for this comic.&lt;br /&gt;
*This comic was one of the last 11 comics posted on LiveJournal.&lt;br /&gt;
**These 11 comics were [[:Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd|posted both on LiveJournal and xkcd]] after the [[xkcd]] site opened on the 1st of January 2006. &lt;br /&gt;
**The first six comics were posted on both sites on the same day. But not this one.&lt;br /&gt;
*For some reason [[54: Science]] was posted before this one on LiveJournal on the 18th of January 2006, but first a week later on xkcd on the 25th of January 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
**[[52: Secret Worlds]] were then released on xkcd the same day as [[51: Malaria]] came out on LiveJournal on Saturday the 21st of January 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
**It then came out on LiveJournal two days later on Monday the 23rd of January 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
**The release date here on explain xkcd uses the first release date, so that is the one on xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
*After the mishap with [[54: Science]] the next three comics came out on LiveJournal a release day later.&lt;br /&gt;
**First with the last comic released on LiveJournal, [[55: Useless]], did the two sites release the same comic on the same day again.&lt;br /&gt;
*During the start-up of xkcd several of the comics were released on days that deviated from the normal Monday, Wednesday, Friday scheme. &lt;br /&gt;
**This one was thus released on a '''Saturday'''.&lt;br /&gt;
**Since it was first posted on xkcd there is no time given for the post. But [[51: Malaria]] was posted so early on Saturday, 1:43 am, that it could almost have been a Friday comic.&lt;br /&gt;
**And it is likely that these two were posted close to each other.&lt;br /&gt;
**The previous &amp;quot;Friday&amp;quot; comic [[49: Want]] was also released on a Saturday.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics posted on livejournal| 50]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Posted on LiveJournal after xkcd]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1525:_Emojic_8_Ball&amp;diff=93411</id>
		<title>Talk:1525: Emojic 8 Ball</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1525:_Emojic_8_Ball&amp;diff=93411"/>
				<updated>2015-05-15T17:04:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I'm not sure that &amp;quot;This is an obvious parody&amp;quot; counts as an explanation of the cartoon. I looked up &amp;quot;Magic 8 ball&amp;quot; (with which I was unfamiliar). I looked up &amp;quot;Emoji&amp;quot; (with which, too, I was unfamiliar). I then turned back to the cartoon, and I still don't understand it. What's more, there is no explanation of the practically unique absence of mouseover text. [[User:BinaryDigit|BinaryDigit]] ([[User talk:BinaryDigit|talk]]) 05:55, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Lack of mouseover / alt and title attributes is common in **interactive** comics. --[[User:JakubNarebski|JakubNarebski]] ([[User talk:JakubNarebski|talk]]) 06:23, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Randall has published several interactive comics: [[1350: Lorenz]], [[1110: Click and Drag]], and [[1416: Pixels]].  All of these have title text.  The only other without was this year's April Fools (which was also interactive.  However, this is definitely '''not''' a common feature of interactive comics. [[User:Djbrasier|Djbrasier]] ([[User talk:Djbrasier|talk]]) 13:20, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It seems that this comic may be poking fun at the reliance of the modern generation on emoji for communication. By trying to answer serious questions only in emoji, their inadequacy in conveying information is shown. After all, a telephone and party ball hardly answer how one will die. It's all left to the imagination. &lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.179|173.245.56.179]] 06:01, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There might be a horoscope component to it too, i.e. you can interpret the emoji as a meaningful answer no matter which one you get. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.215.162|108.162.215.162]] 06:30, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I believe you may mean to refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinatory,_esoteric_and_occult_tarot tarot cards]. I had a similar thought. [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:16, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Both horoscopes and tarot cards qualify; they're two ways of eliciting the same sort of Rorschach test. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.52.183|173.245.52.183]] 11:58, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: It also bears similarities - particularly with its default question of &amp;quot;How will I die?&amp;quot; - to the fictional [http://machineofdeath.net/ Machine of Death], which tells a person how they will die, often in a particularly obtuse or cryptic manner. Randall has previously submitted a short story to the collection: [http://machineofdeath.net/pod-question Machine of Death Podcast 33] [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 07:21, 15 May 2015 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm guessing Randall is using Unicode emoji characters, i.e. from a font I don't have.  I get a small rectangle with &amp;quot;01F40C&amp;quot; (two rows of three characters), which is indicative of &amp;quot;A character I have no font support for&amp;quot;, in the browser I'm using (although from previous experience it isn't a browser thing, it's that I haven't deliberately installed the specialist font involved).  Which rather spoils things for me, this time round, but I suppose doesn't cause problems for most people who have been persuaded to install emoji-characters to use in the place of 'mere' emoticons... [[Special:Contributions/daily141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 06:36, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:(reply to self), I've found a good guide, for someone like me, would be to consult the document http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F300.pdf to see what one ''should'' see.  Apparently &amp;quot;How will I die?&amp;quot; is answered by a snail, and my flippant &amp;quot;Where do I get the Emoji font from?&amp;quot; is answered by a man's face.  It remains to be seen whether that's 100% correct on both counts. ;) [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 07:58, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Linux folks can install the ttf-ancient-fonts package to add support for the Unicode emoji characters.&lt;br /&gt;
:Ok, I've given in.  As a non-Linux folk, I followed various signposts and went to http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ and went straight for the &amp;quot;Symbola: 08-03-2015&amp;quot; download (extracted and installed the .ttfs by the age-old method).  In case anyone else as out-of-date as me needs and wants to do it manually.  It instantly converted my &amp;quot;Man's Face&amp;quot; code (see reply-to-self, above) into the actual man's face, on that browser tab. FYI. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 08:12, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that, although the emojis do seem to be chosen at random (I haven't attempted to check any code), the URL is changed to encode your question and the result, so [http://xkcd.com/#eyJxIjoiSXMgdGhpcyBhIGdvb2QgcXVlc3Rpb24gdG8gaW1tb3J0YWxpc2U/IiwiYSI6WyImI3gxRjM2NTsiLCImI3gxRjQxMDsiLCImI3gxRjM1RDsiXX0= this link] encodes my question and a three-emoji result. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 07:07, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Is that 3-emoji result hack free? I've only gotten 1 or 2 emoji results so far. Edit: Nevermind. I clicked a bunch in a row and got a 3 emoji result. Now the question is: Can 4 be hacked in? [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:19, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: I had to be horrible and hack every single emoji into the page. 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For the lovers of overflow]! [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:54, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::From the code there appears to be an 8/19 chance (42.1%) of one character, 10/19 (52.6%) of two, and 1/19 (5.2%) of three.--[[User:Laverock|Laverock]] ([[User talk:Laverock|talk]]) 07:52, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: It is just a base64 encoding of the question and answer characters as a JSON object, the part of the link given by Markhurd after the &amp;quot;#&amp;quot; is the encoding of {&amp;quot;q&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Is this a good question to immortalise?&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;a&amp;quot;:[&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F365;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F410;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F35D;&amp;quot;]}. So you can add extra characters to the answer array, but after 3 they start clipping out of the triangle. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.158|108.162.249.158]] 07:32, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the edit history it is noted that the emoji are in color. They are in color for me, too. But I question whether this is universal (where the glyphs are supported). Anyone having a black and white experience? [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:36, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the code, here's the list of possible characters: &amp;amp;#x1F645;, &amp;amp;#x1F646;, &amp;amp;#x1F647;, &amp;amp;#x1F64B;, &amp;amp;#x1F64C;, &amp;amp;#x1F64D;, &amp;amp;#x1F64E;, &amp;amp;#x1F64F;, &amp;amp;#x2702;, &amp;amp;#x2708;, &amp;amp;#x2709;, &amp;amp;#x270A;, &amp;amp;#x270B;, &amp;amp;#x270C;, &amp;amp;#x270F;, &amp;amp;#x2744;, &amp;amp;#x2764;, &amp;amp;#x1F680;, &amp;amp;#x1F683;, &amp;amp;#x1F684;, &amp;amp;#x1F685;, &amp;amp;#x1F687;, &amp;amp;#x1F689;, &amp;amp;#x1F68C;, &amp;amp;#x1F68F;, &amp;amp;#x1F691;, &amp;amp;#x1F692;, &amp;amp;#x1F693;, &amp;amp;#x1F695;, &amp;amp;#x1F697;, &amp;amp;#x1F699;, &amp;amp;#x1F69A;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A2;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A4;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A5;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A7;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A8;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A9;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AA;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AB;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AC;, &amp;amp;#x1F6B2;, &amp;amp;#x1F6B6;, &amp;amp;#x1F6BD;, &amp;amp;#x1F6C0;, &amp;amp;#x231A;, &amp;amp;#x231B;, &amp;amp;#x23F0;, &amp;amp;#x23F3;, &amp;amp;#x2601;, 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&amp;amp;#x1F42C;, &amp;amp;#x1F42D;, &amp;amp;#x1F42E;, &amp;amp;#x1F42F;, &amp;amp;#x1F430;, &amp;amp;#x1F431;, &amp;amp;#x1F432;, &amp;amp;#x1F433;, &amp;amp;#x1F434;, &amp;amp;#x1F435;, &amp;amp;#x1F436;, &amp;amp;#x1F437;, &amp;amp;#x1F438;, &amp;amp;#x1F439;, &amp;amp;#x1F43A;, &amp;amp;#x1F43B;, &amp;amp;#x1F43C;, &amp;amp;#x1F43D;, &amp;amp;#x1F43E;, &amp;amp;#x1F440;, &amp;amp;#x1F442;, &amp;amp;#x1F443;, &amp;amp;#x1F444;, &amp;amp;#x1F445;, &amp;amp;#x1F446;, &amp;amp;#x1F447;, &amp;amp;#x1F448;, &amp;amp;#x1F449;, &amp;amp;#x1F44A;, &amp;amp;#x1F44B;, &amp;amp;#x1F44C;, &amp;amp;#x1F44D;, &amp;amp;#x1F44E;, &amp;amp;#x1F44F;, &amp;amp;#x1F450;, &amp;amp;#x1F451;, &amp;amp;#x1F452;, &amp;amp;#x1F453;, &amp;amp;#x1F454;, &amp;amp;#x1F455;, &amp;amp;#x1F456;, &amp;amp;#x1F457;, &amp;amp;#x1F458;, &amp;amp;#x1F459;, &amp;amp;#x1F45A;, &amp;amp;#x1F45B;, &amp;amp;#x1F45C;, &amp;amp;#x1F45D;, &amp;amp;#x1F45E;, &amp;amp;#x1F45F;, &amp;amp;#x1F460;, &amp;amp;#x1F461;, &amp;amp;#x1F462;, &amp;amp;#x1F463;, &amp;amp;#x1F464;, &amp;amp;#x1F466;, &amp;amp;#x1F467;, &amp;amp;#x1F468;, &amp;amp;#x1F469;, &amp;amp;#x1F46A;, &amp;amp;#x1F46B;, &amp;amp;#x1F46E;, &amp;amp;#x1F46F;, &amp;amp;#x1F470;, &amp;amp;#x1F471;, &amp;amp;#x1F474;, &amp;amp;#x1F476;, &amp;amp;#x1F477;, &amp;amp;#x1F478;, &amp;amp;#x1F479;, &amp;amp;#x1F47A;, &amp;amp;#x1F47B;, &amp;amp;#x1F47C;, &amp;amp;#x1F47D;, &amp;amp;#x1F47E;, &amp;amp;#x1F47F;, &amp;amp;#x1F480;, &amp;amp;#x1F481;, &amp;amp;#x1F482;, &amp;amp;#x1F483;, &amp;amp;#x1F484;, &amp;amp;#x1F485;, &amp;amp;#x1F486;, &amp;amp;#x1F487;, &amp;amp;#x1F488;, &amp;amp;#x1F489;, &amp;amp;#x1F48A;, &amp;amp;#x1F48B;, &amp;amp;#x1F48C;, &amp;amp;#x1F48D;, &amp;amp;#x1F48E;, &amp;amp;#x1F48F;, &amp;amp;#x1F490;, &amp;amp;#x1F491;, &amp;amp;#x1F492;, &amp;amp;#x1F493;, &amp;amp;#x1F494;, &amp;amp;#x1F495;, &amp;amp;#x1F496;, &amp;amp;#x1F497;, &amp;amp;#x1F498;, &amp;amp;#x1F499;, &amp;amp;#x1F49A;, &amp;amp;#x1F49B;, &amp;amp;#x1F49C;, &amp;amp;#x1F49D;, &amp;amp;#x1F49E;, &amp;amp;#x1F49F;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A0;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A1;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A2;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A3;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A4;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A5;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A6;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A7;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A8;, &amp;amp;#x1F4A9;, &amp;amp;#x1F4AA;, &amp;amp;#x1F4AB;, &amp;amp;#x1F4AC;, &amp;amp;#x1F4AE;, &amp;amp;#x1F4AF;, &amp;amp;#x1F4B0;, &amp;amp;#x1F4B2;, &amp;amp;#x1F4B3;, &amp;amp;#x1F4B5;, &amp;amp;#x1F4B8;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BA;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BB;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BC;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BD;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BE;, &amp;amp;#x1F4BF;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C0;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C3;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C5;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C6;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C8;, &amp;amp;#x1F4C9;, &amp;amp;#x1F4CC;, &amp;amp;#x1F4CD;, &amp;amp;#x1F4CE;, &amp;amp;#x1F4D3;, &amp;amp;#x1F4D4;, &amp;amp;#x1F4D5;, &amp;amp;#x1F4D6;, &amp;amp;#x1F4DE;, &amp;amp;#x1F4DF;, &amp;amp;#x1F4E0;, &amp;amp;#x1F4E1;, &amp;amp;#x1F4E3;, &amp;amp;#x1F4E6;, &amp;amp;#x1F4E7;, &amp;amp;#x1F4EB;, &amp;amp;#x1F4F0;, &amp;amp;#x1F4F1;, &amp;amp;#x1F4F7;, &amp;amp;#x1F4F9;, &amp;amp;#x1F4FA;, &amp;amp;#x1F4FB;, &amp;amp;#x1F4FC;, &amp;amp;#x1F50A;, &amp;amp;#x1F50B;, &amp;amp;#x1F50C;, &amp;amp;#x1F50E;, &amp;amp;#x1F510;, &amp;amp;#x1F511;, &amp;amp;#x1F512;, &amp;amp;#x1F513;, &amp;amp;#x1F514;, &amp;amp;#x1F51C;, &amp;amp;#x1F525;, &amp;amp;#x1F526;, &amp;amp;#x1F527;, &amp;amp;#x1F528;, &amp;amp;#x1F529;, &amp;amp;#x1F52A;, &amp;amp;#x1F52B;, &amp;amp;#x1F52E;, &amp;amp;#x1F5FB;, &amp;amp;#x1F5FC;, &amp;amp;#x1F5FD;, &amp;amp;#x1F5FE;, &amp;amp;#x1F5FF;, &amp;amp;#x1F634;, &amp;amp;#x1F681;, &amp;amp;#x1F682;, &amp;amp;#x1F686;, &amp;amp;#x1F688;, &amp;amp;#x1F68A;, &amp;amp;#x1F68D;, &amp;amp;#x1F68E;, &amp;amp;#x1F690;, &amp;amp;#x1F694;, &amp;amp;#x1F696;, &amp;amp;#x1F698;, &amp;amp;#x1F69B;, &amp;amp;#x1F69C;, &amp;amp;#x1F69D;, &amp;amp;#x1F69E;, &amp;amp;#x1F69F;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A0;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A1;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A3;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A6;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AE;, &amp;amp;#x1F6B5;, &amp;amp;#x1F6BF;, &amp;amp;#x1F6C1;, &amp;amp;#x1F30D;, &amp;amp;#x1F30E;, &amp;amp;#x1F31C;, &amp;amp;#x1F31D;, &amp;amp;#x1F31E;, &amp;amp;#x1F332;, &amp;amp;#x1F333;, &amp;amp;#x1F34B;, &amp;amp;#x1F350;, &amp;amp;#x1F37C;, &amp;amp;#x1F3C7;, &amp;amp;#x1F3C9;, &amp;amp;#x1F3E4;, &amp;amp;#x1F400;, &amp;amp;#x1F401;, &amp;amp;#x1F402;, &amp;amp;#x1F403;, &amp;amp;#x1F404;, &amp;amp;#x1F405;, &amp;amp;#x1F406;, &amp;amp;#x1F407;, &amp;amp;#x1F408;, &amp;amp;#x1F409;, &amp;amp;#x1F40A;, &amp;amp;#x1F40B;, &amp;amp;#x1F40F;, &amp;amp;#x1F410;, &amp;amp;#x1F413;, &amp;amp;#x1F415;, &amp;amp;#x1F416;, &amp;amp;#x1F42A;, &amp;amp;#x1F46C;, &amp;amp;#x1F46D;, &amp;amp;#x1F4EC;, &amp;amp;#x1F4ED;, &amp;amp;#x1F4EF;, &amp;amp;#x1F52C;, &amp;amp;#x1F52D; [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.158|108.162.249.158]] 07:38, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Those are mostly the SAME character. An eye chart.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 14:12, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I added them to the page body in table form (my two new favourite tools for the day: [http://rishida.net/tools/conversion/ Bulk unicode code converter] and [http://excel2wiki.net/ Excel to Mediawiki table converter]). However, even converted to three columns, it does seem to take over the page somewhat; it's nice to have the descriptions, but maybe a simple character list like yours would be better. [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 07:44, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Moved the emoji list to a separate page, problem solved (or at least deferred). [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 08:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Most of the characters show up as squares with hex digits for me, both on the comic itself and on this wiki. Bad choice of font, I guess... Randall should learn how to use web fonts. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.91.91|141.101.91.91]] 09:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I wonder if this is related to &amp;quot;Machine of Death&amp;quot; (see http://www.amazon.com/Machine-Death-Collection-Stories-People/dp/0982167121). It's a collection of stories that were written by many different people. The story-starter was that a machine existed that could tell you the manner in which you would die, The day you turned a certain age, you could insert money or a credit card, it would take a tiny blood sample, and spit out a piece of paper with your manner of death. But no specifics were given. Thus, &amp;quot;swimming pool&amp;quot; might cause you to avoid swimming in pools, but one day you'd die after being hit by a truck delivering a prefab pool to some distant location. I believe the xkcd cartoonist (I'm blanking on his name--sorry--it's early and I'm old) had a hand in that book. The emoji concept is similar--even after you decipher &amp;quot;your&amp;quot; symbol's/symbols' meaning, you know nothing. {{unsigned ip|173.245.52.150}}&lt;br /&gt;
** You're thinking of Ryan North, of [http://www.qwantz.com/index.php| Dinosaur comics]. Munroe (the actual author of XKCD) is clearly well aquinted with (at least that part of) North's body of work, so the &amp;quot;How will I die&amp;quot; line could be a reference. Then again, it's a common enough question (along with &amp;quot;does Bobby like me&amp;quot;) [[Special:Contributions/108.162.254.164|108.162.254.164]] 12:54, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Machine of death is a collection of short stories. Munroe wrote one of them. He is well acquainted with MoD. I would suggest that Machine of Death be added to the description as a reference for &amp;quot;how will I die?&amp;quot; as the default question. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.182|173.245.54.182]] 13:48, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This comic does not have a title text which is uncommon. Should this be mentioned in the article? [[Special:Contributions/141.101.92.135|141.101.92.135]] 11:03, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I see this cartoon as a comment on the stupid questions asked of these &amp;quot;magic 8-ball&amp;quot;-type devices, and the expectation that the answer gained will have any relevance - i.e., ask a silly question and you'll get a silly answer.&amp;quot; [[User:Grutness|Grutness]] ([[User talk:Grutness|talk]]) 12:07, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:I think it is a shame that this was not tested on linux. I see a bunch of squares with numbers. I am running a modern version of Mint and I have no intention of installing icon based fonts on my system. How very windows. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.48.160|173.245.48.160]] 13:56, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::This isn't a Windows vs Linux thing, this is a do you have a font that includes additional symbols thing.  For my part, it didn't work in multiple browsers on my Mint Linux box, but it also didn't work on a Windows XP box.  It did work on a Windows 7 box.[[User:N0lqu|-boB]] ([[User talk:N0lqu|talk]]) 14:24, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Could someone on a system with the right fonts replace the picture above with a picture showing emoji, i.e. showing the after-clicking-the-button version of the picture rather than the before version.  Or better yet, an animated GIF showing both states. I think that would really help explain it for those for whom the interactive version isn't working properly and they're only seeing squares.[[User:N0lqu|-boB]] ([[User talk:N0lqu|talk]]) 14:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Try using a smartphone .Emoji are made for smartphone.&lt;br /&gt;
:Nope. Black squares on a smart phone. I'm fairly sure the joke is that people think they're sending you emoticons when they're sending you useless eye charts or black squares. There's nothing here. No emoji. Nothing. Checked on all all sorts of sources, and others are saying the same thing. You can't fool me. I'm not afraid to say the emperor isn't wearing any clothes. The question is, are you?[[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 17:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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People act all superior when they talk down to people who use emoji, but what do you care how other people communicate? [[User:YourLifeisaLie|Yourlifeisalie]] ([[User talk:YourLifeisaLie|talk]]) 16:00, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I see gun, is it a price question?&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/141.101.89.223|141.101.89.223]] 16:40, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1525:_Emojic_8_Ball&amp;diff=93398</id>
		<title>Talk:1525: Emojic 8 Ball</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1525:_Emojic_8_Ball&amp;diff=93398"/>
				<updated>2015-05-15T14:12:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I'm not sure that &amp;quot;This is an obvious parody&amp;quot; counts as an explanation of the cartoon. I looked up &amp;quot;Magic 8 ball&amp;quot; (with which I was unfamiliar). I looked up &amp;quot;Emoji&amp;quot; (with which, too, I was unfamiliar). I then turned back to the cartoon, and I still don't understand it. What's more, there is no explanation of the practically unique absence of mouseover text. [[User:BinaryDigit|BinaryDigit]] ([[User talk:BinaryDigit|talk]]) 05:55, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Lack of mouseover / alt and title attributes is common in **interactive** comics. --[[User:JakubNarebski|JakubNarebski]] ([[User talk:JakubNarebski|talk]]) 06:23, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Randall has published several interactive comics: [[1350: Lorenz]], [[1110: Click and Drag]], and [[1416: Pixels]].  All of these have title text.  The only other without was this year's April Fools (which was also interactive.  However, this is definitely '''not''' a common feature of interactive comics. [[User:Djbrasier|Djbrasier]] ([[User talk:Djbrasier|talk]]) 13:20, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It seems that this comic may be poking fun at the reliance of the modern generation on emoji for communication. By trying to answer serious questions only in emoji, their inadequacy in conveying information is shown. After all, a telephone and party ball hardly answer how one will die. It's all left to the imagination. &lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/173.245.56.179|173.245.56.179]] 06:01, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There might be a horoscope component to it too, i.e. you can interpret the emoji as a meaningful answer no matter which one you get. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.215.162|108.162.215.162]] 06:30, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I believe you may mean to refer to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinatory,_esoteric_and_occult_tarot tarot cards]. I had a similar thought. [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:16, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Both horoscopes and tarot cards qualify; they're two ways of eliciting the same sort of Rorschach test. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.52.183|173.245.52.183]] 11:58, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: It also bears similarities - particularly with its default question of &amp;quot;How will I die?&amp;quot; - to the fictional [http://machineofdeath.net/ Machine of Death], which tells a person how they will die, often in a particularly obtuse or cryptic manner. Randall has previously submitted a short story to the collection: [http://machineofdeath.net/pod-question Machine of Death Podcast 33] [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 07:21, 15 May 2015 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm guessing Randall is using Unicode emoji characters, i.e. from a font I don't have.  I get a small rectangle with &amp;quot;01F40C&amp;quot; (two rows of three characters), which is indicative of &amp;quot;A character I have no font support for&amp;quot;, in the browser I'm using (although from previous experience it isn't a browser thing, it's that I haven't deliberately installed the specialist font involved).  Which rather spoils things for me, this time round, but I suppose doesn't cause problems for most people who have been persuaded to install emoji-characters to use in the place of 'mere' emoticons... [[Special:Contributions/daily141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 06:36, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:(reply to self), I've found a good guide, for someone like me, would be to consult the document http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1F300.pdf to see what one ''should'' see.  Apparently &amp;quot;How will I die?&amp;quot; is answered by a snail, and my flippant &amp;quot;Where do I get the Emoji font from?&amp;quot; is answered by a man's face.  It remains to be seen whether that's 100% correct on both counts. ;) [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 07:58, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Linux folks can install the ttf-ancient-fonts package to add support for the Unicode emoji characters.&lt;br /&gt;
:Ok, I've given in.  As a non-Linux folk, I followed various signposts and went to http://users.teilar.gr/~g1951d/ and went straight for the &amp;quot;Symbola: 08-03-2015&amp;quot; download (extracted and installed the .ttfs by the age-old method).  In case anyone else as out-of-date as me needs and wants to do it manually.  It instantly converted my &amp;quot;Man's Face&amp;quot; code (see reply-to-self, above) into the actual man's face, on that browser tab. FYI. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.213|141.101.98.213]] 08:12, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note that, although the emojis do seem to be chosen at random (I haven't attempted to check any code), the URL is changed to encode your question and the result, so [http://xkcd.com/#eyJxIjoiSXMgdGhpcyBhIGdvb2QgcXVlc3Rpb24gdG8gaW1tb3J0YWxpc2U/IiwiYSI6WyImI3gxRjM2NTsiLCImI3gxRjQxMDsiLCImI3gxRjM1RDsiXX0= this link] encodes my question and a three-emoji result. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 07:07, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Is that 3-emoji result hack free? I've only gotten 1 or 2 emoji results so far. Edit: Nevermind. I clicked a bunch in a row and got a 3 emoji result. Now the question is: Can 4 be hacked in? [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:19, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: I had to be horrible and hack every single emoji into the page. 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For the lovers of overflow]! [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:54, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::From the code there appears to be an 8/19 chance (42.1%) of one character, 10/19 (52.6%) of two, and 1/19 (5.2%) of three.--[[User:Laverock|Laverock]] ([[User talk:Laverock|talk]]) 07:52, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: It is just a base64 encoding of the question and answer characters as a JSON object, the part of the link given by Markhurd after the &amp;quot;#&amp;quot; is the encoding of {&amp;quot;q&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Is this a good question to immortalise?&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;a&amp;quot;:[&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F365;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F410;&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#x1F35D;&amp;quot;]}. So you can add extra characters to the answer array, but after 3 they start clipping out of the triangle. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.158|108.162.249.158]] 07:32, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the edit history it is noted that the emoji are in color. They are in color for me, too. But I question whether this is universal (where the glyphs are supported). Anyone having a black and white experience? [[User:Azule|Azule]] ([[User talk:Azule|talk]]) 07:36, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From the code, here's the list of possible characters: &amp;amp;#x1F645;, &amp;amp;#x1F646;, &amp;amp;#x1F647;, &amp;amp;#x1F64B;, &amp;amp;#x1F64C;, &amp;amp;#x1F64D;, &amp;amp;#x1F64E;, &amp;amp;#x1F64F;, &amp;amp;#x2702;, &amp;amp;#x2708;, &amp;amp;#x2709;, &amp;amp;#x270A;, &amp;amp;#x270B;, &amp;amp;#x270C;, &amp;amp;#x270F;, &amp;amp;#x2744;, &amp;amp;#x2764;, &amp;amp;#x1F680;, &amp;amp;#x1F683;, &amp;amp;#x1F684;, &amp;amp;#x1F685;, &amp;amp;#x1F687;, &amp;amp;#x1F689;, &amp;amp;#x1F68C;, &amp;amp;#x1F68F;, &amp;amp;#x1F691;, &amp;amp;#x1F692;, &amp;amp;#x1F693;, &amp;amp;#x1F695;, &amp;amp;#x1F697;, &amp;amp;#x1F699;, &amp;amp;#x1F69A;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A2;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A4;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A5;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A7;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A8;, &amp;amp;#x1F6A9;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AA;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AB;, &amp;amp;#x1F6AC;, &amp;amp;#x1F6B2;, &amp;amp;#x1F6B6;, &amp;amp;#x1F6BD;, &amp;amp;#x1F6C0;, &amp;amp;#x231A;, &amp;amp;#x231B;, &amp;amp;#x23F0;, &amp;amp;#x23F3;, &amp;amp;#x2601;, 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::Those are mostly the SAME character. An eye chart.[[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 14:12, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I added them to the page body in table form (my two new favourite tools for the day: [http://rishida.net/tools/conversion/ Bulk unicode code converter] and [http://excel2wiki.net/ Excel to Mediawiki table converter]). However, even converted to three columns, it does seem to take over the page somewhat; it's nice to have the descriptions, but maybe a simple character list like yours would be better. [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 07:44, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Moved the emoji list to a separate page, problem solved (or at least deferred). [[User:Studley|Studley]] ([[User talk:Studley|talk]]) 08:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the characters show up as squares with hex digits for me, both on the comic itself and on this wiki. Bad choice of font, I guess... Randall should learn how to use web fonts. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.91.91|141.101.91.91]] 09:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I wonder if this is related to &amp;quot;Machine of Death&amp;quot; (see http://www.amazon.com/Machine-Death-Collection-Stories-People/dp/0982167121). It's a collection of stories that were written by many different people. The story-starter was that a machine existed that could tell you the manner in which you would die, The day you turned a certain age, you could insert money or a credit card, it would take a tiny blood sample, and spit out a piece of paper with your manner of death. But no specifics were given. Thus, &amp;quot;swimming pool&amp;quot; might cause you to avoid swimming in pools, but one day you'd die after being hit by a truck delivering a prefab pool to some distant location. I believe the xkcd cartoonist (I'm blanking on his name--sorry--it's early and I'm old) had a hand in that book. The emoji concept is similar--even after you decipher &amp;quot;your&amp;quot; symbol's/symbols' meaning, you know nothing. {{unsigned ip|173.245.52.150}}&lt;br /&gt;
** You're thinking of Ryan North, of [http://www.qwantz.com/index.php| Dinosaur comics]. Munroe (the actual author of XKCD) is clearly well aquinted with (at least that part of) North's body of work, so the &amp;quot;How will I die&amp;quot; line could be a reference. Then again, it's a common enough question (along with &amp;quot;does Bobby like me&amp;quot;) [[Special:Contributions/108.162.254.164|108.162.254.164]] 12:54, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Machine of death is a collection of short stories. Munroe wrote one of them. He is well acquainted with MoD. I would suggest that Machine of Death be added to the description as a reference for &amp;quot;how will I die?&amp;quot; as the default question. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.182|173.245.54.182]] 13:48, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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This comic does not have a title text which is uncommon. Should this be mentioned in the article? [[Special:Contributions/141.101.92.135|141.101.92.135]] 11:03, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I see this cartoon as a comment on the stupid questions asked of these &amp;quot;magic 8-ball&amp;quot;-type devices, and the expectation that the answer gained will have any relevance - i.e., ask a silly question and you'll get a silly answer.&amp;quot; [[User:Grutness|Grutness]] ([[User talk:Grutness|talk]]) 12:07, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I think it is a shame that this was not tested on linux. I see a bunch of squares with numbers. I am running a modern version of Mint and I have no intention of installing icon based fonts on my system. How very windows. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.48.160|173.245.48.160]] 13:56, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Could someone on a system with the right fonts replace the picture above with a picture showing emoji, i.e. showing the after-clicking-the-button version of the picture rather than the before version.  Or better yet, an animated GIF showing both states. I think that would really help explain it for those for whom the interactive version isn't working properly and they're only seeing squares.[[User:N0lqu|-boB]] ([[User talk:N0lqu|talk]]) 14:04, 15 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1494:_Insurance&amp;diff=85613</id>
		<title>Talk:1494: Insurance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1494:_Insurance&amp;diff=85613"/>
				<updated>2015-03-04T10:19:56Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: /* Hacking */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Well...suck for you.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/108.162.215.57|108.162.215.57]] 05:17, 4 March 2015 (UTC) RobotGoggles&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Incomplete tag?'''&lt;br /&gt;
I know it's pretty early, and the explanation is bound to be rewritten, but the current explanation is a little confusing, and makes a couple jumps that I wouldn't necessarily make. Maybe the incomplete tag shouldn't be removed yet? I'd do it, but I don't really know enough about actually editing the explanations to feel comfortable doing it yet.&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:ARoseByAnyOtherName|ARoseByAnyOtherName]] ([[User talk:ARoseByAnyOtherName|talk]]) 08:52, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: I mean, I had written an explanation I'd say was a bit clearer (if a bit more complicated), but some unregistered user removed most of it... Makes me a bit grumpy. The newly added ''Lifehacks vs. IT hacks'' section brings up most of the things that person removed, though, so this should be complete enough. [[User:Obskyr|Obskyr]] ([[User talk:Obskyr|talk]]) 09:44, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Any meaning to conveyer? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The spelling error in the alt text seems like a simple typo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lawyer? I assumed it was a salesman or HR guy. --[[User:RenniePet|RenniePet]] ([[User talk:RenniePet|talk]]) 08:50, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Insurance agent.  Not exactly a salesman; agents have multiple hats.  You don't get fire insurance from HR.[[User:Taibhse|Taibhse]] ([[User talk:Taibhse|talk]]) 09:34, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I guess this might also relate to that (from my experience) programmers tend to like to break things (anything claimed to be &amp;quot;secure&amp;quot; seems to attract lots of people wanting to test out how secure) or find workarounds for things? [[User:Pinkishu|Pinkishu]] ([[User talk:Pinkishu|talk]]) 10:11, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Hacking ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please read [https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html On Hacking]. I think the term you're looking for is cracking, or at least black hat hacking. Hacking a system would mean getting a system to do something unique and/or interesting. Or interacting with the system in a way that wasn't predicted. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 10:19, 4 March 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1475:_Technically&amp;diff=83042</id>
		<title>Talk:1475: Technically</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1475:_Technically&amp;diff=83042"/>
				<updated>2015-01-20T00:29:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Technically, it's poor form and rude to ignore someone based on *Clicks Random page* [[User:Xseo|Xseo]] ([[User talk:Xseo|talk]]) 13:45, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
It's also possible that Cueball is purposefully inviting another &amp;quot;technically&amp;quot; sentence by stating he's looking at a bug, since it's unlikely he's looking at a member of the order Hemiptera. 14:21, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Well, it seems that White hat is responding to being asked if he is taking drugs, and technically, any food item that is consumed only for its taste or other effect on the body and mind, such as chocolate, could be argued to be a drug by a combination of both definitions given in the explanation. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.254.85|108.162.254.85]] 17:39, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Along the same lines as the &amp;quot;bug&amp;quot; statement, does &amp;quot;a rock with a fossil in it&amp;quot; invite any sort of technical correction? I wouldn't know, personally, but there might be some people out there who would argue that since the fossil was a rock, or some other quibble about the phrase? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.192|108.162.238.192]] 20:19, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:At that point, I'd say we're drastically overthinking this.  Rocks are not in and of themselves fossils, but they are the most common substance in which fossils are found.  (And anyway, most of the discussion about refining that definition would probably include several sentences starting with &amp;quot;technically&amp;quot;, which I'd immediately ignore. ;)) [[User:KieferSkunk|KieferSkunk]] ([[User talk:KieferSkunk|talk]]) 21:56, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Even though the comic doesn't state this specifically, I wonder if this one goes under his &amp;quot;My Hobby&amp;quot; series.  It certainly seems to be in the same spirit. [[User:KieferSkunk|KieferSkunk]] ([[User talk:KieferSkunk|talk]]) 21:57, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Please explain what is meant by &amp;quot;third type&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fourth type&amp;quot; in the current comic description [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.157|173.245.54.157]] 22:59, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:It referred to a chart (now deleted) giving the &amp;quot;types&amp;quot; of sentences beginning with &amp;quot;technically&amp;quot;. I have replaced this with the definition originally in the chart.--[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.169|108.162.216.169]] 23:24, 19 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Maybe related to comic 1240? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 00:29, 20 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1471:_Gut_Fauna&amp;diff=82418</id>
		<title>Talk:1471: Gut Fauna</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1471:_Gut_Fauna&amp;diff=82418"/>
				<updated>2015-01-10T17:35:34Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Poor dog. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.246.231|108.162.246.231]] 06:25, 10 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I think this comic also contains a pun on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet macrobiotics].  Esp. the wording &amp;quot;out of balance&amp;quot; seems to be a reference to esoteric speech.  [[User:Knob creek|Knob creek]] ([[User talk:Knob creek|talk]]) 09:13, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In fairy tales (most notably in little red riding hood), the wolf swallows whole its (human) victims. The comic depics an inversion of roles. Do you think it's worth adding this observation in the explanation? {{unsigned ip|188.114.99.18}}&lt;br /&gt;
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:That's what I took it to mean too, the two options being he swallows the wolf or the wolf swallows him. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.159|141.101.98.159]] 12:35, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Another pun might be on the name of a restaurant in Seattle:  [[http://www.ethanstowellrestaurants.com/locations/how-to-cook-a-wolf/ How to Cook a Wolf]] [[User:Araucaria|Araucaria]] ([[User talk:Araucaria|talk]]) 15:53, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:That's so extremely obscure that thinking it intended is difficult. - Equinox [[Special:Contributions/199.27.128.117|199.27.128.117]] 16:59, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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;Is a citation really needed?&lt;br /&gt;
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I think that requiring a citation for the lethality of administering a wolf via the mouth or rectum may be going just a bit too far? Reference in the [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1471:_Gut_Fauna&amp;amp;diff=82345&amp;amp;oldid=82344 Change history] [[User:Pmw57|Pmw57]] ([[User talk:Pmw57|talk]]) 10:25, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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: I assume that this is a humorous comment, similar to the citation needed tags in the What-if articles. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.237|141.101.98.237]] 12:04, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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::Good point, could be a joking reference to [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=285 xkcd #285] {{unsigned ip|173.245.52.138}}&lt;br /&gt;
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I know an old lady who swallowed a... [[Special:Contributions/108.162.249.237|108.162.249.237]] 13:45, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KiESiO6tLM8 --[[User:RenniePet|RenniePet]] ([[User talk:RenniePet|talk]]) 19:54, 9 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Is Ponytail ''actually'' a Doctor? If you take the lessone from what can be done in [https://xkcd.com/699/ 699 - Trimester], and buy a labcoat... [[User:RedHillian|RedHillian]] ([[User talk:RedHillian|talk]]) 01:55, 10 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;animals are never found in the human digestive system; all known cases of animals in a human digestive system are causes of disease.)&amp;quot; Technically, couldn't it also be the result of one's choice of food? Admittedly a temporary state of affairs, but there are certainly dishes involving live food. [[User:Squornshellous Beta|Squornshellous Beta]] ([[User talk:Squornshellous Beta|talk]]) 07:55, 10 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Or for pleasure? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.238.191|108.162.238.191]] 17:35, 10 January 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1344:_Digits&amp;diff=62986</id>
		<title>1344: Digits</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1344:_Digits&amp;diff=62986"/>
				<updated>2014-03-19T12:15:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;108.162.238.191: Title text explanation&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1344&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = March 19, 2014&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Digits&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = digits.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = It's taken me 20 years to get over skyline tetris.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
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==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|The title text and Skyline Tetris is not explained}}&lt;br /&gt;
[http://gabrielecirulli.github.io/2048/ 2048] is a popular browser-based game in which players must move tiles in a 4 by 4 grid with numbers on them. When two tiles of the same number touch they can be merged into one tile with a value of the two tiles combined. So when two 4-tiles touch and are merged they form one 8-tile. The player can move the tiles by pressing an arrow key (or swiping in a direction on the mobile version), which will move all the tiles in that direction. Everytime the player makes such a move another tile will appear on a random cell. The goal of the game is to get a tile with the number 2048. &lt;br /&gt;
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In the comic the room number can be seen as 4 tiles with the values 8, 2, 2 and 4. If these occur in the game the player can merge the two 2-tiles into one 4-tile. This will then cause two 4-tiles to lie next to eachother so these can be merged into one 8-tile. Finally the two 8-tiles can be merged into one 16-tile.&lt;br /&gt;
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The title text refers to the imagining of how parts of a city skyline could fit nicely with other parts in a manner similar to how tiles in Tetris can fit nicely into a landscape of Tetris blocks (presumably to complete a row or two). Munroe apparently got hooked on Tetris so much when it came out that, for 20 years, he would look at city skylines and see Tetris-like patterns in it. Similarly, he has now been hooked onto 2048 and notices number patterns that would be desirable to obtain during the game.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[A guy is walking and Cueball is following him.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Guy: The talk is in room 8224.&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Ooh, nice.&lt;br /&gt;
:Guy: What?&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: ...Sorry. Nothing.&lt;br /&gt;
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:Caption: Great, now I'll spend the rest of my life noticing numbers that would make 2048 combos.&lt;br /&gt;
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{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>108.162.238.191</name></author>	</entry>

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