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		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=84596Gamma</id>
		<title>explain xkcd - User contributions [en]</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-13T00:46:37Z</updated>
		<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2829:_Iceberg_Efficiency&amp;diff=323885</id>
		<title>Talk:2829: Iceberg Efficiency</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2829:_Iceberg_Efficiency&amp;diff=323885"/>
				<updated>2023-09-16T22:55:37Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
BH clearly isn't Freudian. For the {{w|File:Structural-Iceberg.svg|Iceberg of the Mind}}, the most important part is the 90% of it that is ''hidden''. Which makes for a totally ''different'' (and potentially more implementable) solution whenever you happen to consider that the most important function of an iceberg is to sneak up on ships... ;) [[Special:Contributions/172.71.178.68|172.71.178.68]] 13:26, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
i added a transcript hopefully it isn't horrible [[User:Certified_nqh|Me]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#91;[[285: Wikipedian Protester|''citation needed'']]&amp;amp;#93;[[Category:Pages using the &amp;quot;citation needed&amp;quot; template]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 13:47, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Tweaked (slightly, to personal descriptive tastes), but definitely not horrible. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.86.7|172.70.86.7]] 14:07, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Does anyone have knowledge of aerogels being infused with helium? I'm assuming it wouldn't be too outlandish to do so, but honestly don't have a lot of experience with them. [[User:Fifteen12|Fifteen12]] ([[User talk:Fifteen12|talk]]) 14:39, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:It'd be complex. Most are 'open cell', so need an external coating. Or &amp;quot;pockets of helium&amp;quot; could mean small helium-filled ballonettes embedded within aerogel; being uniformly externally supported by the aerogel, these pockets could be structurally less bulky than traditional bladders of lift-gas (still need to be impermeable, but without the inflate-stretching of rubber, can be a more 'delicate but efficient' material, perhaps [https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/online/27257/Graphene-displays-unexpected-permeability graphene]). You could (also?) coat the outside of the aerogel, but adding an arbitrarily large envelope of such a membrane around helium-infused aerogel and then adding more (normally aerated) aerogel onto the outside as additional buffer/structural precaution might be wise(r), as you go ship-hunting...  [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.61|141.101.98.61]] 15:22, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It seems ChatGPT was use to write the description text? The contributor share in on XKCD's euphoria channel: https://chat.openai.com/share/02006f2e-cca5-4518-8fb4-f9176b39512e [[Special:Contributions/188.114.111.117|188.114.111.117]] 16:04, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What aerogel would break down in water? From what I've seen, I thought most aerogel was made of silica? (There's actually no gel left in an aerogel; the gel is replaced by gases.) Is this an error produced by ChatGPT? Since my searches just now have turned up no mention of aerogel being made water soluble, I'm removing that statement for now; if someone has a citation supporting it, we could add it back in? [[User:ProphetZarquon|ProphetZarquon]] ([[User talk:ProphetZarquon|talk]]) 20:28, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Wikipedia has a section on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel#Waterproofing waterproofing aerogels] which talks about &amp;quot;hyrodoxyl groups...causing [the aerogel] to catastrophically dissolve in the water&amp;quot;. However, the [https://www.vsl.cua.edu/cua_phy/images/c/cf/Aerogel_Aerlon_SilicaAerogels.pdf source it cites] clarifies that this is only for aerogels made with a certain process. Other aerogels can be easily made that invert the hydrodoxyl groups and prevent structural breakdown, resulting in hydrophobic aerogels. I presume Black Hat would be smart enough to get his chemistry right. I agree with removing that part.[[User:Fifteen12|Fifteen12]] ([[User talk:Fifteen12|talk]]) 01:20, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Silica is so hydrophilic that when a drop of water contacts a silica aerogel, the aerogel rips itself apart to soak into the water. Or so I have read about the early research on aerogels. It's why the gel has to be dried by supercritical extraction rather than just by evaporation/heating. [[User:BunsenH|BunsenH]] ([[User talk:BunsenH|talk]]) 19:43, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Unsurprisingly, the information I learned back when aerogels were newly discovered is out of date. But it appears that good-quality silica aerogel, and pieces of any significant size, [http://www.aerogel.org/?p=1433#:~:text=It%20is%20possible%20to%20make,superinsulating%20abilities%20without%20supercritical%20drying. still require supercritical drying.] [[User:BunsenH|BunsenH]] ([[User talk:BunsenH|talk]]) 19:50, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why not filling the aerogel with hydrogen? You might save for torpedoes then. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 21:24, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God himself couldn't sink this ship.&amp;quot; That's just giving Murphy a temptation far too great to resist. Naval architect Thomas Andrews, the leader of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Titanic&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;'s design team, knew exactly how much damage his ship could sustain and stay afloat, and he knew that the damage inflicted by the iceberg was too great to sustain. He [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Andrews#Death did not survive the sinking.] [[Special:Contributions/172.69.33.82|172.69.33.82]] 22:12, 15 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wouldn't helium be a better choice for the low-mass pursuit iceberg? Not only is hydrogen even lighter than helium, it can combust when exposed to heat and oxygen, making the limited kinetic energy of a collision less relevant. [[User:GreatWyrmGold|GreatWyrmGold]] ([[User talk:GreatWyrmGold|talk]]) 14:28, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Assume you meant &amp;quot;Wouldn't hydrogen be a better choice...&amp;quot;, from context/rest of your argument. In which case, pperhaps a floating(-in-air!) iceberg that attacks just the ''one'' ship is considered less efficient than one which can (potentially) attack several..? [[Special:Contributions/172.70.85.205|172.70.85.205]] 15:31, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:An hydrogen-filled &amp;quot;airberg&amp;quot; would also be easier to dispatch by firing at it remotely, igniting the hydrogen. An helium one wouldn't have that weakness. Black Hat would have anticipated this. [[User:Ralfoide|Ralfoide]] ([[User talk:Ralfoide|talk]]) 17:19, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since an _iceberg_ is made of ice, how would be called an helium-filled one? &amp;quot;hellberg&amp;quot;? &lt;br /&gt;
I posit that the generic term would be an &amp;quot;airberg&amp;quot;. [[User:Ralfoide|Ralfoide]] ([[User talk:Ralfoide|talk]]) 17:19, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I did some calculations, based on the data that, at 0 degrees C and sea level, a cubic meter of either hydrogen or helium will lift 1 kilogramme (close enough) of mass, and the average Iceberg Alley iceberg has a mass of 100,000 tonnes. I worked out that, to lift that &amp;quot;average iceberg&amp;quot;, one would need a cube of lifting gas 500 m (five average USA city blocks) per side. If this is correct, the challenge of fitting that cube of gas inside the average iceberg is (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;ahem&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) nontrivial. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.34.40|172.69.34.40]] 17:45, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:How about if you used ''liquid'' helium, the same lift in a smaller volume? ''(/jk!)'' [[Special:Contributions/172.71.242.62|172.71.242.62]] 18:49, 16 September 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The 'Lusitania' was sank by torpedoes fired from underwater.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2827:_Brassica&amp;diff=323667</id>
		<title>2827: Brassica</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2827:_Brassica&amp;diff=323667"/>
				<updated>2023-09-12T00:18:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */ dey have terrible grammar&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2827&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = September 11, 2023&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Brassica&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = brassica_2x.png&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize = 327x319px&lt;br /&gt;
| noexpand  = true&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Sequoia Brussels sprouts are delicious but it's pretty hard to finish one.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a field of Sequoia cabbage - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;{{w|Brassica oleracea}}&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a plant species, to which many vegetables that we eat belong. These vegetables look strikingly different from each other; compare, for example, {{w|cabbage}}, {{w|broccoli}}, {{w|kale}} and {{w|Brussels sprouts}}. There are 24 listed on Wikipedia that all look different. These different cultivars all originated from wild cabbage, having evolved into several different forms via (primarily) human selection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here we see someone (presumably a botanist) point out that the &amp;quot;Mighty Redwood&amp;quot; (presumably the Coast Redwood,  &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;{{w|Sequoiadendron sempervirens}})&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; also belongs to this species. Since the Coast Redwood is a {{w|conifer}}, while &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;B. oleracea&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; is a {{w|Flowering plant}}, the two species are about as different, in classification as well as what they look like, as it is possible to get without leaving the land plant lineage. If the presumed botanist can get away with this, they can probably get away with just about anything. The caption suggests that botanists, perhaps including the tour guide in the cartoon, attempt this from time to time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to Sequoia Brussels sprouts. The reference is probably to the Giant Sequoia, (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;{{w|Sequoiadendron giganteum}}&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;), a close relative of the Coast Redwood. &amp;quot;Resinous&amp;quot; is probably a more apt adjective than &amp;quot;delicious&amp;quot;, and they're probably woody.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:: [Cueball, Megan and another Cueball are standing in front of a large tree.  It is about six meters in diameter and about the bottom eight to ten meters are visible.]&lt;br /&gt;
:: Cueball: Did you know the Mighty Redwood is actually the same species as broccoli and kale? It's just a different cultivar.&lt;br /&gt;
:: Another Cueball: Wow!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:: [Caption below the panel]&lt;br /&gt;
:: Every year or two, botanists add another plant to Brassica oleracea and see if anyone calls them on it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1732:_Earth_Temperature_Timeline&amp;diff=323244</id>
		<title>1732: Earth Temperature Timeline</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1732:_Earth_Temperature_Timeline&amp;diff=323244"/>
				<updated>2023-09-05T00:07:21Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1732&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = September 12, 2016&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Earth Temperature Timeline&lt;br /&gt;
| before    = [[#Explanation|↓ Skip to explanation ↓]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = earth_temperature_timeline.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = [After setting your car on fire] Listen, your car's temperature has changed before.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{TOC}} &lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic is a [[:Category:Timelines|timeline]] on how the temperature has changed from 20,000 BCE (Before {{w|Common Era}}) to the present day (2016), with three predictions for the rest of the 21st century depending on what actions are taken (or not taken) to stop CO₂ emission. This comic is a direct, but much more thorough, follow up on the previous global warming comic: [[1379: 4.5 Degrees]]. By having readers scroll through millennia of slow-paced natural changes, Randall uses the comic to confront the rapid temperature rise in recent years. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Over the past 100 years, human action has produced a large amount of {{w|CO₂ emissions}}, which have caused a rise in average global temperature through the {{w|greenhouse effect}}. This is called {{w|global warming}} and is part of a {{w|climate change}}, a subject that has become a [[:Category:Climate change|recurrent subject]] on xkcd. There are still many people who claim that this is not happening, or at least that it is not caused by any human actions, called {{w|Climate change denial|climate change deniers}}. One argument of theirs is that global warming is happening for natural causes, summarized with the phrase &amp;quot;temperature has changed before&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic shows that while temperature changes have indeed occurred before, the speed of the current temperature rise is much, much faster than those measured for many previous thousands of years. The comic became so popular that [[Randall]] [[#Popularity_of_comic|postponed the release]] of his next comic to keep this one on the front page one day longer. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The temperature curve is a dotted line most of the time, but from about 1850 to 2016 the measurement data is good enough to let the curve become a solid line indicating that this is not an estimate. Before 1850 the temperature is an estimate based on the [[#Sources|sources]] given. And likewise into the future the three possible curves are also dotted to show that they are predictions, based on how seriously the population of Earth takes knowledge (and comics) like this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although this is a topic Randall obviously takes very seriously, and by far most of the facts fit with known history, he still includes several [[#Jokes in the comic|jokes in the comic]]. See also the [[#Table of all elements|table]] explaining each item in the comic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text compares the saying that &amp;quot;the temperature has changed before&amp;quot; comparing temperature changes over thousands of years to the rapid global warming over the last century with saying that the &amp;quot;small&amp;quot; changes to the temperature a car experiences over the years of normal usage should not make you worried over the rapid temperature increase that happens when someone sets your car on fire. Randall previously used this joke in [[1693: Oxidation]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Jokes in the comic===&lt;br /&gt;
* By placing the invention of the internet at 1980 in the chart, just where the temperature curve starts its most rapid increase, Randall humorously implies that the internet caused the rise in temperature.&lt;br /&gt;
* At 13600 BCE a glacier is shown retreating from New York because of the warm up. It is disgusted by the new changes and proclaims: ''That’s it! I’m moving to Canada!'' This is a joke on [https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/want-to-move-to-canada-if-trump-wins-not-so-fast-100658/ an idiom said by US citizens] to protest against changes in their country. As shown in the chart, the glacier takes 5000 years (13600-8400 BCE) to cross what would become the Canadian border (neither the United States nor Canada existed yet).{{citation needed}} Also, glaciers don't speak English, or any language for that matter.{{Citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
* At 13400 BCE it is mentioned that {{w|origin of the domestic dog|humans domesticate dogs}}. [[Megan]] talks to a wolf about to be tamed making a deal with it, that it can eat and sleep with the humans as long as they can yell at it for pooping indoors. This sounds like a sweet deal for the wolf until [[Cueball]] mentions that they will {{w|Dog breeding|breed}} it to be {{w|Chihuahua (dog)|very small}} and then dress it up in small {{w|Dog's fashion|costumes}}. The wolf says wait, but it is already too late...&lt;br /&gt;
* The {{w|Pokémon}} reference at 9000 BCE about them going extinct in North America (although Megan, immediately underneath, does note that this is not a real fact). As the writing stated that ''Pokemon go extinct'' this can also be seen as a reference to a popular video game called {{w|Pokémon Go}} and hence also the comic [[1705|1705: Pokémon Go]].&lt;br /&gt;
* At 4500 BCE, next to &amp;quot;{{w|Proto-Indo-European language}} develops&amp;quot;, [[Ponytail]] gets the idea to develop the language heavily inflected to make it difficult to remember all the verb endings for future students. This is a direct reference to the comic [[1709: Inflection]].&lt;br /&gt;
* The reference to the 1984 {{w|mockumentary}} about the fake rock band {{w|This Is Spinal Tap}} in conjunction with {{w|Stonehenge}} at 2200 BCE. In the movie the band ordered a giant 18 feet Stonehenge megalith but a writing mistake gives them one that is only 18 inches high.&lt;br /&gt;
**Another real band {{w|Nine Inch Nails}} is referenced 15000 BCE where Megan writes the band's stylized name NIИ on the wall next to [[Hairy]] who is in the process of painting the {{w|cave painting}} at {{w|Lascaux}} in France.&lt;br /&gt;
* Around the setting of the {{w|Iliad}} and the {{w|Odyssey}} (1200 BCE) a drawing of the {{w|Trojan Horse}} has writing on it that states: ''Not a trap''. &lt;br /&gt;
* Just below the previous entry also at 1200 BCE is the mentioning of the invasion of the {{w|Sea Peoples}}. This sounds so much like a reference to {{w|Mermaid|mermaids}}, often called {{w|Mermaid#One_Thousand_and_One_Nights|sea people}} that Randall feels the need to note that this invasion and these sea people is ''a real thing'' in a [[Footnote|footnote]]. This is opposed to the Pokémon reference above where he notes that it is ''not a real fact''. The sea people was a seafaring confederation of groups known to have attacked ancient Egypt and other Bronze age civilizations around this time. It is widely regarded to be one of the major causes of the {{w|Late Bronze Age collapse|Bronze Age Collapse}}.&lt;br /&gt;
* The reference at 450 BCE compares the {{w|Battle of Thermopylae}} (also known as 300 Spartans) with the dramatized 2007 movie ''{{w|300 (film)|300}}'', but in the real world the fighting of course occurred [https://youtu.be/FCfdyroV7kc?t=12 at regular speed and with more clothing].&lt;br /&gt;
*There are other minor jokes but this list mentions all the major jokes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Table of all elements===&lt;br /&gt;
*Here is table including all elements in the chart with explanations including reading off temperature and year for each event from the curve.&lt;br /&gt;
**The year group is just an easy way to find the section.&lt;br /&gt;
**Element is a description mainly taken from the transcript. &lt;br /&gt;
**The actual year of an event has been read off more precisely on the chart.&lt;br /&gt;
***The central part of the element has mainly been used.&lt;br /&gt;
***Only rarely has ranges below 100 years been used but if a location is clearly midway between two hundred years intervals 50 year range has been used. &lt;br /&gt;
***Only when there are several posts close to each other has smaller range been used a few times.&lt;br /&gt;
**T (°C) is the number of degrees Celsius above or below the 1961-1990 average, which on this graph is set to zero, (i.e. not the number of physical degrees above or below this 0°C).&lt;br /&gt;
***These have been read of to 0.1°C rounding up or down. Lines have been inserted over the chart, 10 for each degree, to make this as accurate as possible.&lt;br /&gt;
***In a few cases where a maximum is reached 0.05°C has been used&lt;br /&gt;
**Explanation of each element.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Year group&lt;br /&gt;
!Element&lt;br /&gt;
!Year&lt;br /&gt;
!T (°C)&lt;br /&gt;
!Explanation&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 20000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [An arrow goes from the dotted line to the central line at 0°C (representing the 1961-1990 average). In the middle of the line there is a temperature label:] 4.3°C&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;At the start of our timeline, 22,000 years ago, Earth is 4°C colder than during the late 20&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;th&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; century. || 20000 BCE || -4.3 || The scale here is relative, showing the magnitude of change rather than an absolute temperature reading. As a rule, {{w|climate}} changes are compared with a 30 year interval, and  the 1961-1990 average was {{w|Climate#Definition|chosen for convenience}} as the &amp;quot;normal&amp;quot; to compare temperature changes with, but any other choice of baseline would show the exact same changes. The {{w|Last glacial period}} (aka ice age) reached its {{w|Last Glacial Maximum|maximum extent}} approximately 22 to 24 thousand years ago.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Boston}} is buried under almost a mile of ice, and the {{w|glaciers}} reach as far south as {{w|New York City}}.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [The Statue of Liberty is shown in front of a glacier front. [[Knit Cap]] is seen in the snowy landscape. The skyline of Boston is shown under a half a mile of ice.] || 19700 BCE || -4.3 || This shows what a difference 4 degree in global temperature means (massive effect), as opposed to four degrees on a daily weather wise scale (trivial). The Boston image is directly taken from [[1225: Ice Sheets]] about the ice age glacier coverage; it was also shown buried in ice in [[1379: 4.5 Degrees]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 19500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| But the world is about to warm up. || 19500 BCE|| -4.3 || The warming process actually takes thousands of years, which this comic will portray down thousands of pixels to come. This is not a fast warm up, especially not compared to the one we are currently experiencing (at the bottom of the chart).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| By this time, humans have already spread across {{w|Africa}}, {{w|Eurasia}}, and {{w|Australia}}. || 19300 BCE || -4.3 || {{w|Homo Sapiens}} successfully {{w|Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans#Movement_out_of_Africa|migrated out of Africa}} somewhere between {{w|Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans#Dating:_pre-or_post-Toba|130,000}} and {{w|Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans#Coastal_route|70,000}} BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| They’ve created {{w|painting}}, {{w|pottery}}, {{w|rope}}, and {{w|Bow and arrow|bows and arrows}}, but haven’t developed {{w|writing}} or {{w|farming}}. || 19100 BCE || -4.3 || The {{w|History of painting#Pre-history|oldest known paintings}} date back to about 38,000 BCE. The {{w|Ceramic_art#History|oldest known pottery}} date back to about 20,000 BCE. The {{w|Rope#History|oldest known rope}} date back to about 26,000 BCE. The {{w|History_of_archery#Stone_Age_and_Bronze_Age_archery|oldest known arrows}} date back to about 70,000 BCE, but Randall seems to be mistaken about the bows which seems to be {{w|History_of_archery#Stone_Age_and_Bronze_Age_archery|at most 10,000 years old}}. Writing is mentioned again at 3500 BCE and farming at 10,000 BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 19000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Changes in the Earth’s orbit mean that more sunlight reaches the polar ice… || 18600 BCE || -4.2 ||{{w|Milankovitch cycles}} are repeated climate variations on a timescale of tens of millennia caused by cyclic variations in {{w|Orbital eccentricity|eccentricity}}, {{w|axial tilt}}, and {{w|precession}} of the {{w|Earth's orbit}}, which thus then determined climatic patterns on Earth. The Milankovitch cycles are referenced again around 4700 BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [A line chart with a labeled Y-axis &amp;quot;Summer sun W/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; at 60°N&amp;quot; with three labeled ticks ranging from 450-550. The curve starts up and then goes down five times and up four times ending down. There is one plateau towards the end compared to the rest of the curve where the ups and downs are quite alike.] || 18600 BCE || -4.2 || The chart shows the input of sun during summer time in the {{w|Northern hemisphere}} (at {{w|60° northern latitude}}) as the effect (W) per square meter (m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;) which fluctuated in the range from 450-550 during the time shown in the chart. There is, however, no scale for the time between the peaks. This chart relates to the text about increasing sun to the polar ice in the entry above.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 18500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [A map of the world. At the top is a light gray area covering {{w|North America}}, {{w|Greenland}} and northern {{w|Europe}} and most of the northern part of {{w|Russia}}. A similar gray area covers {{w|Antarctica}}. The gray areas are labeled as ice.] || 18300 BCE || -4.2 || This [[:Category:Maps|map]] shows where the ice covered the {{w|northern hemisphere}} (and Antarctica) during the {{w|Last Glacial Maximum}}. The continents have not moved much since then, but the lower water level caused by the amount of water bound up in the ice, can clearly be seen in several locations. For instance, the {{w|British islands}}, Greenland, and {{w|Papua New Guinea}} are connected to their respective neighboring continents. Also {{w|Alaska}} and Russia are connected through the ice sheets covering the northern part of the Earth.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 18000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| …And the ice sheets start to melt. || 17900 BCE || -4.1 || This was a slow process that takes 10,000 years. The ice is mentioned again at 13,600 and 8400 BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 17500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Temperatures have been creeping upward, but around this point, CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; levels start to climb…|| 17300 BCE || -4.1 || Due to the release of gasses from various sources (dissolved in the ocean, trapped in {{w|permafrost}}, etc), {{w|Carbon dioxide in Earth's_atmosphere#Measuring ancient-Earth carbon dioxide concentration|atmospheric CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; levels}} increased by 100 parts per million over a span of thousands of years. Modern civilization has added the same amount in a single century.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 17000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| …And then the warming speeds up. || 16700 BCE || -4.1 || It took 3000 years for the temperature to increase with one degree. So this sentence can be seen as sarcasm about the rate of natural climate change compared to modern {{w|anthropogenic}} (human caused) warming.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 16500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [Cueball is standing with a spear just the right of the graph talking to a rabbit.]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Cueball: Still pretty cold. || 16200 BCE || -4.0 || True, because although the temperature has risen with 0.3°C over the last 4000 years, it's still 4°C below the 1961-1990 average.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 16000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [Megan touches the dotted line to the right of her, with Ponytail standing on the other side. The graph has finally passed the -4°C line below the 1961-1990 average.] || 15600 BCE || -3.9 || Megan is the first drawing on the left side of the curve. She seems to be pushing the temperature up.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [In the right part of the chart is an explanation of the data. Below the first two lines there are four drawings each showing possible temperature swings in reality compared to the smoothed data that represents the dotted curve of the entire chart. The dotted curve is shown in all four drawings and a thin line is shown running along it but with much more fluctuation left and right on the first two, a large spike right on the third and a large bump way right on the fourth. Above these there are two labels. The first labels is inside a bracket that covers the first three, and the last label is for the last drawing. Below is a list of sources.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Limits of this data: &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Short warming or cooling spikes might be “smoothed out” by these reconstructions but only if they’re small or brief enough. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Possible Unlikely&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Reconstructions are from Shakun (2012) and Marcott (2013), scaled to Annan + Hargreaves (2013) estimate for the last glacial period. || 15600 BCE || -3.9 || This is Randall's pre-emptive response to skepticism about the accuracy of prehistoric data. {{w|Ice cores}} and similar records might miss individual year-to-year variation, but should catch sustained changes lasting many decades, which is the time scale that matters for climate. See links to the [[#Sources|sources below]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 15500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| In what is now {{w|France}}, humans paint murals on the walls of the {{w|Lascaux}} caves &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [Hairy paints three animals, two with horns, and two humans, Cueball holding hand with Hairy who has a spear. On the other side of the central line Megan writes three letters, the last of which is reversed:] NIИ || 15200 BCE || -3.8 || A reference to the industrial techno band {{w|Nine Inch Nails}} as Megan writes the bands stylized name NIИ on the wall next to Hairy who is in the process of painting part of the {{w|cave paintings}} at Lascaux in France.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 15000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Ice sheets around {{w|Alaska}} shrink, exposing a land bridge between Asia and North America &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [From around the bottom if this section and down to 11500 BCE the dotted curve moved steadily to the right towards warmed temperature peaking close to 1.5°C below the 1961-1990 average. Before this the temperature had not moved much away from that at the start.] || 14600 BCE || -3.5 || This land bridge is known as {{w|Beringia}}. It is mentioned again at 8300 when it disappears due to the rising seas.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 14500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [Cueball walks right looking back at the graph behind him. Megan walks in front of him pointing further right.]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Cueball: Cool.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Humans reach {{w|North America}}. || 14200 BCE || -3.3 || This is approximately when the humans from {{w|Asia}} crossed the land bridge mentioned in the previous entry, from what is now {{w|Siberia}} to what is now {{w|Alaska}}. {{w|Settlement of the Americas}} occurred around the time shown in the chart, although {{w|Settlement_of_the_Americas#Chronology|it's possible}} that earlier humans did so by boat prior to the formation of the land bridge.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Cueball's comment is a double entendre; it was figuratively &amp;quot;cool&amp;quot; that early people migrated this far, and the climate was literally cool compared to modern times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 14000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| The edge of the ice withdraws from {{w|New York City}} and retreats north. || 13700 BCE || -3.1 || Even though the ice began to melt 4000 years before (at 18,000 BCE in the chart) it is first now that New York City is free of ice.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [A large glacier front speaks in a speech bubble with an arrow pointing at it. Behind is there are four peaks in the horizon and in front of it three small melting pools and some rocks on the ground.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Glacier: ''That’s it! I’m moving to Canada!'' || 13600 BCE || -3.0 || When US citizens are unhappy with changes in their country, they sometimes say they will move to Canada in protest. Here it is the glacier that is anthropomorphically unhappy with the climate changes. However this is a slow process; it crosses the Canadian border more than 5000 years later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 13500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Humans domesticate dogs &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; (Date uncertain, may be much earlier) || 13400 BCE || -3.0 || See {{w|Origin of the domestic dog}}. This timeline event is not quite accurate. The first dogs differentiated from {{w|Gray wolf|wolves}} about {{w|Origin_of_the_domestic_dog#Time_of_domestication|23,500 years ago}}, but there was an event around 13500 BCE that increased the population size and may be attributable to domestication events.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| [Megan and Cueball is watching a wolf looking at them.]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Megan: Okay, you can live in our homes and we’ll feed you, but we’ll still get mad if you poop on the floor. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Wolf: Deal. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Cueball: And we get to breed you to be tiny and dress you in little costumes. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Wolf: …Wait. || 13100 BCE || -2.8 || Megan is making a deal with the wolf that it can eat and sleep with the humans as long as they can yell at it for pooping indoor. This sounds like a sweet deal for the wolf until Cueball mentions that they will {{w|Dog breeding|breed}} it to be {{w|Chihuahua (dog)|very small}} and then dress it up in small {{w|Dog's fashion|costumes}}. The wolf says wait, but it is already too late...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 13000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Woolly Rhino}} goes extinct || 12900 BCE || -2.7 || Mainland woolly rhinos died in the {{w|Quaternary extinction event}}, but a small island population survived until {{w|Woolly_rhinoceros#Extinction|around 8000 BCE}}. Woolly rhinos likely became extinct in part due to {{w|Holocene extinction|over-hunting}}. Randall's choice of species on this chart seems to focus on animals that were greatly affected by humans, for good or ill.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Oregon}} is scoured by huge floods as glacial dams burst and lakes of meltwater flow to the sea || 12600 BCE || -2.2 || This is a reference to the {{w|Missoula Floods}} several cataclysmic floods that swept periodically across eastern {{w|Washington}} and down the {{w|Columbia River Gorge}} flooding much of eastern Washington and the {{w|Willamette Valley}} in western Oregon at the end of the last ice age. During the last {{w|deglaciation}} ice dams formed then burst several times between 13,000 and 11,000 BCE. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 12500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Ice sheets withdraw from Chicago || 12200 BCE || -1.8 || The next step towards the Canadian border, after they left New York at 13,600 BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 12000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Humans settle {{w|Abu Hureyra}} in {{w|Syria}} || 11550 BCE || -1.6 || A well-preserved prehistoric village that existed from 11,000 to 7000 BCE (a little later than noted in the chart), allowing archaeologists to study how their culture developed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 11500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [An arrow on the left side of the dotted curve is pointing down along the dotted curve and to the left indicate temperature is declining again, meaning the dotted curve now moves left to colder temperatures. This only continues until 10500 BCE. It is only the second time something is noted on the left side after Megan at 16000 BCE] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Temperatures start to decline, mainly in the Northern hemisphere&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; This may be caused by changes in ocean circulation due to the floods of cold fresh meltwater flowing into the Atlantic as the North American ice sheet melts. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; This cooler period is called the {{w|Younger Dryas}} || 11300 BCE || -1.6 || In the Younger Dryas, the Earth cooled by almost one degree over 1000 years. There were {{w|Outburst flood#Glacial_floods_in_North_America_.288.2C000_to_15.2C000_years_ago.29|several floods}} during the end of the ice age but the most famous is the one from {{w|Lake Agassiz}}.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;A similar but less global effect could occur if the ice on {{w|Greenland}} melts too quickly and causes a {{w|shutdown of thermohaline circulation}}. Without the {{w|Gulf Stream}}, hot water would remain in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean instead of warming the {{w|North Atlantic}} and Europe. The movie {{w|The Day After Tomorrow}} dramatized a worse-than-worst-case version of this, happening in days instead of centuries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 11000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [This is the first text to the left of the dotted curve:] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Humans reach {{w|Argentina}} || 10900 BCE || -1.8 || The earliest evidence of {{w|Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina#Prehistory|humans in Argentina}}.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Finally the temperature graph has risen enough that there is space to write text on the left side of the curve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 10500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [An arrow pointing down along the right side of the dotted curve and to the right indicate temperature is increasing again, meaning the dotted curve now moves right to hotter temperatures. This continues until 8000 BCE where it levels out just above the 1961-1990 average.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Warming resumes || 10500 BCE || -1.8 || After 1000 years of slightly decreasing temperatures the warm up of Earth resumes. Over the next 3000 years the temperature increases 2.5°C, reaching a long plateau about 0.5°C above the 1961-1990 average around 7500 BCE.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Human settlements at {{w|Jericho}} ||10050 BCE || -1.4 || The {{w|Jericho#Pre-Pottery_Neolithic.2C_c._9500_BCE|first permanent settlement}} on the site of Jericho occurred around 9500 BCE, but there is evidence of {{w|Jericho#Natufian_hunter-gatherers.2C_c._10.2C000_BCE|non permanent settlement}} during this period, when cold and drought made permanent habitation in that region difficult.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 10000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| First development of {{w|farming}} || 9750 BCE || -1.1 || This is now called the {{w|Neolithic Revolution}}, i.e. the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of {{w|Hunter-gatherer|hunting and gathering}} to one of {{w|agriculture}} and settlement. The {{w|history of agriculture}} began independently in several locations with both {{w|domestication}} of animals and the farming of different {{w|cereals}}. One of the first regions to develop farming was the {{w|Fertile Crescent}}.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;This is also around this time that the last ice age is said to have ended.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 9500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Saber-toothed cat}} goes extinct || 9200 BCE || -0.3 || Although one of these (Smilodon) was known as the {{w|saber-toothed tiger}}, most saber-toothed &amp;quot;cats&amp;quot; are not related to tigers, or any modern {{w|cats}} at all, but can be viewed as examples of convergent evolution. {{w|Smilodon}} became extinct around 8000 BCE, and the last Saber-toothed cat first became extinct around 7000 BCE, which does not fit very well with Randall's range. Indirectly humans may have caused the extinction of the Saber-toothed cat by over-hunting their {{w|megafauna}} prey, depriving the cats of food sources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Horses}} disappear from {{w|North America}} || 9100 BCE || -0.2 || The {{w|evolution of the horse}} began millions of years ago in North America; early species {{w|Evolution_of_the_horse#Miocene_and_Pliocene:_true_equines|migrated across Beringia into Eurasia}} before their predecessors {{w|Evolution_of_the_horse#Pleistocene_extinctions|died out}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;| 9000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| | Last North American {{w|Pokémon}} go extinct &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [Cueball with a spear and Megan is looking up at this last “fact”.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Megan: That is not a real fact. || 8900 BCE || -0.1 || Pokemon are not real {{Citation needed}}. This faux-extinction is likely a reference to the {{w|Pokémon Go}} game, which Randall spoofed in [[1705|1705: Pokémon Go]]. Virtual Pokémon now thrive throughout the entire world, and are most commonly found near [http://time.com/4443225/pokemon-go-affluent-white-neighborhoods-report/ affluent first world neighborhoods].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Temperatures reach modern levels || 8800 BCE || 0.0 || It took 11,200 years for the temperature to increase 4.3°C. It's possible that human-created effects will produce an equal change in a few hundred years.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Rising seas cut off the {{w|land bridge}} between North America and Asia || 8700 BCE || 0.1 || {{w|Beringia}} was freed of ice in 15,000 BCE. This is an example of what happens when the temperature rises and glaciers melt. Sea levels are rising again as ice on {{w|Greenland}} and {{w|Antarctica}} continues to melt.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Cattle}} domesticated || 8500 BCE || 0.2 || Cattle feature prominently in the comic [[1338: Land Mammals]].&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 8500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Ice sheets retreat across the Canadian border || 8400 BCE || 0.3 || Finally the glacier that began retreating from New York around 13,600 BCE succeeded in moving to Canada as it had threatened to do... &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Temperatures start to level out slightly above 1961-1990 levels || 8050 BCE || 0.4 || The next 3000 years the temperature stays within 0.2°C degree of a temperature 0.5°C above the 1961-1990 average. A very long and stable period.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 8000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [The above sentence breaks over the 8000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; line. From here a maximum in temperature on the chart is reached at 0.5°C above the 1961-1990 average, which will not be overtaken until 2000 CE. It stays almost constant here until 5000 BCE where a slight cooling begins.] || 8000 BCE || 0.4 || This is the only five hundred year span with no events listed fully inside. Maybe because nothing happens with the temperature.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 7500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| This warm, stable period is called the {{w|Holocene Climate Optimum}} || 7400 BCE || 0.5 || Some skeptics like to say &amp;quot;[http://www.skepticalscience.com/10000-years-warmer.htm it was warmer in the Holocene].&amp;quot; This is no longer true. Global temperature began encroaching Holocene levels in 1998, and has equaled or possibly exceeded them since 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Jiahu}} settled in China || 7050 BCE || 0.5 || Jiahu is another prehistoric settlement, similar to Abu Hureyra (12000 BCE), that was extensively studied by archaeologists.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 7000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Final collapse of the North American ice sheet leads to rapid 2-4m sea level rise… || 6800 BCE || 0.55 || The temperature almost reached 0.6°C above the 1961-1990 average before this happened and caused the slight decrease in temperature mentioned below.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [A small arrow points down and left to the right of the dotted curve. There is a small decrease in temperature but it is very small and would have been missed without the arrow and label.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;…And a period of cooling in the Northern hemisphere || 6550 BCE || 0.5 || A 0.05 degree decrease in 200 years again refers to the theme of slow natural climate change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 6500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| As seas rise to near their modern levels, Britain is cut off from mainland Europe || 6300 BCE || 0.45 || This is a reference to the flooding of {{w|Doggerland}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;| 6000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Humans develop copper metalworking || 5600 BCE || 0.5 || The {{w|copper age}} was relatively brief before humans discovered how to make {{w|bronze}}.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 5500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Massive volcanic eruption in {{w|Oregon}} creates crater lake || 5300 BCE || 0.55 || {{w|Crater Lake}} is the caldera at the top of Mount Mazama, a collapsed stratovolcano. If it erupted again, it could become a Somma volcano (see [[1714: Volcano Types]]).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Gold}} metalworking || 5050 BCE || 0.6 || The temperature peaks here at just a bit more than 0.6°C above the 1961-1990 average. It will not rise above this level until the global warming sets in in the 1900s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 5000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Invention of the wheel}} || 4900 BCE || 0.6 || Wheels are one of the most important inventions of humanity. They feature in many xkcd comics, such as [[1075: Warning]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the right of the dotted curve is an arrow pointing down and slightly left. From here temperature decreases very slowly but steadily from 0.5°C above the 1961-1990 average until 1000 BCE where a stable plateau is reached around the 1961-1990 average.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Earth begins to cool slowly mainly due to regular cycles in its orbit || 4800 BCE || 0.5 || Again a reference to the {{w|Milankovitch cycles}} mentioned in detail at 18,600 BCE. Here they cause a cooling rather than a heating as they did back then.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 4500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Proto-Indo-European language}} develops || 4400 BCE || 0.5 || Most of the languages in Europe, the Middle East, and India share a surprising number of common roots. PIE is the theoretical ancestor from which they descend. Randall mentions this language family in many comics, such as [[890: Etymology]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the right of the curve Ponytail holds up a hand towards Cueball.]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Ponytail: Let’s make our language heavily inflected, so future students have to memorize a zillion verb endings!&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Cueball: Okay! || 4400 BCE || 0.5 || Ponytail gets the idea to develop the language heavily inflected to make it difficult to remember all the verb endings for future students and Cueball is okay with that. This is a direct reference to the comic [[1709: Inflection]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Permanent settlements in the {{w|fertile crescent}} || 4200 BCE || 0.5 || The Fertile Crescent is one of those things you're supposed to remember from grade school. A lot of historic milestones happened there, such as the pyramids of Giza, the code of Hammurabi, and the Abrahamic religions.&lt;br /&gt;
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|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 4000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| Horses domesticated || 3950 BCE || 0.5 || Horse riding was the greatest advance in land travel until the invention of engines. Horses appear in many xkcd comics, such as [[936: Password Strength]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Minoan culture}} arises on Crete || 3700 BCE || 0.5 || Minoan culture invented many strange and wonderful things, such as the Labyrinth at Knossos and {{w|Bull-leaping}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;| 3500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Egyptian mummification}} || 3500 BCE || 0.5 || xkcd has discussed mummification in {{what if|134|What If? 134: Space Burial}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Rise of the {{w|Indus Valley civilization}} || 3300 BCE || 0.5 || The largest bronze-age civilization.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Invention of {{w|writing}} in {{w|Sumer}} “{{w|prehistory}}” ends, “{{w|history}}” begins || 3200 BCE || 0.5 || Our knowledge of prehistoric events must rely on digging up artifacts and making inferences. After this time, it became possible to find descriptions of past people and events, which is the definition of history. (Old guy in Sumer: Kids these days with their new-fangled stone tablets, instead of using their memory...)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Earliest human whose name we know (Pharaoh {{w|Iry-Hor}} in Egypt) || 3100 BCE || 0.5 || The first named person we know of today! This was also mentioned as a &amp;quot;cool fact&amp;quot; in the title text of [[1355: Airplane Message]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot;| 3000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors}} period in China || 2800 BCE || 0.4 || The temperature has finally dropped below 0.5°C above the 1961-1990 average after almost 2000 years of cooling from 0.6°C above the 1961-1990 average.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Gilgamesh}} || 2700 BCE || 0.4 || Gilgamesh was probably a Sumerian king whose tales were exaggerated into mythology.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Imhotep}} || 2600 BCE || 0.4 || Imhotep was not a pharaoh, but a wise commoner who was elevated to chancellor, high priest, and post-mortem divinity. &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Maya civilization|Mayan}} culture emerges || 2600 BCE || 0.4 || Like the ancient Egyptians, Mayans are remembered for pyramids and {{w|logograph}}s.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Great Pyramid}} constructed || 2650 BCE || 0.4 || xkcd has discussed pyramids in [[1717: Pyramid Honey]] and {{what if|95|What If? 95: Pryamid Energy}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 2500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Corded Ware culture}} in Europe || 2500 BCE || 0.3 || The term Corded Ware was invented by an archaeologist; no civilization actually called themselves that.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the left of the curve two rock musicians with long hair and electrical guitars are standing on either side of a small gate made of three slabs of stone, one on top of the other two standing stones.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{w|Stonehenge}} completed || 2200 || 0.3 || This is a reference to the 1984 {{w|mockumentary}} about the fake rock band {{w|This Is Spinal Tap}}. In the movie the band wanted a giant Stonehenge prop 18 feet high, but a writing mistake gives them one that is only 18 inches.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Chariots}} developed || 2000 BCE || 0.3 || But {{w|Chariots of Fire}} came much later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 2000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Alphabetic writing}} developed in Egypt || 1750 BCE || 0.2 || Obligatory reference to xkcd [[1069: Alphabet]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Last {{w|mammoth}}s on a tiny Siberian island go extinct || 1650 BCE || 0.2 || Many of the {{w|Pleistocene megafauna}} died in the {{w|Quaternary extinction event}}. Like the {{w|woolly rhino}} (see 12900 BCE) these animals likely became extinct in part due to {{w|Holocene extinction|humans hunting them}}, which may be why Randall included them in the chart. Most of the mammoths died out before 8000 BCE but {{w|Woolly_mammoth#Extinction|some survived in remote areas}} and the last known population died on {{w|Wrangel Island}} in the {{w|Arctic Ocean}} around 2000 BCE, slightly earlier than Randall shows here.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Minoan eruption}} || 1600 BCE || 0.2 || This volcano may have led to the downfall of Minoan civilization. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;5&amp;quot;| 1500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Iron smelting}} || 1400 BCE || 0.1 || The beginning of the {{w|Iron Age}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Olmec}} civilization develops in Central America || 1350 BCE || 0.1 || No, Maggie, not Aztec, [http://vimeo.com/34002760 Olmec].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [A Trojan horse with two Cueball-like guys in front and a third standing on its back. Its back is at three Cueball’s height and its head rises to the level of the Cueball on its back. It stands on a platform with four wheel on the visible side. There is text on the horse]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Setting of the ''{{w|Iliad}}'' and the ''{{w|Odyssey}}''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Text on horse: Not a trap || 1250 BCE || 0.1 || A reference to the {{w|Trojan War}} qua the drawing of the {{w|Trojan Horse}}. The horse was a big trap letting the soldiers hidden inside it into {{w|Troy}}. This explains why it has ''Not a trap'' written on it. Else they would not have taken the giant wooden horse present from their sworn enemies into their city just like that... Note that the Trojan horse isn't mentioned in the Iliad, and only recalled in passing by the characters in the Odyssey.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Invasion of the {{w|Sea peoples}}* &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;* A real thing || 1200 BCE || 0.1 || {{w|Mermaid#One_Thousand_and_One_Nights|Sea people}} might sound like a reference to mythical {{w|mermaid}}s, so Randall feels the need to footnote that this event was ''a real thing'' (as opposed to his Pokémon reference, which he notes is ''not a real fact''). The sea peoples were a seafaring confederation of groups known to have attacked ancient Egypt around this time.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Polynesians}} explore the Pacific Ocean || 1000 BCE || 0.1 || {{w|Polynesian navigation}} was surprisingly widespread.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot;| 1000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [From 1000 BBC to 1000 CE the temperature is stable and very close to the 1961-1990 average.] || 1000 BCE || 0.1 || The temperature has fallen from the Holocene Optimum by half a degree to just a bit above the 1961-1990 average. It will stay in this range for the next 2000 years.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Solomon}} || 1000 BCE || 0.1 || Solomon may have been a real historical king, but he probably did not threaten to chop a baby in half.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Iliad}} and {{w|Odyssey}} composed || 900 BCE || 0.1 || These classic myths were written more than 300 years after their supposed events. Archaeologists believe the city of {{w|Troy}} existed (and was destroyed by war around the right time period), but characters like Helen, Odysseus, and Achilles did not.&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| Rise of {{w|Greek city-states}} || 800 BCE || 0.1 || This is ''Sparta'', along with Athens and several others.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Neo-Assyrian Empire}} || 800 BCE || 0.1 || Hi, you may remember us from such kings as Adad-nirari and Sennacherib.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Ancient Olympic Games|First Olympics}} || 750 BCE || 0.1 || The first of the ancient Olympic Games is traditionally dated to 776 BC.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Zapotec civilization|Zapotec}} writing in modern Mexico || 600 BCE || 0.0 || Another Central American culture that fell to the Spanish invasion.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Confucius}} || 550 BCE || 0.0 || &amp;quot;He who knows all the answers has not been asked all the questions.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot;| 500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| The stuff in the {{w|300 (film)|movie ''300''}}, but regular speed and with more clothing || 450 BCE || 0.0 || A reference to the {{w|Battle of Thermopylae}} by comparison with the 2007 movie ''300'' about this battle. The real Spartans wore armor, and real humans don't [http://www.google.com/search?q=300+slow-motion fly through the air in slow motion when struck].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Buddha}} || 450 BCE || 0.0 || Randall also mentions other religious figures like {{w|Jesus}} and {{w|Muhammad}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Nazca Lines}} || 350 BCE || 0.0 || These huge ancient drawings are difficult to see from ground level, leading some people to believe that they were intended for aliens.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Alexander the Great}} || 350 BCE || 0.0 || One of the most successful conquerors of the iron age, known for supposedly cutting the {{w|Gordian Knot}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Mayan hieroglyphics}} || 250 BCE || 0.0 || The {{w|Maya Calendar}} was probably created hundreds of years later.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Ashoka the Great}} || 250 BCE || 0.0 || The {{w|Edicts of Ashoka}} proselytized Buddhism across the continent.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Paper}} invented || 200 BCE || 0.0 || A significant step up from stone tablets or even papyrus.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Asterix}} || 100 BCE || 0.0 || Fictional main character in ''The Adventures of Asterix'', a comic series set around 50 BCE when {{w|Julius Caesar}} conquered {{w|Gaul}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w| Teotihuacan|Teotihuacán}} metropolis || 100 BCE || 0.0 || Another ancient city much beloved by archaeologists, even though they don't know who built it.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Julius Caesar}} || 50 BCE || 0.0 || Aside from being a conqueror, dictator, and deity, Julius had a big impact on {{w|Julian Calendar|calendars}}. The month of Quintilis was renamed July to honor him, and he was famously assassinated on the ides (middle day) of March.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot;|1 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;1 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [Instead of a zero, there are two numbers for each of the two scales before (1 BCE) and after Christ (1 CE)] || 0 CE || -0.1 || Originally the year range went directly from 1 BC to 1 AD. The year zero has since been added for ease of mathematical and astronomical calculations.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Roman Empire}} || 1 CE || -0.1 || Julius never held the title &amp;quot;Emperor&amp;quot;; his adoptive son Augustus was the first to do so.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Jesus}} || 1 CE || -0.1 || Randall also mentions other religious figures like {{w|Buddha}} and {{w|Muhammad}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the left and erupting volcano.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{w|Pompeii}} || 100 CE || -0.1 || The volcano is {{w|Mount Vesuvius}} which exploded in 79 CE and is famous for burying everyone in the close by city Pompeii preserving peoples bodies inside the huge amount of ash that swallowed the city very rapidly. Today it has given the archeologist lots of knowledge about the culture of that time.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Three Kingdoms}} period || 250 CE || -0.1 || Not just a series of movies and video games, but an actual thing that happened in China.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Gupta empire}} || 700 CE || -0.1 || Not as great as Ashoka, but still a pretty important time in the history of India.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Various groups take turns sacking {{w|Rome}} || 550 CE || -0.1 || 500 years is a pretty successful span for an empire.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Attila the Hun}} || 550 CE || -0.1 || He probably would not mind being remembered as one of the most infamous barbarians in history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot;| 500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Muhammad}} || 600 CE || 0.0 || Randall also mentions other religious figures like {{w|Buddha}} and {{w|Jesus}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Tang Dynasty}} || 750 CE || 0.0 || A golden age in China, responsible for the development of printing, gunpowder, and many other advances.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [An arrow to the right of the dotted curve pointing down, takes a swing far out from the curve and then bends back again. The text label next to it breaks into the next 500 period. The dotted curve stays stable at the 1961-1990 average along this arrow.] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{w|Medieval warm period}} in Europe and some northern regions (too regional to affect the global average much) || 900 CE || 0.0 || Changes in ocean currents caused various regions to warm up while others cooled.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Leif Eriksson}} || 950 CE || 0.0 || Probably the first European explorer to reach North America.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot;| 1000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the left a drawing of a compass with needle pointing the black end towards north east. There are labels for the four main directions (N, S, W, E) and a label next to it:]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; {{w|Magnetic compass}} navigation || 1050 CE || 0.0 || It's much easier to sail to the Orient when you can orient yourself.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [The dotted curve moves to the left towards lower temperature reaching a minimum around 1650 CE of about 0.6°C below the 1961-1990 average at the {{w|Little Ice Age}}.] || 1150 CE || -0.1 || This less than half a degree drop in temperature over 500 years was enough to cause the &amp;quot;Little Ice Age&amp;quot; which resulted in extended ice coverage in the winters in instance Europe. See more below at the entry for the Little Ice Age.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Genghis Khan}} || 1200 CE || -0.2 || Mongol emperor. {{w|Gengar}} is not named after him, but [http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Kangaskhan_(Pokémon) Kangaskhan] and [http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Khal the Khals] are.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Zheng He}}’s fleet explores Asia and Africa || 1400 CE || -0.3 || He explored farther than European contemporaries like Dias or de Gama.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Aztec Empire|Aztec Alliance}} || 1400 CE || -0.3 || Aztec dominance only lasted a century until Cortes arrived, but their cultural legacy is indisputable.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Printing press}} || 1450 CE || -0.3 || {{w|Johannes Gutenburg}} ushered in the {{w|Age of Enlightenment}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Christopher Columbus|Columbus}} || 1490 CE || -0.3 || The time given here references when Christopher Columbus reached the {{w|Americas|New World}} in 1492. The five events around 1500 CE lies very close together but it fits with Columbus fitted in just before 1500.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 1500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|European Renaissance}} || 1500 CE || -0.3 || From here on, the chart has labels for each 100 year increment instead of 500, but the scale stays the same. Important events happens so much faster in these last five hundred years, there isn't enough space to write all of them, so Randall has had to be selective. He includes {{w|Isaac Newton}} but leaves out {{w|Albert Einstein}}, includes {{w|airplane}}s but leaves out {{w|car}}s, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Shakespeare}} || 1600 CE || -0.4 || xkcd references Shakespeare many times, such as [[79: Iambic Pentameter]] and [[1026: Compare and Contrast]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 1600 &lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Isaac Newton|Newton}} || 1650 CE || -0.4 || Isaac Newton appears in various xkcd comics, such as [[626: Newton and Leibniz]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [To the right of the dotted curve there is an arrow pointing down that makes a swing in towards the curve and then back out again. This is the coldest it has been since 9500 BCE. It is labeled:]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ”{{w|Little Ice Age}}” || 1650 CE || -0.4 || This was not a true geologic Ice Age, just a slightly chilly period when the temperature fell a fraction of a degree,  but still colder than it had been through 11,000 years of human civilization. In Europe the winters were so cold that the river {{w|Thames}} {{w|Little_Ice_Age#Europe|froze over}} hard enough to hold {{w|River Thames frost fairs}} between 1607 and 1814. And in 1658 {{w|Sweden}} crossed the {{w|Danish Straits}} on foot to invade {{w|Copenhagen}} in the {{w|March Across the Belts}}. It was only possible due to the harsh winters of the Little Ice Age, demonstrating how much half a degree of climate change can mean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 1700&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Steam engines}} || 1750 CE || -0.4 || The {{w|Age of Steam}} heralded the upsurge of human CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|United States Declaration of Independence|Unites States Independence}} || 1770 CE || -0.3 || On July 4, 1776.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 1800&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Industrial Revolution}} || 1825 CE || -0.3 || Not to be confused with {{w|Industrial music}} such as Nine Inch Nails.&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Electrical telegraph|Telegraphs}} || 1830 CE || -0.3 || [https://youtu.be/4OLWJ1TMuNE?t=55s -. --- .-- --..-- / - .... . / -- --- - .... . .-. / --- ..-. / ... .- -- ..- . .-.. / -- --- .-. ... . / .- .-.. .-- .- -.-- ... / ... . -. - / - .... . / .-.. .- -.. / --- ..- - / --- -. / .- / .... --- .-. ... .]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [After this the dotted curve becomes solid.] || 1850 CE || -0.3 || From 1850 weather records became sufficiently accurate and widespread to greatly improve the precision of climate measurements. Hence the curve stops being an estimate and thus also stops being a dotted curve and becomes solid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot;| 1900&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Airplane}}s || 1900 CE || -0.3 || xkcd discusses airplanes many times, such as [[726: Seat Selection]] and {{what if|30|30: Interplanetary Cessna}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|World Wars}} || 1930 CE || -0.2 || Likewise, there are many xkcds on this topic, such as [[261: Regarding Mussolini]] and {{what if|100|100: WWII Films}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [The solid line takes a step to the right close to the 1961-1990 average. Over the rest of the 1900s it moves closer to the 1961-1990 average, crossing it before 2000 where it almost reaches the maximum temperature of 0.5 °C above the 1961-1990 average from earlier in 8000 BCE.] || 1940 CE || -0.2 || This is what the previous 14000 pixels of comic has been leading up to. After a laborious 20 millennia of gradual and meandering climate change, it should be clear that a full degree of warming in a single century is unprecedented in human history, and very unlikely to be natural variation.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Fossil fuel}} CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions start rapidly increasing || 1950 CE || -0.1 || The infamous [http://www.skepticalscience.com/Hockey-stick-or-hockey-league.html &amp;quot;hockey stick&amp;quot;] starts around here.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Nuclear weapons}} || 1950 CE || -0.1 || The Working Group on the 'Anthropocene' suggests dating the {{w|Anthropocene}} epoch from ~1950. The week after this comic [[1736: Manhattan Project]] with a mushroom cloud was released.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Internet}} || 1980 CE || 0.1 || The origin of the internet dates back to 1960 but it began growing rapidly in 1980. By placing the invention of the {{w|internet}} at 1980 in the chart, just where the temperature curve starts its most rapid increase, Randall uses this [[552: Correlation|correlation]] to humorously imply that the internet caused the rise in temperature.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; This is also where the temperature crosses the 1961-1990 average, which has to happen somewhere due to the {{w|Intermediate Value Theorem}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 2000&lt;br /&gt;
| {{w|Northwest Passage}} opens || 2000 CE || 0.4 || This was dramatic evidence that the climate had changed. When global warming removes enough sea ice to create shipping routes that never existed before, then it is clear to people that ''something'' is changing, even if they disregard who/what is responsible for the change.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[From here to present day the solid line increases rapidly and in 2016, present day, is almost reaches 1°C above the 1961-1990 average, with about 0.8°C above the 1961-1990 average.] || 2016 CE || 0.8 || '''Notice''': [http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php?a=11&amp;amp;p=2 Warming did not stop] in 1998.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 2016&lt;br /&gt;
| | Present day || 2016 CE || 0.8 || Today, just after the two hottest months ever measured since 1850 had ended (July and August 2016), this comic was released with the message displayed very clearly here below. Act now or fry...&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [From here the curve once again becomes dotted as this is the future. After one dot it splits in two and after the first two dots another split between them occurs forming three possible future dotted curves.] || 2016 CE || 0.8 || Here stops the data and the projection into the future begins so the curve again becomes dotted. Three different scenarios are depicted.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|The first curve bending down before the others, and thus to the right of the other two reaches about 1.2°C above the 1961-1990 average and then goes straight down and stops at the 2100 line. An arrow points to it from the left and a label is written partly before and the rest after the 2100 line to the left of the curve:] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Best-case scenario assuming immediate massive action to limit emissions || 2100 CE || 1.2 || If humanity does all in its power to stop global warming we might be able to halt the global warming already before 2050 keeping the maximum temperature to just 1.2°C above the 1961-1990 average. Only 0.4°C above today's temperature.  (Note that this is not, in fact, the absolute best-case scenario, as it assumes that no new greenhouse gasses are either added to or removed from the atmosphere in the future; the temperature rise could be kept to an even lower level if some or all of the already-emitted greenhouse gasses were removed from the atmosphere.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 2100&lt;br /&gt;
| [The middle curve bends a little down after reaching 1.3°C above the 1961-1990 average, and then continues this path reaching 2°C above the 1961-1990 average in 2100. An arrow point from below to it and a label is written below the curve and below 2100 line:] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Optimistic scenario|| 2100 CE || 2.0 || If all the current realistic preventions are implemented, which might not be so realistic, then we may not even stop the warming but slow it down so we &amp;quot;only&amp;quot; reach 2°C above the 1961-1990 average in 2100 CE but it would not stop there. This is half the temperature change experienced since the ice age, but the other way. This was directly referenced in the title text of [[1379: 4.5 Degrees]]: ''That's only HALF an ice age unit (IAU), which is probably no big deal.''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [The last line continues along the path from the last 16 years of the solid line reaching 4.2°C above the 1961-1990 average at 2100, almost as far on the other side of the 1961-1990 average in 150 years as it took 14,000 years to move from the other side from the start of the chart. Another arrow point to this from below with a label below the curve and below 2100 line:] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Current Path || 2100 CE || 4.2 || In this last scary scenario Randall assumes the temperature keeps rising steadily by extrapolating along the slope of the last two to three years. Randall has warned about the hazards of [[Extrapolating]], but this line is in fact [http://www.skepticalscience.com/climate-best-to-worst-case-scenarios.html below the worst case predictions]. If this comes true we will reach a temperature increase taking us from the 1961-1990 average and in just 125 years to 4.2°C above this average. That is just as far above this average in that short time span as the ice age temperature was below. And it took more than 11,000 years for nature to reach such an increase. Randall already contemplated what this would be like in the +1 ice age unit (IAU) panel of [[1379: 4.5 Degrees]] two years ago, as well as in [[164: Playing Devil's Advocate to Win]] almost 10 years ago. He may get to ''enjoy quite a ride'' as he &amp;quot;wished&amp;quot; for back then. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no reason to assume the temperature will not keep rising past 2100 CE, so the {{w|Cretaceous Thermal Maximum|&amp;quot;Hothouse Earth&amp;quot;}} of the early {{w|Cretaceous period}} mentioned in the 4.5 degree comics +2 IAU panel might come to pass in future centuries if we continue on our current path. On the bright side, modern civilization might collapse if this trend keeps up, which would drastically cut our releases of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. But then again, positive feedback from methane in melting {{w|permafrost}} might take over... Good luck Earth.&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sources===&lt;br /&gt;
The image attributes climate data sources as &amp;quot;Shakun et al. (2012), Marcott et al. (2013), Annan and Hargreaves (2013), HadCRUT4, IPCC&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
* Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Peter U.; He, Feng; Marcott, Shaun A.; Mix, Alan C.; Liu, Zhengyu; Otto-Bliesner, Bette; Schmittner, Andreas; Bard, Edouard (2012-04-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160520043848/http://www.atm.damtp.cam.ac.uk/mcintyre/shakun-co2-temp-lag-nat12.pdf &amp;quot;Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation&amp;quot;] (PDF). ''Nature''. '''484''' (7392): 49–54. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature10915 10.1038/nature10915]. ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687 1476-4687]. Archived from [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature10915 the original] on 2016-05-20.&lt;br /&gt;
* Marcott, Shaun A.; Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Peter U.; Mix, Alan C. (2013-03-08). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130412021608/https://content.csbs.utah.edu/~mli/Economics%207004/Marcott_Global%20Temperature%20Reconstructed.pdf &amp;quot;A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11,300 Years&amp;quot;] (PDF). ''Science''. doi:[https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1228026 10.1126/science.1228026]. Archived from [https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1228026 the original] on 2013-04-12.&lt;br /&gt;
* Annan, J. D.; Hargreaves, J. C. (2013-02-13). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200728042751/https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/367/2013/cp-9-367-2013.pdf &amp;quot;A new global reconstruction of temperature changes at the Last Glacial Maximum&amp;quot;] (PDF). ''Climate of the Past''. '''9''' (1): 367–376. doi:[https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fcp-9-367-2013 10.5194/cp-9-367-2013]. ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1814-9324 1814-9324]. Archived from [https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/367/2013/ the original] on 2020-07-28.&lt;br /&gt;
* {{w|HadCRUT|HadCRUT (Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit Temperature)}} - [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut4/ Official site] &lt;br /&gt;
* {{w|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change}} - [http://www.ipcc.ch/ Official site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Note''' there are several spelling errors in the comic, so please do only correct spelling errors that are not part of the comic! See more in the [[#Trivia|trivia section]].&lt;br /&gt;
:[A large heading, followed by a sub-caption. Below that two lines with a statement in between:]&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;A timeline of Earth’s average temperature&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:since the last ice age glaciation&lt;br /&gt;
:When people say “The climate has changed before,” these are the kinds of changes they’re talking about.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[A very long chart below the headings above is headed with a label for the scale of the X-axis above the chart. Below that a sub-caption. To the left an arrow down to the top of the chart pointing to the dotted curves starting point (at -4.3°C below the 1961-1990 average) with a label above the arrow. And arrow pointing left to the left of the center and another pointing right to the right of the center has labels. Below these is the temperature scale of the X-axis, with 9 ticks between the borders each with a label ranging from -4 to +4°C compared to the 1961-1990 average, but with another step in each direction not labeled towards to axis so the chart covers -5 to +5°C compared to the 1961-1990 average.]&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Temperature'''&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Compared to the 1961-1990 average&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:Start&lt;br /&gt;
:Colder&lt;br /&gt;
:Warmer&lt;br /&gt;
:-4°C -3°C -2°C -1°C 0°C +1°C +2°C +3°C +4°C&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[To the right of the chart is a gray text standing on the side down along the outer boarder of the chart with the sources for the chart:]&lt;br /&gt;
: &amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;gray&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Source: Shakun et. al. (2012) , Marcott et. al. (2013), Annan and Hargreaves (2013) , HadCRUT&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, IPCC &amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[The chart is split in 10 columns by the temperature scale and the borders. The two central columns are white, and then from there to the left the background becomes a faded color that changes from light blue to blue at the edge in four steps. Similarly to the right the color changes from light red to red. To the left there is a time scale taking 500 years leaps from 20,000 BCE all the way to year 1, where there are two years, one for BBC and one for CE. The 500 year leaps continue until 1500 CE and from there the steps are down to 100 years until 2100 with also present day 2016 labeled. After 1500 the CE is omitted. The labels stop there, but there is space below covering down to 2200 CE. There is clearly visible division line across the chart on the level of each of the 500 step, and fainter lines for each of the 100 steps all the way even though only the last 5 of these 100 steps are labeled. There is a similar clear line at 2016. Below each step on the Y-axis is noted, and then any text starting before the next step is noted below indented. If there are extra image belonging to text this is indented once more. The graph that the whole chart is about is a dotted line that begins at the “start” point mentioned above at -4.3°C and then begins to go straight down. It will change left and right all the way down. To being with all text and most drawings are to right of the dotted curve. Whenever something is to the left it will be noted. When it says to the left above something, and then nothing over the next, then the next will be to the right. Only at the very bottom are there more entries to the left than right. ]&lt;br /&gt;
:20000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[An arrow goes from the dotted line to the central line at 0°C. In the middle of the line there is a temperature label:]&lt;br /&gt;
::4.3°C&lt;br /&gt;
::At the start of our timeline, 22,000 years ago, Earth is 4°C colder than during the late 20&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;th&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; century.&lt;br /&gt;
::Boston is buried under almost a mile of ice, and the glaciers reach as far south as New York City.&lt;br /&gt;
:::[The Statue of Liberty is shown in front of a glacier front. A very tiny Cueball is on top of the glacier. The drawing is labeled and so is also the glacier.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::New York&lt;br /&gt;
:::Ice&lt;br /&gt;
:::[Cueball (wearing a knit cap with a pom-pom is seen walking in a snowy landscape leaving black footprints behind him. He walks through the white central part of the chart.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::[The skyline of Boston is shown with two clear buildings among all the other. Above it is a line and in between this area has been filled with thin lines. The drawing is labeled and so is this area. Also the skyline has an arrow pointing at it with a label:]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Boston&lt;br /&gt;
:::Ice&lt;br /&gt;
:::Modern skyline&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:19500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::But the world is about to warm up.&lt;br /&gt;
::By this time, humans have already spread across Africa, Eurasia, and Australia.&lt;br /&gt;
::They’ve created painting, pottery, rope, and bows and arrows, but haven’t developed writing or farming.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:19000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Changes in the Earth’s orbit mean that more sunlight reaches the polar ice…&lt;br /&gt;
:::[A line chart with a labeled Y-axis with three labeled ticks. The curve starts up and then goes down five times and up four times ending down. There is one plateau towards the end compared to the rest of the curve where the ups and downs are quite alike.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Summer sun W/m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; at 60°N&lt;br /&gt;
:::550&lt;br /&gt;
:::500&lt;br /&gt;
:::450&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:18500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[A map of the world. At the top is a light gray area covering North America, Greenland and northern Europe and most of the northern part of Russia. A similar gray area covers Antarctica. There are two labels in the gray area above and one in the gray area below:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Ice Ice&lt;br /&gt;
::Ice&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:18000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::…And the ice sheets start to melt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:17500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Temperatures have been creeping upward, but around this point, CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; levels start to climb…&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:17000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::…And then the warming speeds up.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:16500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[Cueball is standing with a spear just the right of the graph talking to a rabbit.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Cueball: Still pretty cold.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:16000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[Megan points to the graph to the right of her and between her and Ponytail standing on the other side. Mean is the first drawing on the left side of the dotted curve, which has hardly moved since the beginning, only to just on the other side of 4°C.]&lt;br /&gt;
::[In the right part of the chart is an explanation of the data. Below the first two lines there are four drawings each showing possible temperature swings in reality compared to the smoothed data that represents the dotted curve of the entire chart. The dotted curve is shown in all four drawings and a thin line is shown running along it but with much more fluctuation left and right on the first two, a large spike right on the third and a large bump way right on the fourth. Above these there are two labels. The first labels is inside a bracket that covers the first three, and the last label is for the last drawing. Below is a list of sources.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Limits of this data:&lt;br /&gt;
::Short warming or cooling spikes might be “smoothed out” by these reconstructions but only if they’re small or brief enough.&lt;br /&gt;
:::Possible Unlikely&lt;br /&gt;
::Reconstructions are from Shakun (2012) and Marcott (2013), scaled to Annan + Hargreaves (2013) estimate for the last glacial period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:15500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::In what is now France, humans paint murals on the walls of the Lascaux caves&lt;br /&gt;
::[Hairy paints three animals, two with horns, and two humans, Cueball holding hand with Hairy who has a spear. On the other side of the central line Megan writes three letters, the last of which is reversed.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::NIИ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:15000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Ice sheets around Alaska shrink, exposing a land bridge between Asia and North America&lt;br /&gt;
::[From around the bottom if this section and down to 11500 BCE the dotted curve moved steadily to the right towards warmed temperature peaking close to -1.5°C. Before this the temperature had not moved much away from that at the start.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:14500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[Cueball walks right looking back at the graph behind him. Megan walks in front of him pointing further right.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Cueball: Cool.&lt;br /&gt;
::Humans reach North America.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:14000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::The edge of the ice withdraws from New York City and retreats North.&lt;br /&gt;
::[A large glacier front speaks in a speech bubble with an arrow pointing at it. Behind is there are four peaks in the horizon and in front of it three small melting pools and some rocks on the ground.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Glacier: ''That’s it! I’m moving to Canada!''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:13500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Humans domesticate dogs&lt;br /&gt;
::(Date uncertain, may be much earlier)&lt;br /&gt;
::[Megan and Cueball is watching a wolf looking at them.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Megan: Okay, you can live in our homes and we’ll feed you, but we’ll still get mad f you poop on the floor.&lt;br /&gt;
::Wolf: Deal.&lt;br /&gt;
::Cueball: And we get to breed you to be tiny and dress you in little costumes.&lt;br /&gt;
::Wolf: …Wait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:13000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[Randall did not use the normal spelling for Woolly Rhino, but this is an accepted alternative spelling:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Wooly Rhino goes extinct&lt;br /&gt;
::Oregon is scoured by huge floods as glacial dams burst and lakes of meltwater flow to the sea&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:12500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Ice sheets withdraw from Chicago&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:12000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Humans settle Abu Hureyra in Syria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:11500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[An arrow on the left side of the dotted curve is pointing down along the dotted curve and to the left indicate temperature is declining again, meaning the dotted curve now moves left to colder temperatures. This only continues until 10500 BCE. It is only the second time something is noted on the left side after Megan at 16000 BCE]&lt;br /&gt;
::Temperatures start to decline, mainly in the Northern hemisphere&lt;br /&gt;
::This may be caused by changes in ocean circulation due to the floods of cold fresh meltwater flowing into the Atlantic as the North American ice sheet melts.&lt;br /&gt;
::This cooler period is called the Younger Dryas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:11000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[This is the first text to the left of the dotted curve:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Humans reach Argentina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:10500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[An arrow pointing down along the right side of the dotted curve and to the right indicate temperature is increasing again, meaning the dotted curve now moves right to hotter temperatures. This continues until 8000 BCE where it levels out just above 0°C.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Warming resumes&lt;br /&gt;
::Human settlements at Jericho&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:10000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::First development of farming&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:9500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Saber-toothed cat goes extinct&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Horses disappear from North America&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:9000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left, Randall spelled Pokémon wrong:]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Last North American Pokemon go extinct&lt;br /&gt;
:::[Cueball with a speak and Megan is looking up at this last “fact”.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Megan: That is not a real fact.&lt;br /&gt;
::Temperatures reach modern levels&lt;br /&gt;
::Rising seas cut off the land bridge between North America and Asia&lt;br /&gt;
::Cattle domesticated&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:8500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Ice sheets retreat across the Canadian border&lt;br /&gt;
::Temperatures start to level out slightly above 1961-1990 levels&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:8000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[The above sentence breaks over the 8000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; line. From here a maximum in temperature on the chart is reached at 0.5°C which will not be overtaken until 2000 CE. It stays almost constant here until 5000 BCE where a slight cooling begins.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:7500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::This warm, stable period is called the Holocene Climate Optimum&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Jiahu settled in China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:7000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Final collapse of the North American ice sheet leads to rapid 2-4m sea level rise…&lt;br /&gt;
::[A small arrow points down and left to the right of the dotted curve. There is a small decrease in temperature but it is very small and would have been missed without the arrow and label.]&lt;br /&gt;
::…And a period of cooling in the Northern hemisphere&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:6500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::As seas rise to near their modern levels, Britain is cut off from mainland Europe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:6000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Humans develop copper metalworking&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:5500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Massive volcanic eruption in Oregon creates crater lake&lt;br /&gt;
::Gold metalworking&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:5000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Invention of the wheel&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left. To the right of the dotted curve is an arrow pointing down and slightly left. From here temperature decreases very slowly but steadily from 0.5°C until 1000 BCE where a stable plateau is reached around 0°C.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Earth begins to cool slowly mainly due to regular cycles in its orbit&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:4500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
:: Proto-Indo-European language develops&lt;br /&gt;
:::[To the right of the curve Ponytail holds up a hand towards Cueball.]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Ponytail: Let’s make our language heavily inflected, so future students have to memorize a zillion verb endings!&lt;br /&gt;
:::Cueball: Okay!&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Permanent settlements in the fertile crescent&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:4000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Horses domesticated&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Minoan culture arises on Crete&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:3500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Egyptian mummification&lt;br /&gt;
::Rise of the Indus Valley civilization&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Invention of writing in Sumer “prehistory” ends, “history” begins&lt;br /&gt;
::Earliest human whose name we know&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Pharaoh Iry-Hor in Egypt)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:3000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''Three Sovereigns and five emperors'' period in China&lt;br /&gt;
::Gilgamesh&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Imhotep&lt;br /&gt;
::Mayan culture emerges&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Great Pyramid constructed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:2500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Corded Ware culture in Europe&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left of the curve two rock musicians with long hair and electrical guitars are standing on either side of a small gate made of three slabs of stone, one on top of the other two standing stones.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Stonehenge completed&lt;br /&gt;
::Chariots developed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:2000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Alphabetic writing developed in Egypt&lt;br /&gt;
::Last mammoths on a tiny Siberian island go extinct&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Minoan eruption&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Iron smelting&lt;br /&gt;
::Olmec civilization develops in Central America&lt;br /&gt;
::[A Trojan horse with two Cueball-like guys in front and a third standing on its back. Its back is at three Cueball’s height and its head rises to the level of the Cueball on its back. It stands on a platform with four wheel on the visible side. There is text on the horse]&lt;br /&gt;
:::Setting of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey''&lt;br /&gt;
:::Text on horse: Not a trap&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Invasion of the Sea peoples*&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;* A real thing&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Polynesians explore the Pacific Ocean&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[From 1000 BBC to 1000 CE the temperature is stable and very close to 0°C.]&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Solomon&lt;br /&gt;
::Illiad [sic] and Odyssey composed &lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Rise of Greek city-states&lt;br /&gt;
::Neo-Assyrian empire&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::First Olympics&lt;br /&gt;
::Zapotec writing in modern Mexico&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Confucius&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::The stuff in the 300 (film)|movie ''300'', but regular speed and with more clothing&lt;br /&gt;
::Buddha&lt;br /&gt;
::Nazca Lines&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Alexander the Great&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Mayan hieroglyphics&lt;br /&gt;
::Ashoka the Great&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Paper invented&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Asterix&lt;br /&gt;
::Teotihuacán metropolis&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Julius Caesar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[At the year 0, there is instead two numbers for each of the two scales before and after Christ:]&lt;br /&gt;
:1 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;BCE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:1 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Roman Empire&lt;br /&gt;
::Jesus&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left and erupting volcano.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Pompeii&lt;br /&gt;
::Three Kingdoms period&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Gupta empire&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Various groups take turns sacking Rome&lt;br /&gt;
::Attila the Hun&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::Muhammad&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Tang Dynasty&lt;br /&gt;
::[An arrow to the right of the dotted curve pointing down, takes a swing far out from the curve and then bends back again. The text label next to it breaks into the next 500 period. The dotted curve stays stable at 0°C along this arrow.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Medieval warm period in Europe and some northern regions (too regional to affect the global average much)&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Leif Eriksson&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1000 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::[The dotted curve moves to the left towards lower temperature reaching a minimum around 1650 of about -0.6°C at the Little Ice Age.]&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left a drawing of a compass with needle pointing the black end towards north east. There are labels for the four main directions and a label next to it:]&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;W E&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:::&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;S&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:::Magnetic compass navigation&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Ghengis [sic] Khan &lt;br /&gt;
::Zheng He’s fleet explores Asia and Africa&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Aztec Alliance &lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Printing press&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Columbus&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1500 &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;CE&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::European Renaissance&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Shakespeare&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1600 &lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Newton&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the right of the dotted curve there is an arrow pointing down that makes a swing in towards the curve and then back out again. At -0.6°C this is the coldest it has been since 9500 BCE. It is labeled:]&lt;br /&gt;
::”Little Ice Age”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1700&lt;br /&gt;
::Steam engines&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Unites States Independence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1800&lt;br /&gt;
::Industrial Revolution&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Telegraphs&lt;br /&gt;
::[After this the dotted curve becomes solid.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:1900&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left, and on the line for 1900:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Airplanes&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::World Wars&lt;br /&gt;
::[The solid line takes a step to the right close to 0°C. Over the rest of the 1900s it moves closer to 0°C crossing it before 2000 where it almost reaches the maximum temperature of 0.5 °C from earlier in 8000 BCE.]&lt;br /&gt;
::Fossil fuel CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions start rapidly increasing&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Nuclear weapons&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Internet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:2000&lt;br /&gt;
::Northwest Passage opens&lt;br /&gt;
::[From here to present day the solid line increases rapidly and in 2016 present day is almost reaches 1°C, with about 0.8°C.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:2016&lt;br /&gt;
::[To the left on the line for 2016:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Present day&lt;br /&gt;
::[From here the curve once again becomes dotted as this is the future. After one dot it splits in two and after the first two dots another split between them occurs forming three possible future dotted curves. The first curve bending down before the others, and thus to the right of the other two reaches about 1.2°C and then goes straight down and stops at the 2100 line. An arrow points to it from the left and a label is written patly before and the rest after the 2100 line to the left of the curve:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Best-case scenario assuming immediate massive action to limit emissions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:2100&lt;br /&gt;
::[The middle curve bends a little down after reaching 1.3°C and then continues this path reaching 2°C in 2100. An arrow point from below to it and a label is written below the curve and below 2100 line:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Optimistic scenario&lt;br /&gt;
::[The last line continues along the path from the last 16 years of the solid line reaching 4.2°C at 2100, almost as far on the other side of 0°C in 150 years as it took 14000 years to move from the other side from the start of the chart. Another arrow point to this from below with a label below the curve and below 2100 line:]&lt;br /&gt;
::Current Path&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*There have been several ''[[:Category:Large drawings|large drawings]]'' in the history of xkcd, some of which are bigger than this one (for instance [[1110: Click and Drag]]). &lt;br /&gt;
**Among those that can be viewed in one go, without downloading a larger file or moving around, this is by far the longest.&lt;br /&gt;
*The timeline starts at 20,000 BCE (22,000 years ago) and ends at 2100 CE, thus covering 22,100 years.&lt;br /&gt;
*There are several spelling mistakes. &lt;br /&gt;
**Most obvious is the second time Randall wrote the word &amp;quot;Iliad,&amp;quot; because he just spelled it correctly at 1500 BCE and then spelled it ''Illiad'' at 1000 BCE with two Ls.&lt;br /&gt;
**Attila the Hun was initially misspelt ''Atilla the Hun'' with ''one'' T and ''two'' Ls, but this was corrected at some point.&lt;br /&gt;
**Genghis Khan is misspelt as ''Ghengis Khan'' (a common error).&lt;br /&gt;
**Pokémon is spelled ''Pokemon'', but then again, that is not so strange for Randall (see [[1647: Diacritics]]). Despite that, he usually spells it correctly, as in [[1705|1705: Pokémon Go]].&lt;br /&gt;
**Note that the fact that woolly rhinoceros becomes ''Wooly rhino'' with only one l is not a spelling mistake but an alternative spelling of the word.&lt;br /&gt;
*The following notable facts are absent&lt;br /&gt;
**1850: methodical temperature record begins. However, this fact is indirectly indicated when the temperature curve becomes solid around 1850 and until present day.&lt;br /&gt;
**The entire swing period between 20 and 200 thousand years prior to now would depict temperature swings with increasing frequency and amplitude (ref geological record). But of course, this could not be included in a comic that only goes back to 20,000 BCE. &lt;br /&gt;
**During much of the 300 million years prior to that, the Earth was significantly warmer than now. However, the data's temporal precision decreases with age; seemingly abrupt changes millions of years ago might have happened over centuries or millennia. Hence, the older data is not usable to compare rates of change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Popularity of comic===&lt;br /&gt;
This comic received attention from a much broader audience than most xkcd comics. It was discussed admiringly by news sites such as [https://www.popsci.com/xkcd-earth-average-temperature-timeline Popular Science], [https://reason.com/blog/2016/09/14/send-around-this-xkcd-climate-change-web Reason], [https://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2016/09/13/xkcd_takes_on_global_warming.html Slate], [https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-comic-masterfully-shows-how-climate-has-changed-through-time-180960451/ Smithsonian], [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2016/09/13/heres-22000-years-of-climate-changes-in-a-single-comic/ Forbes], [https://www.vox.com/2016/9/12/12891814/climate-change-xkcd-graphic Vox], [https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/14/493925781/epic-climate-cartoon-goes-viral-but-it-has-one-key-problem NPR], [https://qz.com/780391/xkcd-tells-the-entire-history-of-humanity-and-climate-change-in-one-cartoon-chart/ Quartz], [https://www.sciencealert.com/why-4-5-million-years-of-fluctuating-global-temperatures-can-t-explain-climate-change-today Science Alert] and [https://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-xkcd-comic-20696 Climate Central]. It was promoted by famous individuals such as [https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/775632728548970500 Elon Musk] and even [https://twitter.com/unfccc/status/776129715799224320 twitted by the UN council on Climate Change], and obviously hated on by vocal {{rw|climate_change|climate change deniers}} and {{rw|crank|cranks}} such as [https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/53poul/josh_takes_on_xkcds_climate_timeline/ Anthony Watts]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;{{rw|Anthony_Watts|debunked}}&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and [https://joannenova.com.au/2016/09/how-to-make-climate-graphs-look-scary-a-reply-to-xkcd/ Joanne Nova]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;{{rw|Joanne_Nova|debunked}}&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more {{rw|rationalist}} critiques of this chart not driven by the agenda of pushing {{rw|pseudoscientific}} beliefs which are against the worldwide consensus, see the following articles:&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-xkcd-comic-20696 Climate Change, Explained in One Simple Comic]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://reason.com/2016/09/14/send-around-this-xkcd-climate-change-web/ Send Around This XKCD Climate Change Web Cartoon, But Really Look at It First]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/09/14/493925781/epic-climate-cartoon-goes-viral-but-it-has-one-key-problem Epic Climate Cartoon Goes Viral, But It Has One Key Problem]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2016/09/13/everybody-always-gets-this-wrong-even-smart-people Everybody Always Gets This Wrong, Even Smart People]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the increased level of interest in this comic, Randall made some changes to the site and the week's release schedule:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* xkcd normally releases new comics on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. This comic was released on Monday, but given the amount of attention it was receiving, Randall decided to release the next comic [[1733: Solar Spectrum]] on [[:Category:Thursday comics|Thursday]].&lt;br /&gt;
* He [https://web.archive.org/web/20160915101125/http://xkcd.com/ replaced] the default header of xkcd.com with an explanatory note, which remained until noon (EST) on Thursday:&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;: ''Note: Since a lot of new people are here looking for this chart today, I'll be posting Wednesday's comic on Thursday instead.''&lt;br /&gt;
* On the day of the release of this comic, the [[Warning|warning]] that had been on the site for over 10 years, along with the [[Footnote#3._Bitcoin_addresses|previous footnote]], were [[Warning#Warning_removed|both]] [[Footnote#4._Footnote_removed|removed]]. While a [[Footnote#5._Current_footnote|new footnote]] was added 22 days later, the warning never came back.&lt;br /&gt;
* On March 1, 2019, this comic became one of the six [[Footer comics|footer comics]] featured in the bottom segment of [https://xkcd.com xkcd.com].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with lowercase text]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics with color]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Large drawings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Timelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Line graphs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Maps]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]] &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Hairy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring real people]] &amp;lt;!--Pharao/Solomon/Cesar, Jesus? etc --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Multiple Cueballs]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Climate change]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Science]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Animals]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Music]] &amp;lt;!-- People with Guitars around Stone henge --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Fiction]] &amp;lt;!-- Iliad, Odyssey, 300 --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sport]] &amp;lt;!-- Olympics --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Religion]] &amp;lt;!-- Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Internet]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Pokémon]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Footer comics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Puns]] &amp;lt;!-- early American saying &amp;quot;cool.&amp;quot; --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Volcanoes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Nuclear weapons]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Characters with hats]] &amp;lt;!-- Beginning --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Footnotes]] &amp;lt;-- ...Sea Peoples * a real thing --&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=735:_Floor&amp;diff=320882</id>
		<title>735: Floor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=735:_Floor&amp;diff=320882"/>
				<updated>2023-08-15T01:32:06Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 735&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = May 3, 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Floor&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = floor.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = We once got grounded when we convinced the FAA to block flights through our county because of ash clouds.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{w|Hot lava (game)|The floor is lava}} is a game many kids play where they pretend the floor is {{w|lava}}, meaning that they can't step on it or else they'll get 'burned'. In this comic, the three kids are taking this game too seriously (and in a nerdy way), causing great damage to the house with what appears to be a garden hose and some dynamite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stopping a lava flow by diverting it into an artificial trench or cooling the flow with (sea)water are both tactics that have been used in the past  [https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hvo/news/volcano-watch-can-hawaiian-lava-flows-be-diverted with varying success].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to events like the 2010 eruptions at {{w|Eyjafjallajökull}}, the ash clouds of which caused the shutdown of most of Europe's {{w|IFR}} airspace. The first joke there is that grounding a child often means to consign them to their bedroom for a set period of hours (as a punishment), whereas grounding a plane means to disallow any use of that plane for an extended period of time. The most notable example of this is {{w|Concorde}}, which has been indefinitely grounded. The second joke is that causing panic and diverting a large number of flights would cause lots of financial damage, and would normally be subject to more punishment than simply giving the kids a time-out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Three Cueball-like kids are in a living room. Furniture and other things are knocked over, broken, or tilted. The first kid is holding a handle of a plunger with cables going offscreen.]&lt;br /&gt;
:First Kid: I've dynamited a trench through the kitchen to divert flow!&lt;br /&gt;
:'''BOOM'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[The second kid is aiming a hose at the floor.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Second Kid: More hoses! We need to cool and solidify the surface layer!&lt;br /&gt;
:''FWOOSH''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[The third kid is standing on a chair, using a cell phone or radio.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Third Kid: Where are the damn helicopters?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption beneath the panel:]&lt;br /&gt;
:Like many kids, we sometimes pretended the floor was lava.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Volcanoes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Kids]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1282:_Monty_Hall&amp;diff=320830</id>
		<title>1282: Monty Hall</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1282:_Monty_Hall&amp;diff=320830"/>
				<updated>2023-08-14T00:38:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1282&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 25, 2013&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Monty Hall&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = monty hall.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = A few minutes later, the goat from behind door C drives away in the car.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic is a reference to the US game show ''{{w|Let's Make a Deal}}'', and more specifically the {{w|Monty Hall problem}}, a probability puzzle based on the show and named after its original host, {{w|Monty Hall}}. The premise of the show was that Hall would offer &amp;quot;deals&amp;quot; to contestants pulled from the audience in which they could win cash and prizes. Some deals involved games/tasks the contestant had to perform, while others simply involved the contestant making choices between a series of doors or boxes. In such games of choice, there were often several prizes and typically at least one &amp;quot;zonk&amp;quot;, the show's name for an undesirable &amp;quot;gag&amp;quot; prize, which on the original Monty Hall version of the show were frequently animals such as goats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the {{tvtropes|MontyHallProblem|classic version of the Monty Hall Problem}}, a contestant is offered a choice of three doors. Behind two of the doors are goats, and behind one of them is a car. First, the contestant chooses a door, which remains closed. The host then opens one of the two remaining doors and reveals a goat. The contestant is then offered a final choice of whether to switch their choice to the remaining closed door, or keep the door they originally chose. The problem involves an analysis of the probability of the contestant choosing the car given certain circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The problem assumes that a contestant would want to win a car, and would be disappointed to win a goat, which most contestants would have no ability to house, and no use for. The comic shows that [[Beret Guy]], upon the host revealing that door B has a goat behind it, chooses to take the goat to keep as a pet, which makes them both very happy. This is much like, and may be an allusion to, the Simpsons episode {{w|Bart Gets an Elephant}}, in which Bart opts for the gag prize of an African Elephant rather than the $10,000 award. According to an [http://www.tvparty.com/gamemonty2.html interview] with Monty Hall, several contestants actually decided to keep the animals; although rare, it was allowed since the animals were offered as prizes (and they were a lot more expensive than the consolation cash prize).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text references the car and the other goat, untouched behind the remaining doors, and spoofs that the other goat will perform a car heist and drive away.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Monty Hall Problem===&lt;br /&gt;
:''For an in-depth analysis of the Monty Hall Problem, see {{w|Monty Hall Problem|its article at Wikipedia}}''&lt;br /&gt;
The apparent &amp;quot;paradox&amp;quot; of the Monty Hall Problem is that many people's initial reaction once the host opens a door to reveal a goat, is that there are two remaining doors, one with a car and one with a goat; and therefore there is an equal probability the car is behind each door. Many people therefore believe that switching makes no difference to the odds of winning a car.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:montyforexplainxkcd.png]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- Alter to make 1 car, 2 goat, and 3 goat like in comic? --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, assuming that the host has knowledge of which doors contain goats, and that their choice of which door to open is always an unchosen door containing a goat, it is actually twice as likely that the contestant will win the car if they switch than if they keep their original choice. This is because the contestant initially had a one-in-three chance of choosing the car and a two-in-three chance of choosing a goat. Switching always wins the car in those two-thirds of cases where the contestant initially chose a goat. The probability of winning by switching is therefore the same as the probability that the contestant initially chose a goat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The switch essentially gives the contestant ''both'' remaining doors instead of just the ''one'' door originally chosen. Because the host ''always'' has at least one goat available, the fact that the host reveals a goat does not provide the contestant any new information about their initially chosen door. The initial door still has a two-in-three chance of being a goat, and switching still has a two-in-three chance of winning. Opening a goat-door simply shifts all of the probability of the remaining two doors being a car to the remaining unchosen door.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Simple explanation''':&lt;br /&gt;
Imagine there are 100 doors instead of just 2, and after you pick a door, the host opens all but one, revealing all goats. Do you switch to the remaining door or keep your initial pick?  Just as there is a 2/3 chance of picking the car when switching in the 3-door scenario, there is now a 99/100 chance of picking the car when switching in the 100 door scenario.  In this scenario, it becomes obvious that it is not a 50/50 chance when two doors remain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Important Side Note''':&lt;br /&gt;
There has been great debate about the precise wording of the problem, and what assumptions or rules might apply. These variants can greatly change the probabilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One variant has the host open one of the two remaining doors at random, which could result in the car being revealed, and the game ending. In that scenario, if a goat has been revealed, the probability that the first pick is correct is now 1/2 and switching is not advantageous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:*In 1/3 of all possible games, the first pick is correct. The host cannot pick the car.&lt;br /&gt;
:*In 1/3 of all possible games, the first pick is wrong but the host does not reveal the car.&lt;br /&gt;
:*In 1/3 of all possible games, the first pick is wrong and host will reveal the car. We now know those cases are impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With only 2/3rds of all possible games remaining, the chance that switching will win the car is now (1/3)/(2/3) = 1/2. Likewise, not switching also has a 1/2 chance of winning. '''Note that this variant requires that the host picks a door at random.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another variant has the host only offering to switch if the first choice is correct.  In this case, switching always loses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[A figure - Monty Hall - stands on stage, holding a microphone. There are three doors; two labelled &amp;quot;A&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;C&amp;quot;, which are closed, and one that is being held open by Monty. There's a ramp to the right, down which a goat is being led by Beret Guy.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: ...and my yard has so much grass, and I'll teach you tricks, and...&lt;br /&gt;
:Goat: ♥&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*The Monty Hall problem is strikingly similar to the {{w|Two envelope problem|Two Envelope Paradox}}, one of [http://blog.xkcd.com/2008/09/09/the-goddamn-airplane-on-the-goddamn-treadmill/ several notoriously provocative thought experiments] (some of which are &amp;quot;banned&amp;quot; on the xkcd forums). Admittedly, the Monty Hall problem has only one clear solution. Because of this, it is much less likely to spark the kinds of arguments like &amp;quot;the goddamn airplane on the goddamn treadmill&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;{{w|Feynman sprinkler}}&amp;quot; incite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Beret Guy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=581:_The_Race:_Part_5&amp;diff=320794</id>
		<title>581: The Race: Part 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=581:_The_Race:_Part_5&amp;diff=320794"/>
				<updated>2023-08-13T00:21:33Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 581&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = May 8, 2009&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = The Race: Part 5&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = the_race_part_5.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = It was actually canceled because they just noticed he's been naked under that coat the whole time. There's a petition on Facebook to get Fox to un-cancel it, and one on Livejournal to get him to take off the coat.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a continuation of the previous comic in &amp;quot;[[The Race]]&amp;quot; series, [[580: The Race: Part 4]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In panel 6 (2nd panel in the 2nd row), {{w|Nathan Fillion}} line is reminiscent of a similar quote from the 2nd episode of {{w|Firefly (TV series)|''Firefly''}}, {{w|The Train Job}}: &amp;quot;I just wanted you to face me so she could get behind ya.&amp;quot; In the show, {{w|Malcolm Reynolds}} is aided by {{w|Zoë Washburne}}, his second in command, who gets behind the bar thug he is speaking to. In the comic, Nathan Fillion is using the line on a fan, but {{w|Gina Torres}} is not standing behind [[Cueball]] this time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Summer's line about growing but not retracting her hair appears to mean that because Nathan used her to stop Cueball, she has to stop him as well, which she neatly does. Alternatively, the line may be a random non-sequitur of the sort often uttered by her neurologically damaged character in the Firefly 'verse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bwah!&amp;quot; is a sound Malcolm makes during one episode in which one of his crewmembers inadvertently sneaks up on him while trying to ask him a question. When he is questioned about it, he says he has invented a new war cry, and promptly practices yelling 'Bwahhhh' in a confident manner while readying his pistol.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Summer's statement in the 10th panel about swallowing a bug is a reference to the movie {{w|Serenity_(film)|''Serenity''}}, made in 2005 to conclude Firefly's storyline. After a harrowing high-speed chase in an open-topped hovercraft, the only comment from Summer's character is &amp;quot;I swallowed a bug,&amp;quot; showing that she was either unconcerned, or stunned, by the narrow escape.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The final panel is a reference to {{w|Fox Television}}'s treatment of ''Firefly''. ''Firefly'' was cancelled after only 11 episodes of the 14 made were aired, leaving three episodes unaired.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Internet petitions, contrary to the sarcastic suggestion in the final panel, pretty much never work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the title text, it is revealed that Fillion is 'actually naked' under his coat. This isn't very surprising in the xkcd universe, as stick figures are always 'naked' by normal definition. However, this is apparently the actual reason why Fox canceled their final panel. Therefore, there have been two petitions - one to show the final battle, and another to get Fillion to remove the coat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All comics in &amp;quot;[[The Race]]&amp;quot; series:&lt;br /&gt;
*[[577: The Race: Part 1]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[578: The Race: Part 2]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[579: The Race: Part 3]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[580: The Race: Part 4]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[581: The Race: Part 5]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This series was released on five consecutive days (Monday-Friday) and not over the usual Monday/Wednesday/Friday schedule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Electric skateboards have been the subject of several other comics like [[139: I Have Owned Two Electric Skateboards]], [[409: Electric Skateboard (Double Comic)]] and a panel in [[442: xkcd Loves the Discovery Channel]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Nathan skates in.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: So you took care of him?&lt;br /&gt;
:Summer: I can extrude hair, but I  can't retract it.&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: That a yes?&lt;br /&gt;
:[Summer grabs Nathan's arm as he skates past her, pulling him off the board.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: Bwah!&lt;br /&gt;
:[An Andy Capp-esque meleè dust cloud.]&lt;br /&gt;
:WHAP BAM POW WHAM&lt;br /&gt;
:[Summer skates away.]&lt;br /&gt;
:[A beat-up Nathan approaches an similarly battered Cueball.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: She may have my board, but I can still beat you to the finish line if I bring you down.&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Bring it, Captain Tightpants.&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: I've got nothing to  bring. I just said that so she could get behind you.&lt;br /&gt;
:[Cueball turns.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Who—&lt;br /&gt;
:[Cueball is hit with his board.]&lt;br /&gt;
:''WHAM''&lt;br /&gt;
:[Nathan stands over a prone Cueball.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: I just said ''that'' so ''I'' could get behind you. The serious fans always fall for the quotes.&lt;br /&gt;
:[Wide panel of Summer crossing the finishing line on Nathan's board, breaking through the tape.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Announcer: And the winner is...&lt;br /&gt;
:Off-screen voice: Summer Glau?&lt;br /&gt;
:Summer: I swallowed a bug again.&lt;br /&gt;
:[Close-up of Cueball's beaten face.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: All right, Fillion. I've had enough of your treachery and ...rugged good looks. This ends here.&lt;br /&gt;
:[Equally close-up: Nathan's face, bearing several grazes.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Nathan: All right, fanboy. Let this be our final battle. &lt;br /&gt;
:[They rush at each other, fists ready to swing punches.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Final battle canceled by Fox.&lt;br /&gt;
:Try an Internet petition drive - those ''totally'' work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:The Race]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics sharing name|The Race]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Nathan Fillion]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Summer Glau]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Firefly]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electric skateboard]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=807:_Connected&amp;diff=320756</id>
		<title>807: Connected</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=807:_Connected&amp;diff=320756"/>
				<updated>2023-08-12T00:28:23Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 807&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = October 18, 2010&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Connected&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = connected.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Or love in general, for that matter. It just leads to the idea that either your love is pure, perfect, and eternal, and you are storybook-compatible in every way with no problems, or you're LYING when you say 'I love you'.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic criticizes our culture's tendency to romanticize young love (such as that portrayed in {{w|Romeo and Juliet}} and {{w|Titanic_(1997_film)|Titanic}}). Although young lovers do often have intense feelings for their beloved, for many of them, like [[Megan]] here, it is an infatuation based on little substance (such as a similar taste in music) and the mercurial gales of teenagers’ minds rather than the real compatibility necessary for a long-term relationship. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text broadens this criticism to all forms of romance. Randall appears to be stating that it is possible to love someone even if your relationship with that person doesn't conform to the impossibly high standards of &amp;quot;true love&amp;quot; that {{tvtropes|OneTrueLove|our culture so highly exalts}}. In fact, healthy relationships are typically not perfect and [http://cmhc.utexas.edu/healthyrelationships.html require work, change, and compromise] rather than continual, effortless bliss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Megan sits on a rock and Cueball sits on the grass.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: Seriously? ''I like that song too!''&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: I bet no two people in the history of the world have ever been so ''connected''!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the frame:]&lt;br /&gt;
:I'm not sure why we romanticize &amp;quot;young love.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Romance]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1047:_Approximations&amp;diff=320708</id>
		<title>1047: Approximations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1047:_Approximations&amp;diff=320708"/>
				<updated>2023-08-11T02:06:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1047&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = April 25, 2012&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Approximations&lt;br /&gt;
| before    = [[#Explanation|↓ Skip to explanation ↓]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = approximations.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = Two tips: 1) 8675309 is not just prime, it's a twin prime, and 2) if you ever find yourself raising log(anything)^e or taking the pi-th root of anything, set down the marker and back away from the whiteboard; something has gone horribly wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic lists some approximations for numbers, most of them mathematical and physical constants, but some of them jokes and cultural references.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Approximations like these are sometimes used as {{w|mnemonic}}s by mathematicians and physicists, though most of Randall's approximations are too convoluted to be useful as mnemonics.  Perhaps the best known mnemonic approximation (though not used here by Randall) is that &amp;quot;π is approximately equal to 22/7&amp;quot;.  Randall does mention (and mock) the common mnemonic among physicists that the {{w|fine structure constant}} is approximately 1/137.  Although Randall gives approximations for the number of seconds in a year, he does not mention the common physicists' mnemonic that it is &amp;quot;π × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;quot;, though he later added a statement to the top of the comic page addressing this point. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the bottom of the comic are expressions involving {{w|transcendental numbers}} (namely π and e) that are tantalizingly close to being exactly true but are not (indeed, they cannot be, due to the nature of transcendental numbers).  Such near-equations were previously discussed in [[217: e to the pi Minus pi]].  One of the entries, though, is a &amp;quot;red herring&amp;quot; that is exactly true.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Randall says he compiled this table through &amp;quot;a mix of trial-and-error, ''{{w|Mathematica}}'', and Robert Munafo's [http://mrob.com/pub/ries/ Ries] tool.&amp;quot;  &amp;quot;Ries&amp;quot; is a &amp;quot;{{w|Closed-form expression#Conversion from numerical forms|reverse calculator}}&amp;quot; that forms equations matching a given number.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|world population}} estimate for 2023 is still accurate. The estimate is 7.9 billion, and the population listed at the website census.gov is roughly the same. The current value can be found here: [https://www.census.gov/popclock/ United States Census Bureau - U.S. and World Population Clock]. Nevertheless there are other numbers listed by different sources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first part of the title text notes that &amp;quot;Jenny's constant,&amp;quot; which is actually a telephone number referenced in Tommy Tutone's 1982 song {{w|867-5309/Jenny}}, is not only prime but a {{w|twin prime}} because 8675311 is also a prime. Twin primes have always been a subject of interest, because they are comparatively rare, and because it is not yet known whether there are infinitely many of them.  Twin primes were also referenced in [[1310: Goldbach Conjectures]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second part of the title text makes fun of the unusual mathematical operations contained in the comic.  {{w|Pi|π}} is a useful number in many contexts, but it doesn't usually occur anywhere in an exponent. Even when it does, such as with complex numbers, taking the πth root is rarely helpful.  A rare exception is an [http://gosper.org/4%5E1%C3%B7%CF%80.png identity] for the pi-th root of 4 discovered by Bill Gosper.  Similarly, {{w|e (mathematical constant)|e}} typically appears in the base of a power (forming the {{w|exponential function}}), not in the exponent. (This is later referenced in [http://what-if.xkcd.com/73/ Lethal Neutrinos]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Thing to be approximated:&lt;br /&gt;
!align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Formula proposed&lt;br /&gt;
!align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Resulting approximate value&lt;br /&gt;
!align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Correct value&lt;br /&gt;
!align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Discussion&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|One {{w|light year}} (meters)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|9,227,446,944,279,201&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|9,460,730,472,580,800 (exact)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Based on 365.25 days per year (see below). 99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and 69&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; are [[487: Numerical Sex Positions|sexual references]]. &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Earth's surface (m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|69&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|513,798,374,428,641&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|5.10072 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and 69&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; are [[487: Numerical Sex Positions|sexual references]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Oceans' volume (m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|9&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1,350,851,717,672,992,089&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.332 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;18&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Seconds in a year&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|75&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|31,640,625&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|31,557,600 (Julian calendar), 31,556,952 (Gregorian calendar)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|After this comic was released [[Randall]] got many responses by viewers. So he did add this statement to the top of the comic page:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Lots of emails mention the physicist favorite, 1 year = pi × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; seconds. 75&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; is a hair more accurate, but it's hard to top 3,141,592's elegance.&amp;quot; π × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; is nearly equal to 31,415,926.536, and 75&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; is exactly 31,640,625. Randall's elegance belongs to the number π, but it should be multiplied by the factor of ten.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Using the traditional definitions that a second is 1/60 of a minute, a minute is 1/60 of an hour, and an hour is 1/24 of a day, a 365-day common year is exactly 31,536,000 seconds (the &amp;quot;''Rent'' method&amp;quot; approximation) and the 366-day leap year is 31,622,400 seconds. Until the calendar was reformed by Pope Gregory, there was one leap year in every four years, making the average year 365.25 days, or 31,557,600 seconds. On the current calendar system, there are only 97 leap years in every 400 years, making the average year 365.2425 days, or 31,556,952 seconds. In technical usage, a &amp;quot;second&amp;quot; is now defined based on physical constants, even though the length of a day varies inversely with the changing angular velocity of the earth.  To keep the official time synchronized with the rotation of the earth, a &amp;quot;leap second&amp;quot; is occasionally added, resulting in a slightly longer year.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Seconds in a year (''Rent'' method)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|525,600 × 60&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|31,536,000&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|31,557,600 (Julian calendar), 31,556,952 (Gregorian calendar)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&amp;quot;''Rent'' Method&amp;quot; refers to the song &amp;quot;{{w|Seasons of Love}}&amp;quot; from the musical ''{{w|Rent (musical)|Rent}}''. The song asks, &amp;quot;How do you measure a year?&amp;quot; One line says &amp;quot;525,600 minutes&amp;quot; while most of the rest of the song suggests the best way to measure a year is moments shared with a loved one.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Age of the universe (seconds)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|15&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|437,893,890,380,859,375&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|(4.354 ± 0.012) × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;17&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; (best estimate; exact value unknown)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|This one will slowly get more accurate as the universe ages.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Planck's constant&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {1} {30^{\pi^e}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.6849901410 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−34&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.62606957 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−34&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Informally, the {{w|Planck constant}} is the smallest action possible in quantum mechanics.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Fine structure constant&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{1}{140}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.00&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;text-decoration: overline;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;714285&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.0072973525664 (accepted value as of 2014), close to 1/137&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|fine structure constant}} indicates the strength of electromagnetism. It is unitless and around 0.007297, close to 1/137. The joke here is that Randall chose to write 140 as the denominator, when 137 is much closer to reality and just as many digits (although 137 is a less &amp;quot;round&amp;quot; number than 140, and Randall writes in the table that he's &amp;quot;had enough&amp;quot; of it).  At one point the fine structure constant was believed to be exactly the reciprocal of 137, and many people have tried to find a simple formula explaining this (with a pinch of {{w|numerology}} thrown in at times), including the infamous {{w|Arthur Eddington|Sir Arthur &amp;quot;Adding-One&amp;quot; Eddington}} who argued very strenuously that the fine structure constant &amp;quot;should&amp;quot; be 1/136 when that was what the best measurements suggested, and then argued just as strenuously for 1/137 a few years later as measurements improved.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Fundamental charge&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {3} {14 \pi^{\pi^\pi}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.59895121062716 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−19&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.602176565 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−19&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|This is the charge of the proton, symbolized ''e'' for electron (whose charge is actually −''e''. You can blame Benjamin Franklin [[567|for that]].)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Telephone number for the {{w|White House}} switchboard&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {1} {e^ {\sqrt[\pi] {1 + \sqrt[e-1] 8}} }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.2024561414932&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|202-456-1414&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Jenny's constant&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\left( 7^ {\frac{e}{1} - \frac{1}{e}} - 9 \right) \pi^2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|867.5309019&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|867-5309&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|A telephone number referenced in {{w|Tommy Tutone}}'s 1982 song {{w|867-5309/Jenny}}. As mentioned in the title text, the number not only prime but a {{w|twin prime}} because 8675311 is also a prime. &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|World population estimate (billions)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Equivalent to &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;6 + \frac {\frac34 y + \frac14 (y \operatorname{mod} 4) - 1499} {10}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2005 — 6.5&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2006 — 6.6&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2007 — 6.7&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2008 — 6.7&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2009 — 6.8&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2010 — 6.9&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2011 — 7.0&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2012 — 7.0&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2013 — 7.1&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2014 — 7.2&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2015 — 7.3&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2016 — 7.3&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2017 — 7.4&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2018 — 7.5&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2019 — 7.6&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2020 — 7.6&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2021 — 7.7&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2022 — 7.8&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2023 — 7.9&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2024 — 7.9&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2025 — 8.0&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2026 — 8.1&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2027 — 8.2&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2028 — 8.2&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2029 — 8.3&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2030 — 8.4&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2031 — 8.5&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Grows by 75 million every year on average. As of 2023, a bit too small.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|U.S. population estimate (millions)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Equivalent to &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;310 + 3(y - 2010)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2000 — 280&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2001 — 283&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2002 — 286&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2003 — 289&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2004 — 292&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2005 — 295&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2006 — 298&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2007 — 301&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2008 — 304&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2009 — 307&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2010 — 310&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2011 — 313&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2012 — 316&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2013 — 319&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2014 — 322&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2015 — 325&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2016 — 328&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2017 — 331&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2018 — 334&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2019 — 337&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2020 — 340&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2021 — 343&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2022 — 346&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2023 — 349&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2024 — 352&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2025 — 355&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2026 — 358&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2027 — 361&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2028 — 364&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2029 — 367&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2030 — 370&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2031 — 373&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
2032 — 376&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Grows by 3 million each year. As of 2021 the actual number is ~13 million smaller.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Electron rest energy (joules)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {e} {7^{16}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|8.17948276564429 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|8.18710438 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−14&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Light year (miles)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;42.42&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|5,884,267,614,436.97&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|5,878,625,373,183.61 = 9,460,730,472,580,800 (meters in a light-year, by definition) / 1609.344 (meters in a mile)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|{{w|42 (number)|42}} is, according to {{w|Douglas Adams}}' ''{{w|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy}}'', the answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sin\left(60^\circ\right) = \frac {\sqrt 3} {2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{e}{\pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.8652559794&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.8660254038&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sqrt 3&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{2e}{\pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.7305119589&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.7320508076&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Same as the above&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|γ (Euler's gamma constant)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {1} {\sqrt 3}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5773502692&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5772156649&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|Euler–Mascheroni constant}} (denoted γ) is a mysterious number describing the relationship between the {{w|Harmonic series (mathematics)|harmonic series}} and the {{w|natural logarithm}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Feet in a meter&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {5} {\sqrt[e]\pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|3.2815481951&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|3.280839895&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Exactly 1/0.3048, as the {{w|international foot}} is defined as 0.3048 meters.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sqrt 5&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{2}{e} + \frac32&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2.2357588823&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2.2360679775&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Avogadro's number&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;69^{\pi^\sqrt{5}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.02191201246329 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;23&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.02214129 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;23&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Also called a mole for shorthand, {{w|Avogadro's number}} is (roughly) the number of individual atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon. Used in basically every application of chemistry. In 2019 the constant was redefined to 6.02214076 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;23&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, making the Approximation slightly more correct.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Gravitational constant ''G''&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {1} {e ^ {(\pi-1)^{(\pi+1)}}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.6736110685 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−11&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.67385 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−11&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The universal {{w|gravitational constant}} G is equal to ''Fr''&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;/''Mm'', where ''F'' is the gravitational force between two objects, ''r'' is the distance between them, and ''M'' and ''m'' are their masses.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|''R'' (gas constant)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;(e + 1) \sqrt 5&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|8.3143309279&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|8.3144622&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|gas constant}} relates energy to temperature in physics, as well as a gas's volume, pressure, temperature and {{w|mole (unit)|molar amount}} (hence the name).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Proton–electron mass ratio&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;6 \pi^5&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1836.1181087117&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1836.15267246&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;| The {{w|proton-to-electron mass ratio}} is the ratio between the rest mass of the proton divided by the rest mass of the electron.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Liters in a {{w|gallon}}&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;3 + \frac{\pi}{4}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|3.7853981634&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|3.785411784 (exact)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|A U.S. liquid gallon is defined by law as 231 cubic inches&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|''g''&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; or ''g''&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6 + ln(45)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|9.8066624898&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|9.80665&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|Standard gravity, or standard acceleration due to free fall is the nominal gravitational acceleration of an object in a vacuum near the surface of the Earth. It is defined by standard as 9.80665&amp;amp;nbsp;m/s&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, which is exactly 35.30394&amp;amp;nbsp;km/h/s (about 32.174&amp;amp;nbsp;ft/s&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, or 21.937&amp;amp;nbsp;mph/s). This value was established by the 3rd CGPM (1901, CR 70) and used to define the standard weight of an object as the product of its mass and this nominal acceleration. The acceleration of a body near the surface of the Earth is due to the combined effects of gravity and centrifugal acceleration from rotation of the Earth (but which is small enough to be neglected for most purposes); the total (the apparent gravity) is about 0.5 percent greater at the poles than at the equator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Randall used a letter ''g'' without a suffix, which can also mean the local acceleration due to local gravity and centrifugal acceleration, which varies depending on one's position on Earth.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Proton–electron mass ratio&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {e^8 - 10} {\phi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1836.1530151398&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1836.15267246&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|φ is the {{w|golden ratio}}, or &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ \frac{1+\sqrt 5}{2} }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. It has many interesting geometrical properties.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Ruby laser wavelength (meters)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{1}{1200^2}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6.9&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;text-decoration: overline;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;444&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−7&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|~6.943 × 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;−7&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|ruby laser}} wavelength varies because &amp;quot;ruby&amp;quot; is not clearly defined.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Mean Earth radius (meters)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;5^8 6e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6,370,973.035&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6,371,008.7 (IUGG definition)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|Earth radius#mean radii|mean earth radius}} varies because there is not one single way to make a sphere out of the earth. Randall's value lies within the actual variation of Earth's radius. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the mean radius as 2/3 of the equatorial radius (6,378,137.0&amp;amp;nbsp;m) plus 1/3 of the polar radius (6,356,752.3&amp;amp;nbsp;m).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sqrt 2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac35 + \frac{\pi}{7-\pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.4142200581&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.4142135624&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|There are recurring math jokes along the lines of, &amp;quot;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ \frac35 + \frac{\pi}{7-\pi} - \sqrt{2} = 0}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, but your calculator is probably not good enough to compute this correctly&amp;quot;. See also [[217: e to the pi Minus pi]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cos \frac{\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{3\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{5\pi}{7}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac12&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5 (exact)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|This is the exactly correct equation referred to in the note, &amp;quot;Pro tip – Not all of these are wrong&amp;quot;, as shown below and also [http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/140388/how-can-one-prove-cos-pi-7-cos3-pi-7-cos5-pi-7-1-2 here]. If you're still confused, the functions use {{w|radians}}, not {{w|degrees (angle)|degrees}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|γ (Euler's gamma constant)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac{e}{3^4} + \frac{e}{5}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5772154006&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|0.5772156649&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|The {{w|Euler–Mascheroni constant}} (denoted γ) is a mysterious number describing the relationship between the {{w|Harmonic series (mathematics)|harmonic series}} and the {{w|natural logarithm}}.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sqrt 5&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\frac {13+4\pi} {24-4\pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2.2360678094&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2.2360679775&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^n}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\ln(3)^e&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.2912987577&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1.2912859971&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Proof===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of the &amp;quot;approximations&amp;quot; actually is precisely correct: &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ \cos \frac{\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{3\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{5\pi}{7} = \frac12 }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.  Here is a proof:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\cos \frac{\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{3\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{5\pi}{7}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Multiplying by 1 (or by a nonzero number divided by itself) leaves the equation unchanged: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;= \left( \cos \frac{\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{3\pi}{7} + \cos \frac{5\pi}{7} \right) \frac{2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}}{2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ 2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7} }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; on the top of the fraction is multiplied through the original equation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;= \frac {2 \cos \frac{\pi}{7} \sin\frac{\pi}{7} + 2 \cos \frac{3\pi}{7} \sin\frac{\pi}{7} + 2 \cos \frac{5\pi}{7} \sin\frac{\pi}{7}} {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use the trigonometric identity &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ 2 \cos A \sin B = \sin (A+B) - \sin(A-B)}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; on the second and third terms in the numerator:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {2 \cos \frac{\pi}{7} \sin \frac{\pi}{7} + \left[\sin \left(\frac{3\pi}{7} + \frac{\pi}{7}\right) - \sin \left(\frac{3\pi}{7} - \frac{\pi}{7}\right) \right] + \left[\sin \left(\frac{5\pi}{7} + \frac{\pi}{7}\right) - \sin \left(\frac{5\pi}{7} - \frac{\pi}{7}\right) \right]} {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {2 \cos \frac{\pi}{7} \sin \frac{\pi}{7} + \left[\sin \frac{4\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{2\pi}{7} \right] + \left[\sin \frac{6\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{4\pi}{7} \right]} {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}}&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Use the trigonometric identity &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{ 2 \cos A \sin A = \sin 2A }&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; on the first term in the numerator:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {\sin \frac{2\pi}{7} + \left[\sin \frac{4\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{2\pi}{7} \right] + \left[\sin \frac{6\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{4\pi}{7} \right]} {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {\sin \frac{6\pi}{7} + \left[\sin \frac{4\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{4\pi}{7} \right] + \left[\sin \frac{2\pi}{7} - \sin \frac{2\pi}{7} \right]} {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {\sin \frac{6\pi}{7} } {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}}&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Noting that &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\textstyle{\frac{6\pi}{7} + \frac{\pi}{7} = \pi}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and that the sines of supplementary angles (angles that sum to π) are equal:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;\begin{align}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac {\sin \frac{\pi}{7} } {2 \sin\frac{\pi}{7}} \\&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;= \frac12 \quad \quad \quad \text{Q.E.D.}&lt;br /&gt;
\end{align}&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:'''A table of slightly wrong equations and identities useful for approximations and/or trolling teachers.'''&lt;br /&gt;
:(Found using a mix of trial-and-error, ''Mathematica'', and Robert Munafo's ''Ries'' tool.)&lt;br /&gt;
: All units are SI MKS unless otherwise noted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Relation:&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Accurate to within:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | One light-year(m)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 99&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 40&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Earth Surface(m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 69&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 130&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Oceans' volume(m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 9&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;19&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 70&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Seconds in a year&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 75&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 400&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Seconds in a year (''Rent'' method)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 525,600 x 60&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 1400&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Age of the universe (seconds)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 15&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;15&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 70&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Planck's constant&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 1/(30&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 110&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Fine structure constant&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 1/140&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | [I've had enough of this 137 crap]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | Fundamental charge&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | 3/(14 * π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; | one part in 500&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|White House Switchboard&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1 / (e&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;√(1 + &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;(e-1)&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;√8)&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Jenny's Constant&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|(7&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;(e/1 - 1/e)&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; - 9) * π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Intermission:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; World Population Estimate&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; which should stay current&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; for a decade or two:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Take the last two digits of the current year&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 20[14] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Subtract the number of leap years since hurricane Katrina&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 14 (minus 2008 and 2012) is 12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Add a decimal point&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 1.2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Add 6&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 6 + 1.2&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
7.2 = World population in billions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Version for US population:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 20[14]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Subtract 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 4&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Multiply by 3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 12&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Add 10&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: 3[22] million&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Electron rest energy&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|e/7&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;16&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; J&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 1000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Light-year(miles)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|2&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;(42.42)&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 1000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|sin(60°) = √3/2 = e/π&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 1000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|√3 = 2e/π&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 1000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|γ(Euler's gamma constant)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1/√3&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 4000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Feet in a meter&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|5/(&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;√π)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 4000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|√5 = 2/e + 3/2&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 7000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Avogadro's number&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|69&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;√5&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 25,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Gravitational constant G&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1 / e&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;(π - 1)&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;(π + 1)&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 25,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|R (gas constant)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|(e+1) √5&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 50,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Proton-electron mass ratio&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6*π&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;5&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 50,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Liters in a gallon&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|3 + π/4&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 500,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|g&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|6 + ln(45)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 750,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Proton-electron mass ratio&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|(e&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; - 10) / ϕ&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|one part in 5,000,000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Ruby laser wavelength&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|1 / (1200&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|[within actual variation]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Mean Earth Radius&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|(5&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)*6e&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|[within actual variation]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Protip - not all of these are wrong:&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|√2 = 3/5 + π/(7-π)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|cos(π/7) + cos(3π/7) + cos(5π/7) = 1/2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|γ(Euler's gamma constant) = e/3&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; + e/5&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|√5 = (13 + 4π) / (24 - 4π)&lt;br /&gt;
|align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|Σ 1/n&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = ln(3)&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Charts]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Math]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Physics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Protip]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1729:_Migrating_Geese&amp;diff=320566</id>
		<title>Talk:1729: Migrating Geese</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:1729:_Migrating_Geese&amp;diff=320566"/>
				<updated>2023-08-08T18:52:46Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kevin sounds familiar, has he been in a previous xkcd? [[User:Mikemk|Mikemk]] ([[User talk:Mikemk|talk]]) 13:51, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I think Kevin is a reference to Home Alone. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.203.143|162.158.203.143]] 14:19, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: [[1719: Superzoom]] also includes Kevin.  [[User:Iggyvolz|Iggyvolz]] ([[User talk:Iggyvolz|talk]]) 14:22, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::See [[1795:_All_You_Can_Eat#Kevin|Kevin]] trivia from when it was used for a third time --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 21:43, 6 February 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Is it a reference to the famous Reddit Kevin? https://www.reddit.com/r/AskReddit/comments/219w2o/whos_the_dumbest_person_youve_ever_met/cgbhkwp {{unsigned|Mcroft}}&lt;br /&gt;
: I thought it might be Kevin the Minion. [[User:Paddles|Paddles]] ([[User talk:Paddles|talk]]) 14:36, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Perhaps it's just a generic name for the butt of a joke, like poor Steve. [[User:Papayaman1000|Papayaman1000]] ([[User talk:Papayaman1000|talk]]) 15:02, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: At least in Germany there is something called kevinism which assumes that kevin is a name which is only given to children of poorer social groups(https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin#.E2.80.9EKevinismus.E2.80.9C). This is similar to what was mentioned as the reddit kevin. We'll probably have to wait for someone understanding the title text to be sure. [[User:Treed|Treed]] ([[User talk:Treed|talk]]) 15:04, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: A quick Google search found this [https://www.facebook.com/hartkevin/posts/10150488674027045|a Facebook post] from {{w|Kevin Hart}}; no idea if this is the reference, or the comic and Kevin Hart are both referencing an older joke.  [[User:Paddles|Paddles]] ([[User talk:Paddles|talk]]) 15:17, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Probably a long shot, but &amp;quot;Dammit, Kevin&amp;quot; line sounds like a reference to Poorly Drawn Lines character Kevin (he's a bird, but I'm not sure that he's a goose). Check out this comic, for example: http://poorlydrawnlines.com/comic/south/ --[[User:DefaultLocale|DefaultLocale]] ([[User talk:DefaultLocale|talk]]) 16:41, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I immediately thought of Kevin as the bird from Up. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.246.95|108.162.246.95]] 16:55, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Same here.  http://disney.wikia.com/wiki/Kevin. [[User:Iggynelix|Iggynelix]] ([[User talk:Iggynelix|talk]]) 11:54, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I assumed that 'Kevin' was a reference to the novel 'We Need to Talk About Kevin'{{unsigned ip|162.158.222.217}}&lt;br /&gt;
:I think a bunch of people have hit the nail on the head - the &amp;quot;reddit kevin&amp;quot;, the &amp;quot;butt of a joke&amp;quot;, the &amp;quot;kevinism&amp;quot; thing.. aside from the link to the original &amp;quot;reddit Kevin&amp;quot;, there's also a subreddit based on other &amp;quot;Kevin&amp;quot;s. https://www.reddit.com/r/storiesaboutkevin  [[Special:Contributions/141.101.70.193|141.101.70.193]] 22:34, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I think it's more likely that 'Kevin' is a South Park reference. https://youtu.be/OyqdoxTEmdg [[User:Calion|Calion]] ([[User talk:Calion|talk]]) 01:14, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I'm 90% sure that Kevin is a reference to an Eddie Izzard skit about migrating birds. He's talking about how migrating birds find their way, but Kevin gets lost and all the other birds just follow him, assuming that he knows where he is going. But it's years since I last watched it and I can't even remember which show it's in. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.41|141.101.98.41]] 07:23, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::No, I'm pretty sure the butt of the joke in the Izzard skit is &amp;quot;Steve the Bird&amp;quot;. Unless he used different names at different times for the same skit, or unless my memory's totally wrong, both perfectly possible. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.229.43|108.162.229.43]] 08:22, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Apparently Kevin is also the codename for [http://chromeunboxed.com/new-convertible-chromebook-kevin-in-early-production-what-we-know-so-far/ a new Chromebook]. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.133.114|162.158.133.114]] 11:54, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I know of two fictional Kevins and both of them are jerks. Maybe this is a wider social thing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I think &amp;quot;Missing valence geese&amp;quot; refers to electron configuration, where they would give/take electrons to become &amp;quot;stable&amp;quot;. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.49.66|162.158.49.66]] 14:34, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I thought so too and added it in the table during my edit. It's not a very good explanation though as I'm not a native English speaker. [[User:Treed|Treed]] ([[User talk:Treed|talk]]) 15:04, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is my first contribution here so I hope I didn't do too many things wrong, I thought if there's nothing there yet I can't break too much. Thanks for fixing the table, it looks much better now :) I don't know why you removed the part about programming though, because while it's maybe normal that geese migrate it is definitely not normal to have a guide (&amp;quot;Migrating&amp;quot;) on doing so. [[User:Treed|Treed]] ([[User talk:Treed|talk]]) 14:57, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Edit: Goose also is a network protocol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Substation_Events#Generic_Object_Oriented_Substation_Events_.28GOOSE.29) which would further support that it plays on the technical kind of migration. [[User:Treed|Treed]] ([[User talk:Treed|talk]]) 15:17, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Maybe it is ALSO about programming, but I do not think it is first and foremost about programming. I'm not sure what you mean about the having a guide? There is no goose designated guide? If there is some goose whose label refers directly to programming then maybe that could be explained in the table. Or later down the line after explaining goose migration. Apart from Kevin this looks very much like real geese migrating, with one arm often longer than the other and often a few birds flying inside the V. And no problem to fix the table, just found another table and copy pasted from that ;-) And hope you will add more to this wiki. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 16:00, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::I understand what you mean now, it's obviously showing the animals described as &amp;quot;migrating geese&amp;quot;. I for some reason thought it's meant like &amp;quot;Installing Internet Explorer on Linux&amp;quot;, not as a description but as a guide title/process (stress on migrating, not on geese). Like that you're obviously right, I just had the wrong approach and couldn't think around it. Good that there's explainXKCD. It's cause I'm dumb. :) [[User:Treed|Treed]] ([[User talk:Treed|talk]]) 17:20, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The quarterback is usually in the second row of an American football formation like the associated goose.{{unsigned ip|172.68.18.239}}&lt;br /&gt;
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You would think Randal would have made a reference to Ramanujan, since this is the 1729th comic, yet he doesn't. --[[User:Jessep13|Jessep13]] ([[User talk:Jessep13|talk]]) 22:52, 5 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Because of {{w|Taxicab number}}'s... Well it's a very small audience and has he referenced him before? There may be an obscure reference to him in [[599: Apocalypse]], but not directly. So I think it's not strange, but funny reading so thanks ;-) --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 13:36, 6 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Any idea what the 'comptroller' is doing in the formation? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.229.49|108.162.229.49]]&lt;br /&gt;
:crewing the comptrols, clearly. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.34.208|172.69.34.208]] 20:25, 2 August 2020 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Europe, Kevin is a name, but it also became an insult in gaming community as someone who's is like an arrogant child, or a noob that don't understand what he's doing.{{unsigned ip|108.162.229.112}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'Damnit Kevin' is a meme. It is used when something goes wrong or someone is really dump. There is also a youth word/name &amp;quot;Alpha Kevin&amp;quot; meant as an insult (like King of idiots). See: http://9gag.com/gag/aqZn9yp/god-f-king-damnit-kevin, http://de.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Dammit%20Kevin!, https://www.reddit.com/r/Wellthatsucks/comments/40gzbl/damnit_kevin/ and more {{unsigned ip|162.158.85.9}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Am I the only one that was hoping for a taxicab number comic? Anyways, I don't see any special meaning to &amp;quot;forth in line for the throne&amp;quot; (as in, who is 1st, 2nd, 3rd). [[Special:Contributions/162.158.126.231|162.158.126.231]] 01:52, 7 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I am almost certain that Kevin is a reference to the character from the comic Poorly drawn lines, that is the first thing that popped into my head and Randall lists it under &amp;quot;comics I enjoy&amp;quot; http://poorlydrawnlines.com/comic/kevins-ideas/ He is a bird that often does silly things to kick off the plot of the comic, and Kevin split off from the group of migrating birds sounds just like the start of a Poorly Drawn lines comic.[[Special:Contributions/172.68.55.72|172.68.55.72]] 11:13, 10 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It might bee that Randall stumbled over [http://fromberkshiretobuckingham.blogspot.de/2016/07/princess-charlotte-prince-george-feed.html this paparazzi photo] of Princess Charlotte [[User:Bmuenzer|Bmuenzer]] ([[User talk:Bmuenzer|talk]]) 08:38, 13 September 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The incomplete notification mentioned the possibility of slang related to royalty and the phrase &amp;quot;Head Goose.&amp;quot; I Googled the phrase in tandem with the word &amp;quot;Britain;&amp;quot; no relevant results came up. --[[User:OriginalName|OriginalName]] ([[User talk:OriginalName|talk]]) 04:53, 16 May 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Randall spelling 'dammit' with two m's could be a reference to the title text of [https://xkcd.com/559]. [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 18:52, 8 August 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:903:_Extended_Mind&amp;diff=320563</id>
		<title>Talk:903: Extended Mind</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:903:_Extended_Mind&amp;diff=320563"/>
				<updated>2023-08-08T17:30:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Title text is true - unless you happen to stumble upon any one of: {{w|Fact}}, {{w|Proof (truth)}}, {{w|Evidence}}, or {{w|Truth}}. Then you'll be stranded in an eternal loop. &lt;br /&gt;
:What do you mean? {{w|Fact}} works fine, you get there in 7 steps. Proof gets you there in 6 - you go to {{w|Necessity and Sufficiency}} not {{w|Evidence}}. Same for {{w|Evidence}}. {{w|Truth}} leads you to {{w|Fact}}. So all of your examples actually work.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:T0IVI|T0IVI]] ([[User talk:T0IVI|talk]]) 09:27, 28 December 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Also, I add another rule to my wikiwalks: No purple links. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.218.101|108.162.218.101]] 21:05, 28 March 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Logic''' leads you to '''reason''', which leads you to '''consciousness''', which leads you to '''quality''', which leads you to '''propery''', which takes you back to logic.&lt;br /&gt;
::Really? I got Logic -&amp;gt; Logical form -&amp;gt; Philosophy. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.65.114|172.68.65.114]] 16:22, 26 May 2019 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Mulan15262|Mulan15262]] ([[User talk:Mulan15262|talk]]) 23:33, 22 May 2014 (UTC)[[User:Mulan15262|Mulan15262]]&lt;br /&gt;
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Yeah, I hit a loop on the page Community. Went right from National community to Community again. {{unsigned|69.91.105.111}}&lt;br /&gt;
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These infinite loops seem to be 'fixed', I went through fact and other stuff right to philosophy.{{unsigned|141.35.48.11}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Another loop is &amp;quot;England&amp;quot;. It goes right to &amp;quot;Countries of the United Kingdom&amp;quot; which returns immediately to England. &lt;br /&gt;
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Found one! Logic now seems to go to arguments and right back. 6/3/2016 in case it changes. {{unsigned ip|108.162.219.70}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Changed arguments goes to philosophy [[Special:Contributions/162.158.63.58|162.158.63.58]] 19:33, 12 April 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Finally we all end up in {{w|Reality}}. [[Special:Contributions/85.178.28.173|85.178.28.173]] 21:16, 29 May 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I do have to say that the best loop that doesn't feed to Philosophy is {{w|Sand Fence}} and {{w|Snow Fence}}. The first sentence of each article is identical except for switching the instances of sand and snow. --[[Special:Contributions/68.97.21.122|68.97.21.122]] 05:17, 6 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:actually sand fence leads to fence, which leads eventually to fortification, military, lethal force, human being, and that obviously that leads up to philosophy. what made you think that a fence would let you escape this trap that is philosophy.[[User:TheJonyMyster|TheJonyMyster]] ([[User talk:TheJonyMyster|talk]]) 03:07, 20 February 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:: The Sand Fence &amp;lt;--&amp;gt; Snow Fence loop used to exist, but the articles have now been substantially updated. Like you've noted, Sand Fence now reaches Philosophy, and thus so does Snow Fence (which still links to Sand Fence). --[[User:Pudder|Pudder]] ([[User talk:Pudder|talk]]) 08:45, 20 February 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::: I get stuck in the Sand Fence &amp;lt;--&amp;gt; Snow Fence loop! Except you hit the cleanup link in the cleanup-banner. But how did you get to Sand Fence in the first place ? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.253.144|108.162.253.144]] 00:22, 30 May 2015 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saying that everything ends up in &amp;quot;philosophy&amp;quot; is simply choosing from a long list of possible entries to suit an argument.  I found it much more interesting, having gotten to philosophy, to keep going through the loop, then to see where certain pages drop you into said loop.  The loop currenty is reality, existence, world, human, hominini, tribe, biology, natural science, sciences, knowledge, fact, proof, necessity and sufficiency, logic, reason, consciousness, quality (philosophy), property (philosophy), modern philosophy, then finally philosophy.  It's as if we've stumbled upon a new classification of knowledge.  If only we could look recursively at ALL the things that lead into a certain topic in the loop.  For example, goat drops you into the loop at biology, which makes perfect sense, but Volvo drops you in at natural sciences from a very convoluted path which includes physics, time, dimension, list of time periods, and scandinavia.  In other words, it's the journey not the destination that I find interesting. - naginalf [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.40|108.162.216.40]] 15:39, 12 March 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I got Philosophy, Existence, Reality, Object of the mind, Intentionality, Anslem of Canterbury, Aosta, Aosta Valley, Regions of Italy, Administrative division, Sovereign state, Polity, Politics, Sovereignty, Noun, Word, Linguistics, Language, Communication, Self, Consciousness, Sentience, Emotion., Mental state, World, Reality, Object of the mind, Object (philosophy), Philosophy. [[User:GcGYSF(asterisk)P(vertical line)e|GcGYSF(asterisk)P(vertical line)e]] ([[User talk:GcGYSF(asterisk)P(vertical line)e|talk]]) 21:22, 22 February 2022 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Randall is either mistaken or intentionally misinformative (or rather, politically correct) in his IQ estimates. What's a car hyperbole aside, the cluelessness, sentence length, and spelling of the outage-messages remind of a person in their low 90s-high 80s, if not lower, and Randall is clearly more than 120, (conservative) average for physics majors as it might be. [[Special:Contributions/178.42.101.38|178.42.101.38]] 20:08, 13 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:He said himself that he '''tries not to get too specific with those things'''. And besides, the exact IQ drop doesn't matter, it's just there to make a point. But anyway, a quick check shows it is incorrect, the average IQ for a physics major is about 130, while average IQ is about 90~110, which means dropping 30 points would not reduce his intelligence to the point where he doesn't know what a car is. [[User:Herobrine|Herobrine]] ([[User talk:Herobrine|talk]]) 09:10, 5 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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;What can we learn?&lt;br /&gt;
I've learned that memorizing facts is so yesteryear. Over next few years facts will be even easier to find, understand, use, reference and forget. When in school we should concentrate not on memorizing facts we can look up later, but rather new methods to think outside the box full of facts others placed inside it. (Thank you Mr. XKCD) - [[User:E-inspired|E-inspired]] ([[User talk:E-inspired|talk]]) 13:42, 28 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: That is true, but the overhead for looking something up versus remembering it is usually great enough that memorizing some things (multiplication tables come to mind) can increase the speed we can arrive at conclusions, or can give us other options (correlation between spark plug gapping and engine performance) that might not have come to mind otherwise. Outside of that, even though we forget much of it, having a vague sense of things (dates, locations/countries, etc) allow us to start out knowing at least something (order of things that occurred, Egypt being in Africa, Pythagorean theorem). This is just my opinion, and I may be biased, since I like facts. [[User:Tryc|Tryc]] ([[User talk:Tryc|talk]]) 13:19, 25 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You can't teach everyone to think outside the box, that would spoil my advantage over the common man. [[Special:Contributions/184.66.160.91|184.66.160.91]] 03:03, 26 August 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wikiloop: (noun) A loop that results in wikipedia articles from clicking the first link not in brackets or italics over and over again. &lt;br /&gt;
Here is the most commonly encountered wikiloop. (Reality is also the first link in Philosophy) --[[User:ParadoX|ParadoX]] ([[User talk:ParadoX|talk]]) 09:03, 13 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Reality&lt;br /&gt;
Existence&lt;br /&gt;
World&lt;br /&gt;
Human&lt;br /&gt;
Primate&lt;br /&gt;
Mammal&lt;br /&gt;
Clade&lt;br /&gt;
Tree of life (biology)&lt;br /&gt;
Metaphor&lt;br /&gt;
Figure of speech&lt;br /&gt;
Word&lt;br /&gt;
Linguistics&lt;br /&gt;
Science&lt;br /&gt;
Knowledge&lt;br /&gt;
Fact&lt;br /&gt;
Reality&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
:I just tried and today the article ''Humans'' have been changed so the first word is no longer primate but Hominini. And from there you can get back to Philosophy. So you still enter a loop (of 24 steps) from when you start from Philosophy, but you end up back at Philosophy, so the rule now also applies to Philosophy. [[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 11:35, 1 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Another one is Coffee. It goes Coffee-Coffee Preparation - Coffee. {{unsigned ip|108.162.218.185}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The route is:&lt;br /&gt;
:Starting point:&lt;br /&gt;
:''Philosophy''&lt;br /&gt;
#Reality&lt;br /&gt;
#Existence&lt;br /&gt;
#World&lt;br /&gt;
#Human&lt;br /&gt;
#'''Hominini'''&lt;br /&gt;
#Tribe (biology)&lt;br /&gt;
#Biology&lt;br /&gt;
#Natural science&lt;br /&gt;
#Science&lt;br /&gt;
#Knowledge&lt;br /&gt;
#Fact&lt;br /&gt;
#Experience&lt;br /&gt;
#Experiment&lt;br /&gt;
#Hypothesis&lt;br /&gt;
#Explanation&lt;br /&gt;
#Set (mathematics)&lt;br /&gt;
#Mathematics&lt;br /&gt;
#Quantity&lt;br /&gt;
#Property (philosophy)&lt;br /&gt;
#Logic&lt;br /&gt;
#Reason&lt;br /&gt;
#Consciousness&lt;br /&gt;
#Quality (philosophy)&lt;br /&gt;
#''Philosophy''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Just tried the philosophy test from {{w|The Lion King}} movie, (20 years anniversary - [[891: Movie Ages |it makes you feel old]]) and it of course also worked from there ;-) [[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 11:35, 1 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;wikipedia outages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was a major outage in 2005 when a power failure hit their database servers http://cyberbrahma.com/power-corrupts-power-failure-corrupts-absolutely/. I also remember countless minor outages over the years (though not recently). -- plugwash&lt;br /&gt;
:And just after I wrote the above wikipedia went down....... -- plugwash {{unsigned}}&lt;br /&gt;
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::Yeah, a link like {{w|Sand Fence}} should be work like {{w|Sand fence}}, but it doesn't right now. So some outages for the &amp;quot;Extended Mind&amp;quot;... --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 00:10, 14 February 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I found another loop - start with any President of the United States, and it'll end up looping between &amp;quot;United States Constitution&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Supremacy Clause.&amp;quot; [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.70|173.245.54.70]] 14:08, 20 June 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Doesn't work for my favorite sport for the time. There is a loop between &amp;quot;Decathlon&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Combined track and field events&amp;quot;... {{unsigned ip|108.162.219.63}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A loop exists at mathematics. Mathematics -&amp;gt; Quantity -&amp;gt; Counting -&amp;gt; Finite Set -&amp;gt; Mathematics. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.50.240|173.245.50.240]] 19:25, 4 August 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I tried Higgs Boson, Masiakasaurus, and Minecraft. They go to Philosophy. I did find a loop on linguistics however. I started on a. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.189.217|172.68.189.217]] 02:26, 6 December 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I hit the &amp;quot;random&amp;quot; button 10 times and got stuck in a loop with Knowledge, Facts, Semiotics, and Mathematics. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.48.99|173.245.48.99]] 22:47, 23 February 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence Existence] currently has a &amp;quot;please improve it&amp;quot; banner. It could be improved by making the first link lead to &amp;quot;philosophy&amp;quot;. ;) [[User:Fabian42|Fabian42]] ([[User talk:Fabian42|talk]]) 09:28, 8 June 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hm, the template for the sidebar already comes first in the source code. So if you define &amp;quot;first link&amp;quot; to be the first one in order of source code, then the first link to an article is already &amp;quot;philosophy&amp;quot;. But before that, there's &amp;quot;series&amp;quot;, which links to Category:Philosophy, that to Category:Branches_of_philosophy (in the table of contents), that to Category:Aesthetics, then Aesthetics, then actually &amp;quot;philosophy&amp;quot;! [[User:Fabian42|Fabian42]] ([[User talk:Fabian42|talk]]) 09:33, 8 June 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Searched wikipedia for deinotherium, ended up in an eternal loop from “Mathematics” did not encounter “Philosophy”. Why, title text?!? --[[Special:Contributions/172.69.210.22|172.69.210.22]] 20:53, 25 June 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fun fact: on Wikipedia, if you end up on either &amp;quot;Fact&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Truth&amp;quot;, you end up in an infinite loop with &amp;quot;Reality&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Imaginary&amp;quot; in between. {{unsigned ip|162.158.234.10}}&lt;br /&gt;
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Starting at 'High Kings of Ireland', you run into an infinite loop between 'reality' and 'existence' after 16 links. (Technically though, the Existence article is part of a series on philosophy... so again, it ends up to philosophy)&lt;br /&gt;
Any one up for writing a program that searches for wiki articles and marks ones that go into infinite loops to be 'fixed' so that they go to psychology? 03:56, 12 October 2018 (UTC)-☃ {{unsigned ip|172.68.58.233}}&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Most instances of this not working are because of endless loops&amp;quot; -- actually, since Wikipedia has a finite number of pages, there are literally only three possibilities -- getting to Philosophy, an endless loop (without Philosophy), or ending up on a page with no (valid) links at all.  And such pages are rarely used as another page's first link, although an example must exist somewhere.  [[Special:Contributions/162.158.88.254|162.158.88.254]] 12:38, 3 December 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The title text is wrong. I started this and ended up on Wiktionary between two different capitalizations of &amp;quot;nep&amp;quot;. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.143.82|172.68.143.82]] 21:06, 14 July 2020 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Update on the looping situation: As of now, every link I tried leads to &amp;quot;Philosophy&amp;quot; except those that wind up at &amp;quot;Fact&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Truth&amp;quot;, both those pages now refer to each other in their first link. For those curious as to *why* the title text is (usually) true but can't be bothered to check: Most articles start by stating the more generic form of the topic, like &amp;quot;Car is a kind of &amp;lt;vehicle&amp;gt;&amp;quot;. It tends to get more and more generic until you hit a field of science, at which point you inevitably get led to the page on &amp;quot;Science&amp;quot;, which eventually leads to &amp;quot;Philosophy&amp;quot; --[[Special:Contributions/141.101.99.32|141.101.99.32]] 10:30, 28 January 2022 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I also found {{w|Photosynthesis}}, which leads to {{w|Plant}}, which leads to {{w|Photosynthesis}}, ect. (9:58/12/9/2022)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I started on Cars, then I ended up in a big loop. I got close to Philosophy, though.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I updated the text and linked to the Wikipedia article describing this phenomenon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Getting_to_Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As of June 27th 2023, {{w|Science}} no longer works (it goes to {{w|Knowledge}} →  {{w|Awareness}} → {{w|Psychology}} and then back to science). (https://web.archive.org/save/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science https://web.archive.org/web/20230627155638/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge https://web.archive.org/web/20230627155647/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awareness https://web.archive.org/web/20230627155658/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology) [[User:ProgrammerG|ProgrammerG 🦀]] ([[User talk:ProgrammerG|talk]]) 15:59, 27 June 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:From what I've tried just now, it seems like most articles lead to Science now, instead of Philosophy. [[User:ProgrammerG|ProgrammerG 🦀]] ([[User talk:ProgrammerG|talk]]) 16:19, 27 June 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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{{w|Branches of science}}, which A lot of links lead to, no longer works. It goes to {{w|Formal science}} and then back to {{w|Branches of science}}. [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 17:30, 8 August 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1490:_Atoms&amp;diff=320495</id>
		<title>1490: Atoms</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=1490:_Atoms&amp;diff=320495"/>
				<updated>2023-08-08T01:25:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */ Paragraph Fusion!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 1490&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = February 23, 2015&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Atoms&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = atoms.png&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = When I was little I had trouble telling my dad apart from the dog. I always recognized my mom because she had a bunch of extra plutoniums in her middle. I never did ask her why...&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
This comic shows another quirky and fantastical ability of [[Beret Guy]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this comic, [[Megan]] is preparing a sample of what appears to be some mineral for {{w|elemental analysis}}. It seems to be some kind of {{w|silicate}} containing a small amount of {{w|iron}} (a common example of this would be {{w|red sandstone}}), and she is running a test to see if it contains {{w|beryllium}} (a rarer element whose best-known natural form is as a component of {{w|emerald}}).  Such analyses typically involve many instruments and steps to prepare the sample.  However, Beret Guy seems to be able to identify all the elements the substance is composed of just by eyeballing it, making him perhaps the perfect elemental analysis instrument.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To confirm this, Megan asks Beret Guy what he sees when he looks at her face, expecting that a normal person would describe the arrangement of colors and features that they see. Since Beret Guy sees the atoms Megan is composed of (mostly {{w|Composition_of_the_human_body|oxygen, carbon and hydrogen}}) he only notices the unusual atoms. In this case he sees the metal atoms her {{w|Dental_restoration#Materials_used|dental fillings}} are composed of. This shows his &amp;quot;atomic vision&amp;quot; extends beyond the surface of the substances. Megan finds this bizarre and asks Beret Guy what is wrong with him. He states that he has always suspected he contains too much {{w|zinc}}, which he believes makes people think he is weird, thus missing Megan's point: what is weird is not Beret Guy's elemental content, but his ability to apparently see everything as atoms sorted by element.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
High zinc intake ({{w|Zinc toxicity|zinc toxicity}}) can cause nausea, vomiting, pain, cramps and diarrhea. It also reduces copper absorption, which affects the immune system. However, it does not grant superhuman sensory abilities.{{Citation needed}} That is solely a function of [https://coppermind.net/wiki/Tin tin].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The comic continues the theme of Beret Guy's naive misunderstandings of scientific terminology turning to be literally true.  In a previous [[1486: Vacuum|comic]] his misinterpretation of the notion of energy in the vacuum resulted in him gaining significant superpowers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the title text, the concept is taken even further: Beret Guy found his dad indistinguishable from a dog.  This is likely because all mammals are essentially made of the same basic elements.  Absent a distinguishing element from either his dad or the dog, they would appear to be the same.  He could, however, apparently distinguish his mother because she contained {{w|plutonium}}.  This is a very unusual occurrence that cannot possibly occur naturally in humans.{{Citation needed}}  Some possible explanations are:&lt;br /&gt;
#She had an {{w|Radioisotope thermoelectric generator|RTG}}-powered pacemaker (a few hundred were made in the 1970s).&lt;br /&gt;
#She lived near Los Alamos during the second world war and was a member of the [http://warisboring.com/articles/the-scientists-who-pee-plutonium/ UPPU club (translated as “You pee Pu!”)].  Alternatively, she could have been exposed to another source such as {{w|radioactive contamination from the Rocky Flats Plant}}.&lt;br /&gt;
#She was one of {{w|The Stepford Wives}} robots.&lt;br /&gt;
#She was the victim of some unidentified, unethical medical experimentation. &lt;br /&gt;
It is also possible that Beret Guy's mother containing plutonium is probably intended as a whimsical explanation of his powers. The presence of plutonium in his mother may be the source of his own differences: radioactive exposure (in this case, potentially in utero) is a {{tvtropes|ILoveNuclearPower|common source of superpowers}} in comic books and other fiction (though unfortunately, this does not work in real life{{Citation needed}}).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's not clear whether his mother's plutonium is related to his &amp;quot;too many zincs&amp;quot;.  One explanation for Beret Guy having too much zinc could be that his mother's plutonium changed into zinc through the process of {{w|radioactive decay}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is worth noting that the verbs &amp;quot;recognized&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;had&amp;quot; in the title text are written in past tense. This presents the possibility that Beret Guy's mother passed away due to {{w|radiation sickness}} from exposure to the radiation originating from the plutonium in her middle. This possibility is further evidenced when Beret Guy adds &amp;quot;I never did ask her why...&amp;quot;, indicating that he may no longer have the opportunity to do so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The English physicist {{w|Henry Moseley}} discovered the law relating the {{w|atomic number}} of elements with their {{w|characteristic x-ray|characteristic x-rays}} when bombarded by free electrons, providing physical evidence for the {{w|periodic table}}, the {{w|Bohr Model}} of the atom and the concept of {{w|atomic number}}. In doing so he developed a method of identifying elements in a substance by bombarding them in a vacuum with electrons and using {{w|x-ray diffraction}} methods to measure the resulting X-rays. A famous French chemist brought him a complicated mixture of {{w|Rare Earth element|Rare Earth elements}}, many of which had only recently been discovered, to test his method. Within a short time, Mosley amazed the chemist by identifying all the elements by number using his method and referring to his chart to name them. This comic may therefore be subtly alluding to this method by suggesting that Beret Guy's eyes can fire electrons at anything he looks at and &amp;quot;read&amp;quot; the resulting X-ray radiation, giving him the ability to identify the composite elements in a similar manner.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Megan stands at a table and is preparing a sample for some kind of analysis in a device, when Beret Guy walks in.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: What're you doing?&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: Testing a sample for beryllium.&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: That? Yeah, there's a bunch of berylliums.&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: How do you know?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Megan turns to Beret Guy who takes the sample and looks at it.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Look at it! See? Tons of oxygens and silicons, a few irons but definitely some berylliums too! Can't you see them?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[They continue to talk.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: No, I can’t see a list of the atoms in a thing by looking.&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: How do you tell what things are?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Zoom in on Megan.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: This is ridiculous. Look at me. What do you see?&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy (off-panel): You have tons of metal in your face. Lots of fillings, I guess?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Megan stares at Beret Guy who takes a looks at his own arm.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Megan: What's '''''wrong''''' with you?&lt;br /&gt;
:Beret Guy: Too many zincs? I’ve always worried I had too much zinc and everyone thought I was weird.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*In the original version of the comic there was a typo in the title text, ''form'' instead of ''from'':&lt;br /&gt;
**I had trouble telling my dad apart '''form''' the dog.&lt;br /&gt;
Could possibly explain [[452: Mission]] if he believes all carbon based objects to be scones.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cagegory:Chemistry]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Beret Guy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Strange powers of Beret Guy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320075</id>
		<title>2809: Moon</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320075"/>
				<updated>2023-08-01T14:57:28Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2809&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = July 31, 2023&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Moon&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = moon_2x.png&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize = 313x402px&lt;br /&gt;
| noexpand  = true&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I mean, it's pretty, but it doesn't really affect us beyond that. Except that half the nights aren't really dark, and once or twice a day it makes the oceans flood the coasts.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a STRANGE ORB FLOATING IN THE SKY. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Moon}} is a celestial body orbiting Earth, first formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago - about 50 million years after the initial formation of the solar system. As of today, the Moon is still orbiting the Earth{{Citation needed}} at a distance of approximately 384,400 kilometers, or about 238,900 miles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic points out how weird it is to have such an enormous celestial body near to us. The Moon has a radius more than one quarter of Earth's, and is around one eightieth of Earth's mass, and is close enough that we can see the craters and other stuff on the surface with our naked eye, though a telescope would help. The second nearest body of comparable size, Venus, is approximately 46.576 million kilometers away at its closest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are other planets with moons, but Earth's moon is very big compared to Earth - Mars's moons are way smaller and the biggest moon in our solar system, Ganymede, is just twice as massive with 1.5 the radius, despite orbiting Jupiter, which is 317 times more massive than Earth with 11 times the radius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In human history, we have landed twelve people on the moon in the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972. Despite advancements in technology since then, we have yet to land another person on the Moon{{Citation needed}}, though plans are being made.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to two facts about how the Moon majorly impacts life on Earth, which, by the comic, also would seem strange if they weren't real. Firstly the lunar cycle, in which in roughly half the time, the Moon's orbit is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and (being visibly at least half-illuminated, whilst there, except briefly during rare eclipses) provides a low but significant amount of reflected illumination that nature (as well as humanity) has found a nocturnal use for. Secondly, the tides, a very nearly twice-daily cycle where the Moon's gravity, modified by the Sun's, subtly pulls upon the Earth and drags the waters of the seas and oceans around, periodically increases the sea levels in most places. To a lesser extent the Moon's gravity also drags land up, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_tide]. Most people have a naïve point of view that these effects are minor and incidental, underestimating the profound ways in which they have shaped the history of the Earth. This reflects general attitudes - we like the Moon because it is close to us, but tend to be relatively unaware of its huge significance. This comic may be a way to call out how interesting and important the Moon is to humanity and the Earth in general.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail is pointing and looking up to the left, while Cueball behind her looks the same way.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: That thing hanging in the sky is a second nearby world. It's close enough that you can see its surface as it passes overhead.&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Wow. Isn't that ... weird?&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: I dunno, it's just always been there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel:]&lt;br /&gt;
:If it didn't exist, the moon would sound like such an outlandish sci-fi concept.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*Earth's moon is weird for additional reasons. &lt;br /&gt;
**Firstly, it is by far the largest and most massive moon relative to the planet it orbits. &lt;br /&gt;
**Secondly, our moon is the only moon in the solar system to not have a proper name, not even a jumble of letters and numbers. In English it is simply given the proper name of &amp;quot;the Moon&amp;quot; (capitalized), being the ancient archetype for all other moons discovered since the time of Galileo, although it can also be described by other titles  such as &amp;quot;Luna&amp;quot; (directly taken from from Latin mythology/astronomy).&lt;br /&gt;
**Thirdly, it is exactly the same apparent size as the Sun in the sky which enables total solar eclipses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320074</id>
		<title>2809: Moon</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320074"/>
				<updated>2023-08-01T14:52:31Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */ really?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2809&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = July 31, 2023&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Moon&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = moon_2x.png&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize = 313x402px&lt;br /&gt;
| noexpand  = true&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I mean, it's pretty, but it doesn't really affect us beyond that. Except that half the nights aren't really dark, and once or twice a day it makes the oceans flood the coasts.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a STRANGE ORB FLOATING IN THE SKY. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Moon}} is a celestial body orbiting Earth, first formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago - about 50 million years after the initial formation of the solar system. As of today (August 1st, 2023), the Moon is still orbiting the Earth{{Citation needed}} at a distance of approximately 384,400 kilometers, or about 238,900 miles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic points out how weird it is to have such an enormous celestial body near to us. The Moon has a radius more than one quarter of Earth's, and is around one eightieth of Earth's mass, and is close enough that we can see the craters and other stuff on the surface with our naked eye, though a telescope would help. The second nearest body of comparable size, Venus, is approximately 46.576 million kilometers away at its closest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are other planets with moons, but Earth's moon is very big compared to Earth - Mars's moons are way smaller and the biggest moon in our solar system, Ganymede, is just twice as massive with 1.5 the radius, despite orbiting Jupiter, which is 317x more massive than Earth with 11x bigger radius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In human history, we have landed twelve people on the moon in the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972. Despite advancements in technology since then, we have yet to land another person on the Moon{{Citation needed}}, though plans are being made.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to two facts about how the Moon majorly impacts life on Earth, which also would seem strange if they weren't real. Firstly the lunar cycle, in which the Moon's orbit is roughly half the time on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and (being visibly at least half-illuminated, whilst there, except briefly during rare eclipses) provides a low but significant amount of reflected illumination that nature (as well as humanity) has found a nocturnal use for. Secondly, the tides, a very nearly twice-daily cycle where the Moon's gravity (modified by the Sun's) subtly pulls upon the Earth and drags the waters of the seas and oceans around, periodically increases the sea levels in most places. To lesser extend the Moon's gravity also drags land up, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_tide]. However, it reflects a naïve view that these effects are minor and incidental, underestimating the profound ways in which they have shaped the history of the Earth. This reflects general attitudes - we like the Moon because it is close to us, but tend to be relatively unaware of it's huge significance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail is pointing and looking up to the left, while Cueball behind her looks the same way.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: That thing hanging in the sky is a second nearby world. It's close enough that you can see its surface as it passes overhead.&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Wow. Isn't that ... weird?&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: I dunno, it's just always been there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel:]&lt;br /&gt;
:If it didn't exist, the moon would sound like such an outlandish sci-fi concept.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
*Earth's moon is weird for additional reasons. &lt;br /&gt;
**Firstly, it is by far the largest and most massive moon relative to the planet it orbits. &lt;br /&gt;
**Secondly, our moon is the only moon in the solar system to not have a proper name, not even a jumble of letters and numbers. In English it is simply given the proper name of &amp;quot;the Moon&amp;quot; (capitalized), being the ancient archetype for all other moons discovered since the time of Galileo, although it can also be described by other titles  such as &amp;quot;Luna&amp;quot; (directly taken from from Latin mythology/astronomy).&lt;br /&gt;
**Thirdly, it is exactly the same apparent size as the Sun in the sky which enables total solar eclipses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320067</id>
		<title>2809: Moon</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=2809:_Moon&amp;diff=320067"/>
				<updated>2023-08-01T13:07:43Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Explanation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{comic&lt;br /&gt;
| number    = 2809&lt;br /&gt;
| date      = July 31, 2023&lt;br /&gt;
| title     = Moon&lt;br /&gt;
| image     = moon_2x.png&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize = 313x402px&lt;br /&gt;
| noexpand  = true&lt;br /&gt;
| titletext = I mean, it's pretty, but it doesn't really affect us beyond that. Except that half the nights aren't really dark, and once or twice a day it makes the oceans flood the coasts.&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Explanation==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete|Created by a STRANGE ORB FLOATING IN THE SKY. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The {{w|Moon}} is a celestial body orbiting Earth, first formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago - about 50 million years after the initial formation of the solar system. As of today (August 1st, 2023), the Moon is still orbiting the Earth{{Citation needed}} at a distance of approximately 384,400 kilometers, or about 238,900 miles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This comic points out how weird it is to have such an enormous celestial body near to us. The Moon has a radius more than one quarter of Earth's, and is around one eightieth of Earth's mass, and is close enough that we can see the craters and other stuff on the surface with our naked eye, though a telescope would help. The second nearest body of comparable size, Venus, is approximately 46.576 million kilometers away at its closest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are other planets with moons, but Earth's moon is very big compared to Earth - Mars's moons are way smaller and the biggest moon in our solar system, Ganymede, is just twice as massive with 1.5 the radius, despite orbiting Jupiter, which is 317x more massive than Earth with 11x bigger radius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In human history, we have landed twelve people on the moon in the Apollo missions from 1969 to 1972. Despite advancements in technology since then, we have yet to land another person on the Moon{{Citation needed}}, though plans are being made.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The title text refers to two facts about how the Moon majorly impacts life on Earth, which also would seem strange if they weren't real. Firstly the lunar cycle, in which the Moon's orbit is roughly half the time on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun and (being visibly at least half-illuminated, whilst there, except briefly during rare eclipses) provides a low but significant amount of reflected illumination that nature (as well as humanity) has found a nocturnal use for. Secondly, the tides, a very nearly twice-daily cycle where the Moon's gravity (modified by the Sun's) subtly pulls upon the Earth and drags the waters of the seas and oceans around, periodically increases the sea levels in most places. However, it reflects a naïve view that these effects are minor and incidental, underestimating the profound ways in which they have shaped the history of the Earth. This reflects general attitudes - we like the Moon 'cause it is close to us, but tend to be relatively unaware of it's huge significance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transcript==&lt;br /&gt;
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}&lt;br /&gt;
:[Ponytail points to something in the sky, presumably the moon. Cueball stands nearby.]&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: That thing hanging in the sky is a second nearby world. It's close enough that you can see its surface as it passes overhead.&lt;br /&gt;
:Cueball: Wow. Isn't that... weird?&lt;br /&gt;
:Ponytail: I dunno, it's just always been there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:[Caption below the panel:]&lt;br /&gt;
:If it didn't exist, the moon would sound like such an outlandish sci-fi concept.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Trivia==&lt;br /&gt;
Earth's moon is weird for an additional two reasons. First, it is by far the largest and most massive moon relative to the planet it orbits. Secondly, our moon is the only moon in the solar system to not have a proper name, not even a jumble of letters and numbers. In English it is simply given the proper name of &amp;quot;the Moon&amp;quot; (capitalized), being the ancient archetype for all other moons discovered since the time of Galileo, although it can also be described by other titles such as &amp;quot;Luna&amp;quot; (directly taken from from Latin mythology/astronomy).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{comic discussion}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2806:_Anti-Vaxxers&amp;diff=319978</id>
		<title>Talk:2806: Anti-Vaxxers</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:2806:_Anti-Vaxxers&amp;diff=319978"/>
				<updated>2023-07-30T02:34:52Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Please sign your posts with ~~~~ and don't delete this text. New comments should be added at the bottom.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Did he forget to write a punchline?&lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/172.70.131.58|172.70.131.58]] 05:31, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
OH NO!!!!&lt;br /&gt;
:I think this comic is just a comment, not a joke.  [[User:Beanie|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;text-shadow:0 0 6px black;font-size:11pt;color:#dddddd&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Beanie]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; [[User talk:Beanie|&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;text-shadow:0 0 3px black;font-size:8pt;color:#dddddd&amp;quot;&amp;gt;talk]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 18:35, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nah punchline is in the title text [[User:LentilLord|LentilLord]] ([[User talk:LentilLord|talk]]) 06:15, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Randall appears to express a &amp;quot;99th percentile fallacy&amp;quot;, in which intelligent people (1%ers of a type) assume that all people will reason in the same way that they do, and will arrive at the same conclusions, if they will only try. The Wikipedia article on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy vaccine hesitancy] contains (rough estimate) some 12,500 words, most of which discuss factors associated with the origin (a long time ago), propagation, and persistence of anti-vaccination movements and other forms of vaccine hesitancy. Twelve thousand words is not congruent with &amp;quot;simple&amp;quot;. A common thread may be: the embracing and aggressive assertion of vaccine hesitancy, irrespective of any factual accuracy, represents the assertion of power over the intellectual 1%, which is attractive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Meter_Telescope Especially when it works.] [[Special:Contributions/172.70.210.45|172.70.210.45]] 07:09, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: It's true that people have made the topic as lot more complex than it actually is, by coming up with many rationalisations and conspiracies to try to justify being anti-vax, and drawing unjustified conclusions from anecdotal correlations. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.55|172.71.160.55]] 12:59, 25 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: One notable point is the herd immunity. Unlike lot of other vaccinated illnesses, there is no herd immunity from covid, because no matter how many vaccines you take and how many times you had covid, you can still spread it. Several politicians argued based on herd immunity even long after this became known. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 18:31, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Noteable point and useful illustration of the whole topic... There is no vaccine that produces herd immunity YET. But you write as if there never could be...[[User:Tier666|Tier666]] ([[User talk:Tier666|talk]]) 07:29, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Herd immunity, as professed by those that mostly use that term in this context, is via ''not'' being immunised but &amp;quot;catching it normally, surviving (whilst passing it on to others, to hopefully repeat the process in everyone else) and forevermore not being bothered by it again&amp;quot;. Of course, that requires surviving (not guaranteed, especially for some you'd be passing it on to) and gaining perpetual infection-induced-resistence (also not guaranteed, it turns out).&lt;br /&gt;
:::Immunising everyone, who ''can'' be immunised, drastically reduces the threat of individual fatality (rather than significant risk of dying from the virus, a non-zero but still magnitudes less risk from the injection) and yet actually throttles down the spreadability of the real thing to a similar degree (especially with pro-active variant-tuned boosters). Which is just basic immunity for most, acting as herd immunity who can't/won't be immunised if there aren't too many in the latter camp. But better just to be directly immunised where you don't have a very good reason to rely upon the protective status of everyone else around you. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.90.25|172.70.90.25]] 09:53, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::I'm certainly not in the loop on every instance of someone using the term herd immunity, but it seems to me that it's always been used in the sense of protecting people who cannot safely become immune from infection by developing immunity among most other people, by ''either'' vaccination or by natural infection.  Do you have any examples of herd immunity excluding immunization?[[Special:Contributions/162.158.62.120|162.158.62.120]] 20:25, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Just take your mind back to the post-outbreak/pre-vaccine period of COVID, when there were those saying that &amp;quot;we don't need lockdowns&amp;quot;, or testing, or restrictions of whatever degree of personal liberty they considered to be unduly infringed. Instead just let the virus do its thing (in a &amp;quot;bring it on!&amp;quot; way) and then we'll have herd immunity. Ok, so it was before the western world was clocking up deaths measured in ''way'' more than mere unfortunate handfuls. And when it was still generally imagined by even the experts that it was &amp;quot;catch it once, never again, and the coronavirus doesn't really mutate that quickly&amp;quot; scenario, but it ''was'' the main argument rolled out by the 'passive resistance to even reasonable authority' crowd, treating every suggested precaution as over-reach. Very loosely, as in overlapping in most ways but time, the proto-anti-vaxxers who just hadn't yet been presented a vaccine to actually be anti- to.&lt;br /&gt;
:::::As I said, the 'proper' use of the Herd Immunity term is relevent to mass-vaccinations to shut off as many potential infection vectors as possible. But in the context of those already tilted against vaccines it tends to have been the buzzword for using 'pox parties' and other casual disregard for the dangers of live-and-wild viruses which, by design, only increases the spreading potential. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.178.173|172.71.178.173]] 21:13, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::There was definitely a sense pre-vaccine that, once enough people caught it and developed natural immunity, then that would stop transmission and the pandemic would peter out.  But that's still herd immunity.  Your distinguishing of &amp;quot;proper&amp;quot; use of the term isn't correct, to my understanding.  Herd immunity simply refers to enough of the population being immune so that there is a low chance of the non-immune being infected, regardless of how that immunity is developed.  It's certainly less painful to get there through large scale vaccination than through natural infection, and the nature of a particular disease and its evolution versus the effectiveness of vaccination may affect the ability to get there, but the concept of herd immunity doesn't require vaccination. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.110.149|172.70.110.149]] 13:18, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:::Never say never, but the chance is extremely low. The problem is that the immunity you get is due to antibodies in blood. Which helps if covid gets into blood, helps if it gets to lungs, but covid starts in nose and can spread from there just fine - and blood-based antibodies don't work there. There is separate immunity layer there on mucous membranes, but that one is very bad at remembering stuff long-term AND won't learn anything from injections ever. I've read about some attempts to make vaccines in form of some nasal spray, but it would need to be repeated at least every three months ... and seems those attempts failed. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 19:21, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I added a bunch of info, including a disclaimer to take this with a grain of salt. I normally don't comment on Randall's political comics, as I disagree with nearly all of them, but this one irritates me more than most and borders dangerously close to misinformation. Randall is a physicist. I don't know his familiarity with the virology world, but I would presume not much. &lt;br /&gt;
I'm a biologist by degree ''and'' career. Emphasis on microbiology. I'm not vaccinated for Covid-19. I ''never'' will be. I am vaccinated for everything else. I don't trust the vaccine for a number of reasons, not just because there are a statistically significant number of cases of severe harm and death. [[User:Darkwolf0218|Darkwolf0218]] ([[User talk:Darkwolf0218|talk]]) 07:52, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I'm glad that a vaccine dose wasn't wasted on you, and can go to someone else who deserves it. I also hope that you don't seek medical attention when you do contract the virus, because those resources can be used for better people as well.[[Special:Contributions/172.70.85.138|172.70.85.138]] 21:47, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: What a horrible thing to say to someone. It's exactly this sort of thing that makes people resist changing their minds: why would you want to have anything in common with someone who would say such terrible things?&lt;br /&gt;
: Vaccines can have very harmful effects in some cases, but isn't it still safer than the increased risk of COVID-caused death or side effects? [[User:MelodyOfStorms|MelodyOfStorms]] ([[User talk:MelodyOfStorms|talk]]) 17:55, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I don't know it it is a named bias, but I have noticed that people working in a field often don't trust their own field, because they know &amp;quot;how it is done&amp;quot;. For example, I work in the aeronautics industry, and many of my colleagues avoid flying, because they get to see everything that's done wrong and get first in line when something bad happens. But they don't realize that if you take a step back and look at the numbers, thanks to redundancy and safety margins, flying is actually quite safe. Other examples include internet security professionals who avoid online purchases.&lt;br /&gt;
:: No, the cybersecurity folks are objectively correct, it's very much a dismal science at the moment, as soft is full of holes and people are largely too gullible.  Not to mention every modern PC has a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine government-mandated backdoor]!  The question is usually not how safe you are (you aren't), but how much you have to lose.  [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.251|172.71.94.251]] 11:56, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: I'm not sure... IMO, the amount of direct, obvious hacking going around has plummeted. Main problem is all the ludicrous phishers and spam emails that pop up everywhere. Maybe it's just me, but saying that cybersecurity is essentially rotten at the core seems a bit sensationalized to me. [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 13:18, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: EVERY PC? While getting rid of Intel ME is problem, the situation is much better regarding AMD. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 18:31, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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: (Almost) nobody claims science &amp;quot;disproves&amp;quot; God, though.  The problem is actually that he ''cannot'' be disproven, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell's_teapot such] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability things] are outside the domain of science.  [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.8|172.71.94.8]] 08:03, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Likewise, it's never possible to prove that any given vaccine won't cause harm. I'm allergic to live vaccines. Just... all of them. Any live vaccine I take, I will react to. I've been told, time and again, that that's impossible, that science assures us these are safe, and yet, every time, I get symptoms of the disease. I've been a scientist, in the strictest definition of the word, for over 5 years now, and I've learned that there is nearly ''nothing'' in science that is concrete. Even the established basic laws of the universe are occasionally modified as we learn about things like quarks and antimatter. Dark matter still violates the known laws of physics, but the data suggest that it ''must'' exist. I'm also a Christian who believes that science does not disprove the existence of Creation but rather supports the idea of intelligent (or at least guided) design. We can't disprove the existence of God because it is nearly impossible to conclusively disprove '''anything''' with 100% certainty. Even things we think are true, such as the speed-of-light limitation (does light travel the same speed in both directions or does it move instantly one way and half speed back? We can never know for sure [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pTn6Ewhb27k]) are not conclusive.{{unsigned|Darkwolf0218|08:17, 25 July 2023}}&lt;br /&gt;
::Many COVID vaccines are of course not Live. Depends which country you're in whether that's your only (or dominant) option, perhaps. And my (mRNA) first shot gave me a delayed-by-a-few-hours reaction &amp;quot;as if they'd injected a virus in me&amp;quot;, which was unpleasant but (clearly) I survived to get a second (booster of the same) and third (booster of a different kind), as suggested for my particular age-slot. Neither of those caused problems, if you'd accept this  just as a self-selecting anecdote, and when I finally ''maybe'' got COVID (or just a flu-like thing that general isolation had held up, letting it hit harder once people were being much less virologically cautious again/overcompensating by licking each other constantly) it was something I suffered but survived, whereas it's hard to say that I would have beforehand.&lt;br /&gt;
::Science does ''not'' support a 'designer', it's an undefined/undefinable issue. Any Sufficiently Omnipotent God could have designed and created the world last Tuesday, with all your and my memories, experiences and beliefs in place, and it would be untestable for. Science indicates a singularity start to the universe-as-we-see-it, but finds no reason to believe a 'designer' sparked it off. They would have to be sufficiently cogniscent as to know that the particle/radiation mix would eventually coellesce into a planet upon which one particular belief system actually 'worked out' what they did (and many others made up their own, wrong, versions!). Which perhaps means that the Designer ran through the scenario in Their head before they lit the spark, which raises of the question of whether we're actually the pre-spark ''thought experiment'', being simulated to see what will work. And maybe the God Of Logic deciding upon this doesn't ''like'' beings who decide that They exist even though he left no proof, so He'll never actually create us but instead go for a more rational full on agnostic universe when They eventually do the real thing. Disprove that! (Science can't. Theology can't. Never mind, it doesn't matter to a Designer. Only to other people Designed or accidental byproducts of any other process.)&lt;br /&gt;
::There are always gaps in science, which more science tries to make narrower (or find new gaps, in the process). Religion tends to pretend there are no gaps, or papers over the gaps with temporary repairs. You can mix science and religion to your own tastes; or stick to just one and put aside the other as irrelevent - either way, but with totally different outcomes in how you deal with the world (and how the world deals with you). [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.210|141.101.98.210]] 09:16, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: One could explain to a 5-year-old why people get symptoms from vaccines - some vaccines contain a weakened version of the virus (not Covid, FWIW), while others may cause an immune system reaction to generate anti-bodies, and the immune response is where many symptoms come from. It's concerning that you claim to be a biologist and you don't seem to know this (of course, you could also just be lying about that). [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.55|172.71.160.55]] 12:59, 25 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:Please keep in mind that a &amp;quot;statistically significant number&amp;quot; is not the same as an actually significant number. Yes, there are more complications than with giving a placebo. Statistically significantly (meaning: more than can reasonably dismissed as random chance) so. No, there are not that many severe complications, especially the mRNA vaccines are quite safe. They are both statistically and actually significantly safer than a CoViD 19 infection or even the general risk of an infection and they offer significant (again statistically and actually) protection from both infection and complications thereof. Lying with statistics is a thing and it mostly happens not because of bad numbers but because people don't know how to read them. [[User:627235|627235]] ([[User talk:627235|talk]]) 12:38, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Darkwolf0218, I'm genuinely curious what your reasons are. I don't really take anyone's word for it when they say &amp;quot;statistics support me,&amp;quot; so, is there a link you can share that you feel is unanswerable? And see how the pro-vax crowd tries to answer it? I really do feel like I'm caught on the fence in a lot of this; the pro-vax crowd APPEARS to have so much expertise, but they're such smug and condescending jerks about it - and they NEVER really seem to engage with what their opponents are ACTUALLY saying - that I feel I'm forced to go to &amp;quot;neutral&amp;quot; talk pages like this one to see what the best arguments &amp;quot;for&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;against&amp;quot; actually are. Many thanks if you ever end up replying! --MeZimm [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.79|172.68.34.79]] 18:25, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::As a general note: the reason that the pro-vax crowd are smug and condescending jerks is the same reason that I, among many others, am frequently unable to be polite to flat-earthers. What do you engage with when your opponent understands nothing and is obviously wrong? What else should you do, if someone advocates a cult of death for what you intuitively know is no good reason at all? There's nothing fair. It's like calling out people who uphold the historicity of the Holocaust for being mean to Holocaust deniers: Holocaust deniers understand almost nothing about the actual event and they discredit themselves the moment they make a cogent point, so there's no point in trying to uphold false notions of equivalence of respect. At any rate, we engage with their arguments and disprove them ad-nauseam. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 16:23, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Well, what is your intention? Is it to change minds? Is it to set the record straight? Is it to learn how they think? Or is it to trash-talk people that you don't like (with the inevitable consequence of making them despise you and everything you stand for, and dig in their heels further, and also incidentally come across as an irrational jerk to any undecided people who might be reading the discussion.)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Take the flat-earth analogy: if I were to talk to someone who seemed genuinely convinced that there was a flat earth, I wouldn't suggest they were worthless or that it would be better if they were dead (as was *actually done* to Darkwolf0218 in this very thread!) I would ask what they felt was their best argument, or what (if anything) would change their minds. Depending on how they answer, I can validate whatever legitimacy there may be to their perspectives, carefully explain why I think my beliefs are justified, identify the place where our understandings diverge, fill in gaps in their knowledge which might be useful to forming a more complete understanding of the subject, and (if nothing else) show to all the people reading why my perspective is the reasonable one based on good-faith understanding of the evidence available.&lt;br /&gt;
::: And, on the off-chance that I am shown to be wrong about something, I can accept correction gracefully.&lt;br /&gt;
::: You refer to &amp;quot;death cults&amp;quot; in your response. Do you know what causes people to stay in cults? It's the perception that everyone outside the cult seems like a hostile aggressor and that the cult is the only place where they will find acceptance. People LEAVE cults when they are compassionately shown that there are better ways to live. -MeZimm [[Special:Contributions/172.68.35.41|172.68.35.41]] 17:02, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::I understand that responses can be biting and themselves dissuading. However, there's a fair amount of reasons that these comments get made so biting anyway, and maybe some of them will be illuminating.&lt;br /&gt;
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::::Plenty of people want to change minds. Some just want to trash-talk (and it's not as if this is entirely undeserved). It is also true that anti vaxers have hardly ever been historically accepting of new information or anything that doesn't fit what they've already made up about the topic, so people justifiably perceive changing minds as near-impossible (and my estimation is that even now flow from pro to anti is still higher than the converse). It also stands that anti-vaccination has hardly ever come up with any alternate responses to the COVID pandemic than just &amp;quot;keep doing what we were doing&amp;quot;, which is proven to cause more death. With that standing, and with the fact that we recognize thinly-veiled anti-vax rhetoric when we see it like with Darkwolf0218, the comment at them about not using up resources is - if not justified - entirely understandable to me.&lt;br /&gt;
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::::&amp;quot;whatever legitimacy there may be to their perspectives&amp;quot; is usually taken out of context and warped (e.g. the thalidomide scandal, which happened 60 years ago and with the drug not being approved by the FDA anyway, is being used as a recent and currently-relevant example of pharmaceutical wrongdoing). Careful explanation has been tried, and yet they just dig in or bring up the same thing again. &amp;quot;filling in gaps in their knowledge&amp;quot; is hardly effective when all those gaps magically open at the same places. And reams of papers and other writing, as well as historical evidence, have found that pro-vax is the best method. Also, any being wrong about a claim tends to be simply ignored.&lt;br /&gt;
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::::Anti-vaxxers are hardly immune to the perception that you mention, because they (and other conspiracy theorists) are quick to name-call anything that doesn't fit their view as being shilled. Compassion has been tried, yes, but the most common response by loads is &amp;quot;shut up you shill&amp;quot; or some other new argument which has already been debunked. And when you've tried everything, and none of it works... you might be tempted to vent and call it quits for the moment. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 18:35, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It's important to remember that we have all been exposed to aggressive and conflicting media and messaging. Randall's been exposed to media and messaging intended for mainstream intellectuals, whereas others have been exposed to &amp;quot;antivax&amp;quot; media and messaging. _Both_ of these are pushing a view while discrediting any counterinformation, and also contain true infornation. Combining them fairly is a noble and difficult goal. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.114.18|172.70.114.18]] 10:26, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:It's important to remember that the other side may not have nearly as aggressive or one-sided messaging as your side has. Those who oppose the scientific consensus are notoriously aggressive and tend to repeat the same things over and over again without bringing up or addressing counter-arguments, whereas many science communicators have responded to antivaxx claims. Both sides may be pushing back against what the other side is saying, but only one side is supported by like 99%+ of the people who've professionally studied the topic. Most of antivaxx is spread by celebrities and internet personalities with no scientific education. If you're inclined to try to understand everything each side is saying, go for it. But for laypeople, &amp;quot;trust the experts on their topic of expertise&amp;quot; is a fairly good rule of thumb. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.110|172.71.160.110]] 11:30, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:: That has not been my experience. My experience is that (intelligent) dissenters from mainstream views point to specific facts that appear (at least on the surface) to challenge or even debunk the mainstream view, and have specific (and eminently reasonable) questions about those facts which they cannot find a &amp;quot;mainstream&amp;quot; answer for (without being yelled at and called names, or at the very least, being told &amp;quot;don't worry about it, the experts have done your thinking for you.&amp;quot; The only people they can find actually talking about such questions are their fellow dissenters, and so it is among their fellow dissenters that they find a home. -MeZimm [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.116|172.68.34.116]] 17:25, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The problem with how covid was handled is that it incentivizes pharmaceutical manufacturers, spy agencies, and major digital service providers to stimulate pandemics. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.114.64|172.70.114.64]] 10:49, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Unrelated to the curr. comic but does anyone find it odd that Randall doesn't make any comics about the Russian invasion of Ukraine? [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 11:56, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Not really?  The only time XKCD really got political was when Trump was upon the land, usually he's not as topical.  And while the current madness is also depressing, Randall is unlikely to be affected by it as much -- enviable, really!  [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.250|172.71.94.250]] 12:06, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:It's also fair to say that an armed conflict that affects a specific group is much harder to make anything approaching a joke--whereas the pandemic was something that affected nearly everyone and had the potential to highlight themes of hope and humanity even amidst the confusion and death [[User:Dextrous Fred|Dextrous Fred]] ([[User talk:Dextrous Fred|talk]]) 18:12, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Does anyone know where I can find a calm, measured discussion between intelligent, informed, and reasonable people who disagree on this topic? (And if you think &amp;quot;my side is the only side that has intelligent, informed, and reasonable people&amp;quot; - that kind of thinking is exactly what perpetuates the polarization problem, which makes it hard to find such discussions.) -MeZimm [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.108|172.68.34.108]] 15:49, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:In general, the place to go is probably what are known as rationalist groups. The main locus is probably LessWrong, but there are also important nodes at AstralCodexTen on Substack, its now-static ancestor, SlateStarCodex, and several other descendant sites. They specialize in trying to think about and discuss even prickly subjects, as rationally as they can (which necessarily includes them factoring in some epistemic humility). Personally, I think they might be a bit over-committed to runaway-AI position (even they have some bias they can't get out of, and they happen to have a large proportion of Bay Area tech researchers), but on the upside, they're a worldwide bunch, so they at least avoid some biases you're probably seeing more frequently. Rationalists are typically fans of XKCD themselves, since they're all very science-focused. // Other sources for reasonable discussion of COVID, particularly the &amp;quot;mRNA vaccines aren't necessarily good for you&amp;quot; position, include Bret Weinstein's and Heather Heying's Dark Horse Podcast (they're both evolutionary biologists), and, believe it or not, Joe Rogan - cut away the stand-up and MMA, and he gets some honestly intellectually stimulating guests, such as Michael Osterholm and Robert Malone. // For the &amp;quot;mRNA vaccines are probably good for you&amp;quot; position, there's Derek Lowe's In The Pipeline blog. All of these discuss other topics in addition to COVID, so search around. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.39.178|172.70.39.178]] 16:30, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Joe Rogan lets conspiracy theorists on his show, and just nods along as they spout their conspiracies, often without a hint of pushback. If you're looking for an actual debate, where each side brings their best, you're not going to find it there. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.250.138|172.70.250.138]] 16:38, 27 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:::I think there do exist conspiracy theorists that have appeared on Rogan's show, but I'm fairly sure Osterholm was not one of them. Nor was Malone (the fellow who invented the entire mRNA technique). Either way, I think it's hard to find debate on JRE, but not for that reason; rather, it's because Rogan's approach is to largely let whoever his guest is, talk. That's important, because while we can probably agree that if a conspiracy theorist gets on Rogan and speaks at length, the other direction doesn't work - someone speaking at length on Rogan doesn't mean they're a conspiracy theorist. // Additionally, there's another problem with using &amp;quot;CT!&amp;quot; as a counterargument. It tacitly implies that institutions are trustworthy, in order to show that the conspiracy is false, and the theorist cannot be trusted. However, there's evidence that institutions have incentive to lie. Presenting that evidence will sound like a conspiracy is being offered, when the party to trust is the opposite of what one would expect. The remedy there is non-trivial: you have to look at the actual claims made, not the claimants. And you have to look at *both* parties' claims; often, the claims made by the challenger might be on reputation, but so are those made by the institution. If we try to say the institution can be trusted more, we run into a circular argument. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.42.195|172.70.42.195]] 17:42, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::Conspiracy theorists are people who present a theory (in the colloquial sense, i.e. roughly a guess) of a conspiracy. It doesn't &amp;quot;tacitly imply institutions are trustworthy&amp;quot;; it implies that they don't have justification for whatever they're claiming about institutions. If you claim that Nazis were hiding advanced alien technology, calling that a conspiracy theory doesn't imply trust in Nazis, it just implies that you think that claim is rather detached from reality. And I don't know who Osterholm is; I was just making a general statement about how Rogan does stuff. Although Malone might be a conspiracy theorist, and saying he &amp;quot;invented the entire mRNA technique&amp;quot; is somewhere between misleading or false - he, along with his co-authors, just wrote 2 early papers, amongst hundreds of researchers who contributed to mRNA vaccine research. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.242.219|172.70.242.219]] 18:58, 27 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
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:Randal obviously has knowledge and opinions on a lot of topics, and the comic often covers topics ranging from love to linguistics. If you see this as preaching, this might not be the comic for you. As for as that &amp;quot;fair and balanced&amp;quot; discussion you are looking for, have you considered that maybe this is one of those topics where intelligent, informed, reasonable people actually fall almost entirely on one side? With some questions, logic leads to the same conclusion for most people who make use of it. This is why you rarely find rational people engaging in debate over the truth of the moon landings, the sphericity of the earth, or the existence of anthropogenic climate change.[[Special:Contributions/172.68.174.184|172.68.174.184]] 19:36, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:I see your point, and I don't have a detailed answer, but peer-reviewed studies are at least a good place to start to inform what talking points are defensible and which may be based in shakier assumptions. [[User:Dextrous Fred|Dextrous Fred]] ([[User talk:Dextrous Fred|talk]]) 18:11, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I'd add that this comic clearly isn't about vaccine-critical (as in 'weighing the pros and cons, finding a personal balance of probability whether they confer a net help or harm), but those who start by being anti-whatever and suck up every contrary opinion out there in order to shore up their presupposed position. They don't want to be moved. And possibly some pro-vaccine people also don't want to be, but my experience is that there's many more resonable people who can be swayed by nuances.&lt;br /&gt;
:No, not everyone can be given a vaccine (if you have a suppressed immune system, for whatever reason, then it also probably can't be 'taught', in the way a fully functioning one can be, but any risks associated with them are at least as potent and ultimately more of a factor) but that makes it more important that those around them are (it's not just those individuals that need the advantages). Or enforced isolation, which has psychological, physiological and/or financial side-effects that became very obvious during various Lockdowns (definitely necessary prior to the vaccines being developed and tested, thankfully became less needed after they were, but always a balancing act).&lt;br /&gt;
:But full on anti-vax thoughts tend to be just &amp;quot;against anything the 'experts' say&amp;quot;, drawing upon the more extreme 'theories' that invoke everything from 5G conspiracies to Microsoft-manufactired nanoparticle trackers in a house of cards that they've desperately stapled together to stop any bit of it falling down. And that's not a (mentally, at least initially) healthy place to be - or to try to be in putting yourself in their shoes whilst looking for a compromise position. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.90.25|172.70.90.25]] 18:40, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:There has been plenty of calm, measured discussion between intelligent people (but one side of most debates will inevitably have underinformed or less-than-reasonable people). But these discussions have been had so many times, and people just keep repeating the same things over and over again, regardless of how many times it's been addressed (and in many cases claims have gotten less reality-based, like claiming that all governments and scientists worldwide are colluding to lie to the public - that isn't even considered a particularly extreme view in public discourse). People loudly taking a firm stance on the opposing side have contributed to public distrust of vaccines and science as a whole, which led to the deaths of millions of people so far (never mind the long-term damage that could result distrusting experts). People who contributed to the deaths of millions of people tend not to be treated too kindly. But if you'd like to be more informed on the topic and you ask questions in good faith, people will respond calmly and respectfully, more often than not (although there are also plenty of resources available to read up on the topic). [[Special:Contributions/172.70.247.98|172.70.247.98]] 19:01, 25 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
::If, as you say, there is &amp;quot;plenty of&amp;quot; such discussion, then I am begging you: give me a link to the calmest and most measured discussion you are aware of between a pro-vaxxer and an anti-vaxxer. Or at least, a discussion that's in your top twenty &amp;quot;calmest and most measured&amp;quot; of such discussions. Because I cannot find one to save my life. -MeZimm [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.79|172.68.34.79]] 19:19, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Plenty of science communication channels and wikipedia.org cover this well. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 16:29, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I don't know that I'd be able to find such a debate any time soon. It's been years since that debate was worth having. At this point, if you're looking for that, your best bet is probably to put together what each side has said in their separate corners. Calm and reasoned responses to anti-vaxx arguments is probably a lot easier to find than live debates - most science communicators I know of on YouTube discussed the topic, or you can just head to Wikipedia. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.87.152|162.158.87.152]] 02:40, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:::That conversation can happen, but it is extremely painful to have. It is not a discussion that is easy to have in a calm and measured way simply because of the magnitude of the circumstances and the polarization. Nonetheless, some people are open to speak, especially if you listen. Also, a lot of people trust their experience, and this has opened them up to different ideas. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 05:37, 28 July 2023 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
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:&amp;quot;intelligent, informed, and reasonable people&amp;quot; - this is a contradiction in terms - humans are primarily big bags of irrational emotions and biases, with a limited capacity for assimilating information. The best you can hope for is someone who is slightly less so than the rest. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.98.196|141.101.98.196]] 10:47, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It's really disappointing to see the anti-vaxxers coming out of the woodwork for this comic, I'd assume that most xkcd fans would be more scientifically minded and logical. I definitely agree with Randall on this one, the data is so obvious and unambiguous about how effective the vaccines are, yet people love to pretend that the minor side effects are somehow worse than the illness they prevent, despite having absolutely no evidence other than perhaps some exaggerated anecdotes they heard from a Youtuber's cousin's friend's sister. I've had the vaccine, I've had Covid, the actual disease is far worse than the vaccine's minor side effects. More anecdata, but the science all agrees with it. Sigh. [[User:PotatoGod|PotatoGod]] ([[User talk:PotatoGod|talk]]) 18:14, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:I'd probably believe both the anti-vaxx threads started in the talk page are all flamebait from lame trolls. Think about it: who the heck reads xkcd, is able to actually write a iscussion thread, and then waste that discussion thread activating their conspiracy theory neurons and yelling out goddamn infuriatingly sensationalized words like &amp;quot;misinformation&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;propaganda&amp;quot;.[[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 22:10, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::There are surprisingly many anti-vaxxers among the well educated. That includes doctors. I think there is something viscerally unsettling with injecting stuff into our bodies, especially something that not only doesn't treat an illness but makes us a little sick. And it is stuff that has not been tried on a large scale before, that we know will cause serious complications or even death to a some people (even if it saves much more). It is scary, and it can interfere with our abilities to think rationally. On a subconscious level, it is something we try to avoid, and we will find every reason. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.186.19|172.71.186.19]] 01:44, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::To quote Richard Feynman (no really), &amp;quot;Of course you laugh at this because it’s self-evident to the rational mind, but not to the emotional mind—the emotional mind can’t laugh at this.&amp;quot; [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 02:01, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Yes, injecting stuff into our bodies is viscerally unsettling, and it makes your arm hurt a little and it might make you a little sick for a day or so. And this is all to fight against an invisible disease that spreads through the air and has killed millions of humans, that just randomly showed up one day, and may randomly kill us too, and there's only so much we can do to prevent that (like injecting the above thing, which reduces our risk massively). And all that can be scary, and that can interfere with our ability to think rationally. And on a subconscious level, it is something we try to avoid, and we will find every reason. And some of those reasons include thinking that maybe it hasn't been tested quite enough, or maybe there are frequently complications (and a whole lot of other reasons), but that doesn't mean those reasons are actually justified nor that they correspond to the truth. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.95.103|162.158.95.103]] 02:27, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
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:It's disappointing, but of course the comments on such a comic are going to be a self-selected group of people who felt the need to speak up.  This is, admittedly, not a comic that most people need the explanation for.  A vocal minority is no reflection on the bulk of Randall's readership.  And for those who came to this page to express a dissenting view, we absolutely look forward to civil debate and well-cited caveats.  As someone who has trawled the ancient depths of this wiki, the political comics always get a certain amount of &amp;quot;Randall has jumped the shark&amp;quot; (from a comic in 2010) or &amp;quot;this one isn't funny&amp;quot;.  It's just a normal part of any feedback system.  [[User:Dextrous Fred|Dextrous Fred]] ([[User talk:Dextrous Fred|talk]]) 18:19, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:'the science all agrees with it'. The science doesn't even agree with the previous science. It doesn't even agree with the current science. It is supposed to be a critical discipline. Meaning that ideas that have been rejected or branded as wrong can be explored nonetheless. There is no one science. You should know that all scientific progress comes from the fringes, and almost always is met with rejection and revilement. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 05:37, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Significant scientific progress may have come from the fringes, but this very, very rarely happens. Just think for a second what you're actually saying: that &amp;quot;all&amp;quot; progress is made by scrapping much of what we know and replacing it with entirely new things. No, most progress is made in small increments by building on existing knowledge, in line with the scientific consensus. And modern scientists are more open than ever to bring proven wrong (and many are even excited at the prospect, because that means new stuff to learn), as long as, and here's the crucial part, it's actually supported by evidence. Most &amp;quot;revilement&amp;quot; in the past came from the religious, who didn't want to accept that all that exists doesn't revolve around humanity (many still don't accept this). In any case, I'll accept you saying that roughly no-one agrees with you, but you thinking this somehow gives any credence to your position is you taking a massive leap of logic, possibly through a brink wall or ten (you're employing flat Earth &amp;quot;logic&amp;quot; there). [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.54|172.71.160.54]] 13:53, 28 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
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Surely this is an allegory to climate change with the tree being the indicator&lt;br /&gt;
:How? [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 02:01, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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People are trying to edit the page to be &amp;quot;more balanced&amp;quot; by spreading vaccine hesitancy. I don't really know where to draw the line between accurately representing their position and not giving them a platform to do harm. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.243.56|172.70.243.56]] 22:23, 25 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
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This comic has gotten more comments in a day than most comics do in a year. Just thought I'd point that out. [[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Miscellaneous#Help_with_Creating_a_User_Page|Trogdor147]] ([[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Miscellaneous#Help_with_Creating_a_User_Page|talk]]) 22:43, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Actually maybe not more comments, just more words. [[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Miscellaneous#Help_with_Creating_a_User_Page|Trogdor147]] ([[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Miscellaneous#Help_with_Creating_a_User_Page|talk]]) 22:51, 25 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Probably because unlike the other vaccine/covid related XKCDs, this one seems to be missing a punchline and therefore reads as preachy.[[Special:Contributions/172.69.23.12|172.69.23.12]] 03:17, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This one is probably the creepiest of all COVID comics. It starts with a variant of &amp;quot;I'm not a racist, but&amp;quot; and goes on to call the enormously complex bio-engineered vaccines &amp;quot;the easiest and simplest intervention&amp;quot;. Oh no, dear reader, you don't need to understand the technical details. The Science works in mysterious ways. But in Its infinite love, It commands you to inject Its miraculous gift, not once, not twice, but as many times as The Science tells you. The Data says it's safe, therefore it's safe. This is what's easy, this is what's simple, and this is all you need to know, you infidel antivaxxer.&lt;br /&gt;
:The development of vaccines is &amp;quot;enormously complex&amp;quot;, but this is primarily relevant to people with multiple degrees in microbiology. For the general public, it's as simple as &amp;quot;stick this in your arm to not get sick&amp;quot;. Most people know nothing about food production, but trust things they buy in the supermarket. Most people know nothing about construction materials and processes, but trust that a building won't collapse in on itself. Heck, this even applies to medicine, where people are more than happy to let a doctor inject whatever while they're in the hospital. But when it comes to vaccines, everyone seems to think of themselves as an expert, when roughly every person who's studied the topic professionally is telling them they're mistaken. If you want to become an expert, or learn from experts, go for it, but if you're not an expert, you probably shouldn't think of yourself as one. [[Special:Contributions/198.41.242.210|198.41.242.210]] 09:38, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
::This is where the creepiness of the comic comes from: instead of appealing to logic and reason, it demands trust. But one does not earn trust with a long history of controversies, making their services mandatory, aggressive propaganda, censorship, or saccharine web-comics. If it weren't for the reputation of the vax crowd (governments, corporations, media and general laypeople combined), I'd probably consider doing it. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.182.154|172.71.182.154]] 11:14, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::We have spent massive amounts of time appealing to logic and reason to explain why antivaxx isn't justified (and how &amp;quot;a long history of controversies&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;propaganda&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;censorship&amp;quot; are all greatly misleading, if not entirely false), but that hasn't worked for many. Humans aren't all that rational, especially on topics that carry emotional appeal (and the other side isn't immune to that, but there are more people on that side who try to actively counteract that weakness we all have through skepticism, and that side also has expert judgement on their side). And the comic never mentions trust. It only states that vaccines are effective. You can either trust scientists on that, or you can engage with the science to find out why that is - your choice. But also, trusting experts on their topic of expertise is fairly logical (while trusting people who know very little about the topic, or trusting your own intuitive feelings, is not all that reliable and therefore not all that logical). [[Special:Contributions/198.41.242.118|198.41.242.118]] 13:16, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
::::Is the thalidomide scandal greatly misleading or entirely false? Many smaller pharmaceutical scandals. The &amp;quot;misinformation policies&amp;quot; of Youtube - can't argue with the WHO, can't doubt the US presidential elections.&lt;br /&gt;
::::Vaccines are effective - to some extent - and they all have side effects. It's obvious that the pharmaceutical companies that produce them are financially motivated to exaggerate the positive effects, downplay or hide the adverse ones, and sell as much doses as possible. Knowledge and power don't somehow make an entity truthful. On the contrary, with greater knowledge and greater power, its lies become harder to detect, sometimes even dangerous to expose. Society has a moral obligation to doubt and question, rather than blindly accept everything the authorities say, as Cueball recommends. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.46.59|172.70.46.59]] 15:32, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::The FDA refused to approve thalidomide, so there goes most of your argument (despite this, they also added even more regulations as a result of this). Also, why is the only example you offer from 60 years ago? If you know anything whatsoever about medical history, you should know that what happened that long ago might as well have been happening on a different planet for how different it is from modern medicine, given how much more we've learnt about medicine and safe and effective medical practices (which included learning from the mistakes of our past). [[Special:Contributions/162.158.95.44|162.158.95.44]] 18:06, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
::::::There used to be a nice long list of controversies on Wikipedia that I wanted to share, but it seems to be gone. Here's random page describing six scandals from 1986 to 2020, found by googling &amp;quot;Pfizer controversies&amp;quot;:  https://corporatewatch.org/pfizer-six-scandals-to-remember/ Feel free to substitute Pfizer with Johnson&amp;amp;Johnson and the like in the search bar. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.182.49|172.71.182.49]] 19:16, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Of course pharmaceutical companies are financially motivated, and are often very, very greedy. If you've ever listened any amount to a pro-vaccine science communicator, you've probably have heard them complaining about that. But that doesn't mean the entire system of regulation and verification that's been built around that cannot be trusted. Ending up in prison for fabricating results would be rather contrary to their goal of making money. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.95.44|162.158.95.44]] 18:06, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Big Pharma is a big (heh) problem. Many people, on either side, are cognizant of it, but one should understand that Pharma is pragmatic - not always-evil OR always-good, but they're rather willing to do unethical things in the name of money. With that said, COVID-19 doesn't have much reason to be one of them. They made their billions, and COVID clearly isn't as much of a problem as it was two or three years ago. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 18:14, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Trust is a spectrum! Note how the link above doesn't mention imprisonment, only fines, which suggests that Big Pharma is balancing on its own spectrum of conscientiousness, looking for the optimal point that maximizes profits minus fines. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.182.49|172.71.182.49]] 19:16, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I thought the easiest and simplest intervention was to rely on the natural immune response to produce antibodies. Not sure if it's the most effective though, but it's proven to be effective enough for me personally, and it definitely has the best effectiveness to complexity ratio. Anyway, the decisive advantage of the method is not siding with the modern mass-surveilling thought-controlling Inquisition. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.182.49|172.71.182.49]] 08:00, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Yeah, and quite a few people who considered their natural immune response to be effective enough are dead now. Anecdotes is not how you determine whether something works or not. [[Special:Contributions/198.41.242.210|198.41.242.210]] 09:38, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:(@172.71...) Have you understood the point of [[2557: Immunity|this comic]]? Oh well, never mind. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.90.25|172.70.90.25]] 09:53, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Imagine a company selling a pocket device that has been rigorously proven to reduce 1000 times the chance of being struck by a lightning. The company routinely electrocutes kittens in public to show what happens to those unprotected, and the company's fans are notorious for patronizing and lecturing those who haven't yet purchased the device. Would you buy it? As for myself, while generally trying to avoid death and suffering, I can afford the luxury to pay with a tiny fraction of my expected lifetime for other things I value. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.182.154|172.71.182.154]] 11:14, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::A few thousand people have gotten killed by lightning in the same time it took Covid to kill millions (and that's with a bunch of preventative measures against Covid). So that analogy is completely on the wrong scale. Absolutely no idea where you get &amp;quot;electrocutes kittens in public&amp;quot; from. Many people are dying all by themselves. We're the ones trying to STOP deaths. At best we sometimes point deaths out when people try to imply or assert that it's not serious. So are you intentionally dishonest, or just accidentally dishonest? [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.110|172.71.160.110]] 11:30, 26 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
::::Low probabilities do matter at the national level as they accumulate into mortality statistics, but in daily life, people tend to classify things as either dangerous or safe-ish. On the global scale, cars kill (say) millions, and lightnings kill (say) thousands. Does this difference of three orders of magnitude matter that much? People drive their cars fearlessly and don't panic when they spot a storm cloud. On the other hand, we mortals are doomed to die, and no matter how hard we try, it's still impossible to STOP death. Considering the whole bulk of death causes combined, it seems you are influenced by so-called &amp;quot;zero-risk bias&amp;quot;, i.e. focusing on minimizing one particular type of risk while disregarding the rest of them.&lt;br /&gt;
::::As for the public kitten electrocution (for the greater good of inducing electricity fear and stopping lightning deaths), it's a metaphor for behavior one might find repelling: semi-mandatory vaccinations, aggressive propaganda, social media censorship etc. And what's dishonest in taking a small risk to make a point? Why can't you respect my personal decision? Essential liberty, little temporary safety, Benjamin Franklin. &lt;br /&gt;
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:::::Counterpoint: anyone who wants to give up others' safety for a little of their own liberty also deserves neither (which I would argue is just as important as Franklin's sentiment), and the ideology of antivaxxers causes mass-death for essentially no reason. Why can't you respect the decision of the world around you to not be at risk of death because they're next to you? [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 16:15, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Hmm, I guess essential is more valuable than little and temporary, be it safety or liberty. Then again, in reality, the vaxxers are safe with their unreasonably effective vaccine, and the antivaxxers are only responsible for their own well-being. No harm done! [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.59|172.71.94.59]] 17:22, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::I wouldn't be so sure about that, because there are people who intend to get the vaccine but cannot right now, and antivaxxers risk exposing them too. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 18:06, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::Fine, some harm is done (in a probabilistic sense). In a world where car owners don't feel guilty for being probabilistic suicide killers, and most Covid-fearing people can get their shots, I find this threat level acceptable. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.46.176|172.70.46.176]] 04:00, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::To some extent, people who own automobiles aren't in much control over their transportation (though I'm fully in favor of scrapping automobiles for transport and replacing them with trains). You're in full control to sign up and get the COVID vaccine, but you've already outed yourself as a death cultist when you casually refer to the proven incitement of death by antivaxxers as acceptable, so I'd rather you just hole yourself up in your room and let a better person than you get the shot they need. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 16:31, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::&amp;quot;anyone who wants to give up others' safety for a little of their own liberty also deserves neither&amp;quot; - a misquote of Benjamin Franklin, who was objecting to a proposal by the Penn family (which was ruling Pennsylvania '''from britain''' at the time) to give the Pennsylvania General Assembly a lump-sum one-time payment in exchange for the Pennsylvania General Assembly agreeing it didn't have authority to tax the Penns.[https://www.npr.org/2015/03/02/390245038/ben-franklins-famous-liberty-safety-quote-lost-its-context-in-21st-century] It had nothing to do with the desire of antivax cultists to be fucking narcissistic plague rats.&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::Pfft, better to be a free narcissistic plague rat than a caged narcissistic lab rat. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.46.176|172.70.46.176]] 04:00, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I'm actually wondering whether this comic is meant to say A) Antivaxxers made/make things complicated while it isn't. Or B) Whether or not you decided to take the vaccine was a very complicated decision for some ('the pandemic brought with it so much confusing stuff. Ambiguous data, weird tradeoffs, disagreements, dilemmas, and uncertainty'), so if you really try to 'meet people where they are' you should be open-minded to speak with people on both sides, people that took the vaccine and people that didn't. Although Cueball claims to be open-minded, he can't fathom the idea that although taking the vaccine felt like the most effective, easiest and simplest intervention to him, there might be people out there (maybe even the other two people in the comic, who don't say a word) that made another decision, because they felt that decision was better for them, not just 'to make it complicated'. This comic was sent in the chat of my group of friends and it seems there are different ways to interpret the comic. Either it's a very good comic or I'm overthinking it (I'm leaning towards explanation B). What do you think? [[User:K|K]] ([[User talk:K|talk]]) 14:00, 26 July 2023 (UTC) K&lt;br /&gt;
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Was there some news event or something that prompted this? Seems so random at this point. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.175.13|162.158.175.13]] 19:05, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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'''Let's make it quite simple.''' Meeting antivax nutjobs 'where they are' is impossible for sane people, because there IS no logic to the insane antivax cultist position. &amp;quot;You can't logic someone out of a position they didn't logic themselves into.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
:This is a matter of personal preference, not logic. You can't logic someone into liking apples, insults won't help you either. In fact, this kind of attitude might contribute a lot to the person's distaste for apples. [[Special:Contributions/141.101.76.74|141.101.76.74]] 06:09, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Do you think people LIKE getting jabbed with a needle? You're not supposed to LIKE getting vaccinated, you're supposed to do to avoid the risk of not doing it. And being &amp;quot;logic'ed&amp;quot; into doing something to avoid some risk is one of the basic things that we use logic for. If that wouldn't work on you, then I can only presume you don't care about logic at all, and you make all your decisions purely based on emotional appeal, which would be concerning, to say the least. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.35|172.71.160.35]] 15:40, 27 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:Indeed, however, you are arguing with a boogeyman in your head, in reality, the whole conversation has been flanderized to oblivion, where someone is either 'one of us' or 'one of them'. Being hesitant of a new biotechnological advancement is not being a nutjob, it's being cautious, and people who know the history of science, kind of have good reason to be cautious about the newest panacea. Remember people eating radioactive candy because it was 'reinvigorating'? How about people using lead in gasoline? How long did it take us to prove that lead in gasoline was bad? How long did thalidomide take? How long did asbestos take? Did the Romans ever figure out that their plumbing was making them stupid and die? Technology is not always good. And it definitely is '''no good''' without being aware that there are always unintended effects to progress. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 02:12, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::People who know the history of science, know that we've learnt from every mistake that's been made in the past, we've learnt so much about safe and effective medical practices, and we've learnt so much more about reality itself, and they know that science is the most reliable method to gain knowledge about reality. People who know nothing about the history of science, or those who are engaging in the most egregious of cherry-picking, would imply something like &amp;quot;the Romans were not very bright, therefore we can't trust any science&amp;quot;, as you just did. Once you move past the &amp;quot;science = bad&amp;quot; silliness and you begin to understand how we conclude that medicine is safe and effective, your entire argument falls apart. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.54|172.71.160.54]] 13:53, 28 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:::People who know history know that the only thing we can learn from history is that we don't learn from history. Also, I didn't imply what you understood, I merely gave you one of many examples where society-wide technological advancements had a hidden cost that was only understood many years later. Science is not bat at all, it is a method, and that method must be open to criticism, even criticism no one wants to hear. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 17:20, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If you dislike apples because someone else told you to like apples, then you’re a contrarian idiot. If you had an apple and didn’t like it then you’re disliking apples for a logical reason. Similarly, if you refuse to get a vaccine because someone else told you to get a vaccine then you’re Ali a contrarian idiot. The vaccine equivalent to “having the Apple” to determine that you don’t like it would be actually running tests of your own to determine efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Since you can’t run a large scale vaccine test at home your only option is to rely on the information provided by the experts. Don’t  trust the experts? Then why do you trust the fake internet experts?&lt;br /&gt;
:I disagree with your association of contrarianism with idiocy. Moderate contrarianism is a valuable personality trait that prevents communities from degenerating into monolithic oppressive echo chambers, and opposing an irritatingly widespread idea is not the same as doing things to spite some random guy. As for anti-vaccination, it's more of a lifestyle preference than a product preference. Am I in grave danger if I take the vaccine? Probably not. Am I in grave danger if I refuse it? Probably not. Rationally, I even agree that vaccination is most likely the healthier option, but the difference doesn't seem significant enough. So I ''prefer'' to indulge in contrarianism. It is against my personal ''preferences'' to be manipulated by powerful organizations and their numerous supporters into obediently taking some experimental substance, repeatedly, at regular intervals. But again, it's not a fear of adverse side effects, it's an aversion to anything force-fed, not distrust in the sense of &amp;quot;I don't trust the quality of your product&amp;quot;, but in the sense of &amp;quot;I don't trust you to tell me what to do&amp;quot;. And of course, I don't trust the &amp;quot;fake internet experts&amp;quot; either, I don't even read them on purpose. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.46.177|172.70.46.177]] 09:31, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::While contrarianism IS valuable, it's not a reason to do things. If (as you say) getting and not getting the vaccine are equal situations for you medically, but getting it is socially encouraged, then the only reason you have to NOT get it is to be contrarian, as you say. It's contrarian, but it brings no benefit to you. Being contrarian AGAINST logic is the issue. If the vaccine was more medically dubious than beneficial but still had the social gain, then yeah, contrarianism has benefits because there are costs to weigh. But if being contrarian only provides downsides, it's illogical and you're just making something simple complicated. --[[User:Magicalus|Magicalus]] ([[User talk:Magicalus|talk]]) 12:35, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::It's illogical only in the assumption that:&lt;br /&gt;
:::1) Human beings are model rational agents maximizing a precisely defined real-valued utility function&lt;br /&gt;
:::2) Maintaining health is the ultimate goal and meaning of life&lt;br /&gt;
:::3) There are no unknown unknowns&lt;br /&gt;
:::If one feels being manipulated and the health risk is not too high, one can choose the seemingly less healthy option. It might even turn out to be more healthy because of some unknown unknowns not taken into account in the rational assessment of the vaccine's utility. Might not. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.250|172.71.94.250]] 16:19, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::So the logic is &amp;quot;There could be an unknown downside, so it's better not to risk it.&amp;quot; If we're just going to claim unknowns, we can't assume all unknowns are negative. Who knows, maybe it turns out 0.01% of the people who get the vaccine get superpowers. That line of thinking is just an endless pit because there are infinite arguments on both sides. So out of the remaining arguments, let's talk about the second one. The idea isn't that maintaining health is the ultimate goal, it's that maintaining health is a positive thing to do and the vaccine in this regard is, for the sake of argument, neutral. The first argument doesn't make sense. You're eitehr implying that humans act illogically anyways, so it IS an illogical action, or that &amp;quot;social credit&amp;quot; is determined by illogical humans who don't always make the right choices. So this is illogical if humans make logical decisions, health is a beneficial trait, and the vaccine doesn't give people superpowers and doesn't turn them into rats. Being contrarian here only serves as a detriment unless what is essentially random chance works in your favor and not against. --[[User:Magicalus|Magicalus]] ([[User talk:Magicalus|talk]]) 01:47, 28 July 2023 (UTC) &lt;br /&gt;
::Skepticism is a valuable personality trait (that prevents communities from degenerating into monolithic oppressive echo chambers). Contrarianism, on the other hand, may sometimes have the same effect, while at other times could lead to people literally dying, just for the sake you being able to disagree with something. Being contrarian seems, at most, like a useful thought exercise to get a different perspective (which is essentially a part of skepticism in any case). Letting contrarianism be a driving factor in significant life decisions seems like a terrible idea. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.35|172.71.160.35]] 15:40, 27 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
:::Can't skepticism lead to people literally dying, just for the sake you being able to doubt something? Can't conformism lead to people literally dying? Any -ism, taken to the absolute, is a terrible idea in significant life decisions. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.94.250|172.71.94.250]] 16:19, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It seems to me like the very term &amp;quot;anti-vaxxer&amp;quot; has become a misleading slur applied to anyone who opposes certain policies, regardless of reason.  I think vaccines are great; I got my (multiple) COVID shots, flu shot every year, etc..  But apparently I'm an &amp;quot;anti-vaxxer&amp;quot; because I oppose vaccine MANDATES.  I would rather respect other people's personally autonomy, letting them make their choice about their body, rather than force people to undergo medical procedures against their will, even if I think their reasons are stupid. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.135.105|172.70.135.105]] 17:06, 27 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Think carefully. Some people want the vaccine, but can't get it for now or have other facts preventing them, and antivaxxers will expose these yet-un-immunized folks to COVID, which is a gross violation of the personal liberty of '''not having COVID-19.''' If you actually did take all those shots and aren't lying in order to make yourself seem better, then you'd know that.&lt;br /&gt;
:Everyone likes personal autonomy, but nobody considers the fact that a person's personal autonomy is invalid when it endangers others... and that's exactly what anti-vaxxers do. They're not just affecting themselves, they're hurting others - as we've seen in places where nobody vaccinates against polio and it makes a sharp uptick. In that light, a vaccine mandate is the best available option. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 13:11, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::After thinking carefully, I've come to the conclusion that you just want to A) call me a liar with no evidence or reason, and B) redefine personal liberty to mean the exact opposite.  It's not going to be productive for me to try to have any kind of rational discussion with you. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.135.134|172.70.135.134]] 01:48, 30 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Can you clarify? The person you are responding to is simply saying that you shouldn't use personal autonomy as an excuse when you are actively harming other people. Main problem though, is the person's equivalence of your rather balanced opinion with the opinions of the radical anti-vaxxers that spit out nonsense about 5G contamination and microchip scandals. [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 02:34, 30 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This comic reads like it's almost self aware. &amp;quot;Things are never that simple&amp;quot; &amp;quot;That never happens&amp;quot;. Indeed Randall. And this is no exception. For all the good any treatment may or may not do, it is ethically imperative to always acquire informed consent from the subjects. Informed consent was not acquired because the risks were not fully understood at the time. Most people were not made aware of this fact, and were misled into thinking that this was a tried and tested treatment. Long term side effects cannot be found at &amp;quot;warp speed&amp;quot; they are by definition, long term. Science is meant to be critical, and there is no way we can be critical of a treatment that we gave to up to 60% of the population in two years. Remember to take care of your biases. If you gave your product to more than 60% of the world population, would you want to find out that it wasn't great? Would you want to find out it might have not been a good idea? No. Conflict of interest. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 01:56, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:While the world isn't simple all of the time, it also stands that some situations are less complex than others - and this one was particularly simple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:You say &amp;quot;may or may not do&amp;quot; as if you live in 2020 and this is still some sort of hypothetical. '''This is not hypothetical: during the first year, the vaccines already saved 20 million lives.''' Immunizing people to COVID '''works.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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:Your next statement is about informed consent, and the first thing you cast doubt on is the idea that the vaccines were tried and tested, but.. .they were. There were 110 possible candidates in clinical development at one point - what do you think they did to narrow it down to a few? Eeny miney moe? Rock paper scissors? There was no misleading because it's just true that the final candidates were tried and tested, and we did it faster because of (among other things) much higher funding, usage of mRNA tech built by people such as Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissmann, as well as overlapping trial phases and an appreciable head-start given that we'd done a lot of work on vaccination of coronaviruses already (since 2002 in fact).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;Long term side effects&amp;quot; in the field of vaccines are really rare. Even severe side effects at '''any''' length of time are rare for any vaccinations, but they show up within the first few weeks a great majority of the time - this is expected, because vaccines are only taken at one moment, and the body will eliminate the payload in a matter of months. Therefore, panicking about long term side effects is irrelevant here - COVID-19 has '''far more likelihood to affect you long-term anyway.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:There is a way we can be critical of a treatment given to a vast amount of people: '''look at what it did.''' And what it did was reduce disease, hospitalization and death incident multiple-fold!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;If you gave your product to more than 60% of the world population, would you want to find out that it wasn't great?&amp;quot; There is no need to answer hypotheticals that didn't happen when I can simply say that if my product was given to 60% of the world population, reduced disease 8-fold, hospitalization 25-fold and death 25-fold, I'd be '''ecstatic that I was a great contributor to the solution of the pandemic and made a few billions on the side!''' Because that's what happened. [[User:Andrewtheexplainer|Andrewtheexplainer]] ([[User talk:Andrewtheexplainer|talk]]) 13:47, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:So how many million more deaths would've been acceptable in your opinion, in order for us to meet whatever criteria for medical treatment, across however many decades or centuries, that exists in your head? Also, for how many years have you been a virologist (or a biologist, or some other scientist that researches medical treatments)? I'm guess ZERO, because almost all scientists agree that the vaccine went through sufficient testing, on par with other new treatments, and it's mostly laypeople who know nothing about medical testing that are complaining about the medical testing. Also, we haven't seen any of these long-term side effects you speak of, so is your position that people weren't warned about ... nothing? Thinking that people were &amp;quot;misled&amp;quot; can only really be described as a delusion. The testing it went through is fairly well-publicised, for anyone who cares to look it up (even before anti-vaxxers started anti-vaxxing about it). [[Special:Contributions/172.71.160.54|172.71.160.54]] 13:53, 28 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;br /&gt;
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:: Here is some real science that casts doubt on how good an idea this whole program was. I will cite one of a lot of articles 'Compelling evidence has been published to indicate that the spike protein, which is derived from SARS-CoV-2 and generated from the vaccines currently being employed, is not only able to cross the blood–brain barrier but may cause inflammation and/or blood clots in the brain. Consequently, '''should vaccine-induced expression of spike proteins not be limited to the site of injection and draining lymph nodes there is the potential of long-term implications following inoculation that may be identical to that of patients exhibiting neurological complications after being infected with SARS-CoV-2'''.' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8780773/ spike is not the best idea]. Here is another one that compounds nicely to that hypothesis in bold, there is evidence that vaccine induced spike does not stay at the injection site, I cite: 'We found that vaccine-associated synthetic mRNA persists in systemic circulation for at least 2 weeks.' [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35884842/ mrna circulates in blood after shot]. Look, you can laugh at me and that's ok. Here's some more science for yall's enjoyment.  [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35028901/  Could SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Be Responsible for Long-COVID Syndrome?], [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34328172/  SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: implications for microclot formation in COVID-19], [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35523737/ Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein-Induced Damage of hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes]. Now, my point is this: '''there is good reason to doubt the covid vaccine, and a measured conversation recognizes the risks, instead of downplaying them, or straight up denying their existence. It also does not involve insulting the nonbelievers. That is the most sad and ironic part of all this.''' Science does not trust, it verifies. Cheers fellow science enthusiasts. I look forward to you all citing scientific papers supporting the hypothesis that covid vaccines are safe and effective. [[User:Scienceizkool|Scienceizkool]] ([[User talk:Scienceizkool|talk]]) 17:10, 28 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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::: I'm not too inclined to dig through a bunch of studies (and also other studies, and responses, and breakdowns, and such) to see what's up. But also, it's kind of a &amp;quot;boy who cried wolf&amp;quot; situation. Anti-vax has made so many patently absurd claims, misrepresentations and blatant lies, that I'm not too inclined to put much weight into any further claims, nor evaluate them in much detail. And no, that's not an ad hominem fallacy: I'm not saying you're necessarily wrong, I'm just saying I don't have a good reason to think you may be right, and I have better things to spend my time on. I'm happy enough to let scientists investigate those claims, and update their consensus and public statements, along with medical treatments, appropriately (because, even if granting you that it's the worst possible case, which it most likely isn't and doesn't seem to be, none of what you cited demonstrates that vaccines were the wrong decision, given what we knew at the time, nor that anti-vax was justified - the essence of science is to learn new things, and update our beliefs appropriately, not to believe unjustified things because we may one day learn new information which justifies it). Also, the claim was never that vaccines carry ZERO risk, which seems to be all that all your links can &amp;quot;debunk&amp;quot;, from a cursory glance. All medicine carries some risk, the question is whether the risk of the vaccine is worse than the risk of the disease, which I don't see addressed there, and which still seems highly doubtful, given how many confirmed '''deaths''' we have from Covid. [[Special:Contributions/172.71.246.136|172.71.246.136]] 19:05, 28 July 2023 (UTC) B&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:Jeff&amp;diff=319552</id>
		<title>User talk:Jeff</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=User_talk:Jeff&amp;diff=319552"/>
				<updated>2023-07-26T00:48:56Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: /* Vandalism */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{notice|This is the talk page of Jeff, the creator of Explain XKCD. If you have a comment about the wiki, please use the [[Explain XKCD:Community portal]].&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Use this page only for personal messages to Jeff, of for requests that require server access.}}&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Print Book? ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Jeff,&lt;br /&gt;
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Has it ever been suggested that parts of ExplainXKCD -- say, the first ten years of comments -- could be made into a print book, obviously only with the permission of Randall Munroe? -- margavriel&lt;br /&gt;
: It has not been suggested - I'm not even sure how to go about and do such a thing.  I wouldn't even know how to communicate to Randall. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 00:23, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== ParserFunctions ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Jeff,&lt;br /&gt;
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Just thought I'd run this up the flagpole... any thought about installing the ParserFunctions extension?  I think this site could benefit from a few templates that would aid in indexing/categorizing the entries as content is migrated, and ParserFunctions would make some really impressive things possible... but installing any extension or not would be up to you.&lt;br /&gt;
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Also, do you have any feelings about us users creating templates in the Template namespace, which we could use to maintain the content?  Just wanted to get your thumbs-up before/if I did something like that.  Just want to play nice.  Love the site, and the new wiki format.&lt;br /&gt;
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- PT [[User:IronyChef|IronyChef]] ([[User talk:IronyChef|talk]]) 03:05, 1 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:ParserFunctions are awesome, yup!  --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 06:56, 1 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::{{done}} Yes to both.  I have enabled ParserFunctions and Templates sound like a great idea.  IronyChef, please send me an email at the address on the blog and I'll make you an admin if necessary to edit templates. --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 08:03, 1 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Extension:Variable ==&lt;br /&gt;
Just wondering what you thought about adding the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Variables Variables extension].  I'm toying with revising {{tl|LATESTCOMIC}} to not be so expensive (both in terms of template expansion, and ongoing maintenance.)  I could do that now, but the wiki would have to re-expand and re-evaluate the same expression about six times, being slightly counter-productive. -- [[User:IronyChef|IronyChef]] ([[User talk:IronyChef|talk]]) 14:54, 25 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: any thoughts ... up, down, sideways?  Thanks! -- [[User:IronyChef|IronyChef]] ([[User talk:IronyChef|talk]]) 15:34, 1 September 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: I'm up for it... Let me get it installed on the wiki side when I get a chance. --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 23:13, 3 September 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Bugging you again.... ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Could you take a look at [//www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?limit=10000&amp;amp;tagfilter=&amp;amp;title=Special%3AContributions&amp;amp;contribs=user&amp;amp;target=Philosopher&amp;amp;namespace=8&amp;amp;year=&amp;amp;month=-1] and tell me if I'm thinking in about the same way as you are here?  Also, I've brought up [[MediaWiki:Tagline]] and [[Explain XKCD:Community portal]], as it'd be cool to have a tagline. --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 10:46, 1 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:With you 100% on the File Delete reasons.  Thanks.  I agree also about having a tagline.  What do you think it should be? --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 11:13, 1 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::Nothing's coming to mind right now.  Perhaps someone else will think of something. --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 17:54, 2 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;Discussion continued at [[Explain XKCD:Community portal/Proposals#Tagline]].&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Automatic Import ==&lt;br /&gt;
Moved to [[Explain XKCD:Community portal/Proposals#Automatic Import]].  (Header left to avoid breaking links.) --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 00:30, 4 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Please watch [[Explain XKCD:Community portal/Administrators' noticeboard]] ==&lt;br /&gt;
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I'd like to ask that the admins consider adding [[Explain XKCD:Community portal/Administrators' noticeboard]] to their [[wikipedia:Help:Watching pages|watchlists]].  On a similar note, I've just started a discussion there about spammers. -''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 02:02, 4 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Images from Wikimedia Commons and SVG ==&lt;br /&gt;
Please set &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgUseInstantCommons = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; in the wiki's LocalSettings.php, so we can use images from Wikimedia Commons without having to reupload them here.&lt;br /&gt;
Also, I'd be neat if you could [[mw:Manual:Image Administration#SVG|enable svg images]]. Thanks! --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 04:20, 4 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
: {{done}}, Instant Commons is on.  Will need a little more work to get SVG images to work.  What renderer to do you suggest I use? --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:05, 6 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: That'll depend on what you have available in your server. They say there that ImageMagick seems to be an acceptable choice, but rsvg seems to be the best one if the dependencies can be sorted out. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 13:20, 6 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Search suggestions ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi,&lt;br /&gt;
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could you please set $wgEnableMWSuggest [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgEnableMWSuggest] to true? This enables search suggestions for the search field, and often this helps you to skip the search results. --[[User:SlashMe|SlashMe]] ([[User talk:SlashMe|talk]]) 09:10, 4 August 2012 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{done}} OK, this is has been added to the LocalSettings.  --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:06, 6 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Time zone ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Please set the wiki to UTC (&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;$wgLocaltimezone = &amp;quot;UTC&amp;quot;;&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt; in LocalSettings.php), as it's the most neutral option for our international community. In any case, each user can choose their time zone in their preferences.&lt;br /&gt;
:{{done}} Ok, set. --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:07, 6 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Short urls, site logo, lowercase xkcd ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi,&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not sure if you tried it but http://shorturls.redwerks.org is a great (and simple :D) tool to implement clean urls with mediawiki. That would make urls much nicer around here.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, if you could, please take a look at [[Explain XKCD:Community portal/Proposals#Naming conventions]], where your assistance is needed for some server changes. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 15:31, 6 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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:Hi again :) just to remind you about the short urls thing. I think it would be great if we could have wiki links in the form &amp;quot;explainxkcd.com/wiki/link_title&amp;quot;. It might be necessary to move the wiki into a different folder name than &amp;quot;wiki&amp;quot;, but that's just a matter of renaming the folder and changing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgScriptPath&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; in LocalSettings.php accordingly. The link above makes things really straighforward, it should really only take you a few minutes to set everything up.&lt;br /&gt;
:Another cool thing that could be done is set up a server redirect so that links in the form of explainxkcd.com/number would point to the comics in the wiki instead of returning a 404 error (for instance, http://explainxkcd.com/123 would point to http://explainxkcd.com/wiki/123). That way, we could replicate xkcd's own url system for comics and people could simply type explainxkcd.com/123 and get the explanation for the corresponding comic. This redirect can probably be set up in the hosting company's web interface, but in case it can't, let me know if you need any help. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 22:03, 11 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Hi Waldir - I'll work on the short URL thing.  I want that to work for sure.  With regards to the redirect, I have been working on it for a while and I have a few .htaccess files and etc that don't work.  I'll be grateful for the help on it.  Please send me an email if you know how to get it done.  This would also allow anyone from xkcd.com/435 to just add explain and go to the comic explanation.  Very helpful.  Been working on it unsuccessfully for a while. --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 01:41, 12 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Ugh, it must be my hosting because I did all of the shorturls correctly it just sent it to a 404 page for the site over and over again.  The url seemed to be the right one, but didn't send it to the right location.  It should NOT be this difficult. --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 02:25, 12 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== wgCapitalLinks ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi Jeff! When you have a few spare minutes, please add the following to LocalSettings.php:&lt;br /&gt;
 $wgCapitalLinks = false;&lt;br /&gt;
This allows page titles not to be automatically capitalized by the software, which is important for filenames and for some comic titles such as [[s/keyboard/leopard/]]. Cheers, [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 21:34, 11 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{done}} --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 01:37, 12 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::...and this broke our templates (and maybe [[Special:RecentChanges]]?).  See [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Admin requests]].  Can't we just style the page titles so they appear as though they aren't capitalized when they really are?  (As done at [[wikipedia:Xkcd]], using the DISPLAYTITLE magic word (called through [[wikipedia:Template:DISPLAYTITLE]]).) --''[[User:Philosopher|Philosopher]]''&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Philosopher|Let us reason together.]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 04:42, 12 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Looks like transition pains would be inevitable. I think everything is sorted out for now. See the Admin requests thread for details. As for using DISPLAYTITLE, I understand the rationale, but this is xkcd and attention to capitalization is necessary in several pages, and I believe we'd rather use a complete solution (so that pages actually have the correct title) rather than hacking what is shown to viewers. In any case, we shouldn't have many problems in the future because of this; People will only capitalize the first letter of a title when it's actually necessary; otherwise, lazyness/convenience makes us all use lowercase everywhere (besides, redirects can be used just in case, such as {{tl|yesno}} → {{tl|YesNo}}. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 09:06, 12 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External Images ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Has there actually been a decision on external images? Or is it just to be decided later? &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 15px; border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[User:Grep|grep]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-right-radius: 15px; border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[User_talk:Grep|talk]]&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
: No decision yet.  What do you think? --[[User:Jeff|Jeff]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 21:16, 28 August 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Well, the whitelisting seems an OK idea. This would help you save space on the servers that you are hosting on, so that's a plus.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;I say go for whitelisting. &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 15px; border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[User:Grep|grep]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-right-radius: 15px; border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[User_talk:Grep|talk]]&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 77%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mostly I am wondering because I created a PHP script that creates an image to display the results of a poll (like on the Moving the Wiki topic in Proposals). For my situation any method of something external being placed on this site will work.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::'''I just''' got an idea... what if there was a group of moderators that check external images and approve them. The more approvals a person gets, the more &amp;quot;reliable&amp;quot; they are considered to be... ? &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 15px; border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[User:Grep|grep]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-right-radius: 15px; border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[User_talk:Grep|talk]]&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Short Link Problem Fix? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;mod_rewrite&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; installed and enabled?&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Short_URL/Apache MW ShortURL]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Are all of the config files (including the wiki one) set up?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-left-radius: 15px; border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;[[User:Grep|grep]]&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; background: #eee; padding: 5px 5px 5px 5px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-right-radius: 15px; border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[[User_talk:Grep|talk]]&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== New admin please? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a bit forthright of me, but nothing appears to be being done about it. Would you read this [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Proposals#Spampage Rampage]] and comment on it? Thanks, [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]] and the community 17:47, 13 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Small change ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Jeff! Long time no see. Look, could you add&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['autopatrol'] = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
to LocalSettings.php? That will allow edits by [[mw:auto-confirmed|auto-confirmed]] users not to be marked with a red exclamation mark in recent changes so we can more quickly spot edits that might need reviewing. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 02:16, 22 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Btw while you're at it, please also add&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgAllowUserJs = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgAllowUserCss = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:So users can make their own scripts and styles to enhance the wiki (I need that, for instance, to test stuff without affecting anyone else, before integrating them on site-wide javascript/css pages) --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 16:52, 22 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{done}} and {{done}} --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 19:55, 25 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Thanks! --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 19:57, 25 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:: Sorry, I forgot a small detail: it is necessary to set up the following so that &amp;quot;auto-confirmed&amp;quot; doesn't mean &amp;quot;any registered user&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
:: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgAutoConfirmAge   = 60*60*24*3 // accounts become auto-confirmed after 3 days&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgAutoConfirmCount = 10         // ...and 10 edits&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:: Cheers, [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 21:32, 25 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::: {{done}} --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 21:49, 25 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Thanks, again. Also, since the wiki didn't break, I take it that you noticed the missing semicolons which I stupidly forgot to include at the end of the lines, and added them. Sorry for the slip-up. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:31, 26 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::: No worries, I know that much at least! :) --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 17:36, 26 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Did you by any chance write &amp;quot;auto patrol&amp;quot; instead of &amp;quot;autopatrol&amp;quot;? [[Special:ListGroupRights]] suggests so, and if that's the case, that explains why the changes don't seem to have had the effects I expected from them (edits by auto-patrolled users still marked with the red exclamation mark in Special:RecentChanges). Could you check that the line reads exactly &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;$wgGroupPermissions['autoconfirmed']['autopatrol'] = true;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;? --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:54, 26 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: That's what I thought I put even though autocorrect wanted to change it.  Can't look now, will have a look when I get home. ---[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 17:55, 26 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Any news? No pressure, I'm just curious :) --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 15:34, 30 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Bah - I keep forgetting when I get home.  I'll try to get it done this weekend. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 17:35, 30 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Much delayed, but {{done}} --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 02:50, 4 December 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::: Thanks, Jeff. I'll let you know if there's any further issues, but I believe everything should be working now. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 03:34, 4 December 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Links to category pages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I couldn't help but notice the number of your edits to your page. You can link to category pages by putting a colon in front of &amp;quot;Category&amp;quot;. &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[:Category:Pages to delete]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; produces [[:Category:Pages to delete]]. It also doesn't add the category to that page, it just links to it. Cheers, [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I'm an admin. I can help.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;_a&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]])  17:30, 30 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Oh geez.  You saw that?  That's a little embarrassing with not knowing what to do, I kept trying to figure out how to put the link there.  Thanks for the help!  I couldn't find that information anywhere. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 17:31, 30 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::When I had to learn about that trick the edits on that page looked fairly similar. I eventually found the right page [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Links] (ctrl+f &amp;quot;category&amp;quot;, it's buried) and managed it. I have the Recent Changes page set to auto-refresh every minute. I see a few things. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I'm an admin. I can help.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;_a&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]])  17:43, 30 November 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Your opinion? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please comment [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Technical#We need more maintainers|here]]. Cheers, [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:21, 5 December 2012 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Update: we've been offered help by [[mediawiki:User:Dantman|an experienced MediaWiki developer]], I think we can finally solve the server-side issues now! Please take a look at the thread linked above. [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 20:07, 23 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== I am really dumb ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
and this morning, while creating a user name, I goofed it and wrote .mau, (with a trailing comma) instead of .mau. (with a trailing dot, which is my trademark). I know that a bureaucrat on MediaWiki can change a username which had few edits (my own edits are three including this one): could you do this, or at least delete this username so that I may recreate it without leaving a dead one? TIA, [[User:.mau,|.mau,]] ([[User talk:.mau,|talk]]) 15:09, 16 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:You can actually change your signature to .mau. if you want, to mask that for now. Just make a page called User:.mau,/sig and craft your signature to your liking, then go to my preferences at the top and set your sig to &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{SUBST:User:.mau,/sig}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;. If you want an example, [[User:Lcarsos/sig]] is a near-vanilla and quite clean example of a custom sig, while [[User:Omega/sig]] and my sig, [[User:Davidy22/sig]] are slightly more tricked-out options. Wikipedia's guidelines to signature crafting are {{w|Wikipedia:Signatures#Customizing_your_signature|here.}} '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 15:53, 16 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::ok, thanks! [[User:.mau,|.mau.]] ([[User talk:.mau,|talk]]) 09:55, 17 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Aw, that's it? No bling or anything? Meeehhh. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 13:16, 17 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:(to Jeff) I believe user renaming is not possible in vanilla mediawiki. An extension is required: [[mw:Extension:Renameuser]] --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 18:21, 17 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::I find a bit disturbing to have a &amp;quot;wrong&amp;quot; username, especially because I may not remember it somewhen (yes, the word does not exist, but I like its sound); but I don't need any flashy signature, so I just changed the traling comma to a dot. --[[User:.mau,|.mau.]] ([[User talk:.mau,|talk]]) 14:09, 18 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==/wiki/==&lt;br /&gt;
Now that the site apparently redirects to the wiki, could the entire wiki URL just be explainxkcd.com, without the trailing wiki? It's mostly for cleanliness, but also to throw off the spambots for a while. Those accursed spam happy bots. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 04:29, 4 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Sounds good, I'm working on that part next.  It is next on my &amp;quot;to-do&amp;quot; list complete some URL work like that. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 18:05, 4 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::''nag''. Also, the spam is becoming an issue. A pretty big issue. Time to switch captchas? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 13:04, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: OK - sounds good to me, any ones you recommend? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 13:33, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: I don't remember which captcha the wiki uses, but I know securimage and recaptcha are two very competent options. Alternately, you could use [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ConfirmEdit ConfirmEdit] to screen anon edits. Much of the spam seems to be automated, so questycaptcha should screen out most of the chaff. Just simple questions, like &amp;quot;What webcomic does this site explain&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Who created XKCD&amp;quot; should be sufficient to screw up our current spammers. Also, rm /wiki/ plx. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 13:41, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Confirm edit is in and Recaptcha is out.  Let's try that. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 14:11, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::The questions appear to be case-sensitive. To avoid frustration, could you add a notice to every question saying that the answers have to be in all lower/upper case? I got &amp;quot;What's the name of this wiki&amp;quot; wrong a bunch of times, and I think it's due to capitalization. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 14:30, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::Ok - cool.  I changed it to $wgSitename instead of just writing it out. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 14:32, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::If we get no spam tomorrow, I will hold a party in your talk page. Oh, and /wiki/. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 14:38, 18 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::I'll just hijack this thread and ask: Isn't it time Davidy22 got admin tools? It's long overdue. And please promote Lcarsos‏‎ to bureaucrat, so he can make new admins if needed. And seconded: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/wiki/&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ! --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 02:39, 19 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::::Could you also put confirmEdit in general page creation for anonymous users? There's still a couple of spam pages being made that don't actually advertise anything. There hasn't been an account creation in a long time, so I think we've killed off the spam accounts. The rate of spam has definitely dropped significantly ever since we switched to confirmEdit. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 05:42, 20 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::::We've just had a surge of pure griefer spam. Anons who don't insert any links, they're just throwing spam at us out of malice. Could you make anonymous users have to pass through confrimEdit to create pages? Thanks. On a side note, what's the ratio in terms of file size between current explanation pages to logs and diffs? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;I want you&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;4px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 01:53, 22 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::::Wow those suck.  Wiping out whole pages with anon edits.  I can't change the settings from here, but I'll do it when I get home. Also, I'm not sure what you mean by filesize? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 15:51, 22 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::::::Eh, how much space do explanations and images take up on your hard drive when compared to the space that log files and diffs take up? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; title=&amp;quot;I want you&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;4px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 16:01, 22 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::::::Click a thing, check out the URL. I be posting this here instead of DMs because somthing like this has been requested for a pretty long time. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 01:55, 7 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::::::: I'm confused.  There's a lot going on in this thread.  Want to break it out into its own header? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:48, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::::::::Mkay '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 19:47, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Promote Davidy22 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''Breaking this discussion out from where it was, because it merits its own section. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I'm an admin. I can help.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;_a&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]])''&lt;br /&gt;
I'll just hijack this thread and ask: Isn't it time Davidy22 got admin tools? It's long overdue. And please promote lcarsos‏‎ to bureaucrat, so he can make new admins if needed. And seconded: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/wiki/&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; ! --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 02:39, 19 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:'''Heartily Agree''' on promoting Davidy22, he's almost always more on top of spam patrol than I am these days (burn-out for the lose). I'm not sure I can speak for my own promotion without sounding self-serving and power-hungry. However, in my few spare moments this semester I am looking closely at getting a bot up and running to automate the clean up of spam (mostly because manual spam patrol is the most soul-sucking and disheartening activity I've ever done), so it would be nice to be able to get a bot account promoted to bot status without misrepresenting it as my account. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I'm an admin. I can help.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;_a&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 18:13, 19 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Davidy22 is up to admin (honestly, I thought he was already one, so no issue there on my end.) and lcarsos has been updated to bureaucrat because we should have more redundancy there.  Also, create a bot account and let me know what it is and i'll give it bot rights. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 18:36, 19 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Or now, you can do it! :) --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 18:41, 19 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::WOO, power! '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I want you.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;purple&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;2px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;David&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;green&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;3px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;indigo&amp;quot; size=&amp;quot;1px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;22&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 05:42, 20 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Small ConfirmEdit change ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Can you change the line:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;$wgCaptchaTriggers['create']        = false;&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
to true? I think this would solve most of our bot vandalism/griefing problems. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]&amp;lt;span title=&amp;quot;I'm an admin. I can help.&amp;quot;&amp;gt;_a&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 21:19, 22 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: {{done}}  I changed 'edit' to true as well since we've seen a bunch when editing user's talk pages.  We will see if I have to move that back to false. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:16, 23 February 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== DeleteOldRevisions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There's a script built into mediawiki called DeleteOldRevisions.php that seems to have deprecated the deletehistory plugin. A link to the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:DeleteOldRevisions.php manual page.] A hard drive upgrade would be apt for the future though. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|purple|David}}&amp;lt;font color=green size=3px&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=indigo size=4px&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 00:15, 20 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: I'm looking into it.  I'm not sure how the wiki got back up and running without me running the update.  I'll try the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:DeleteHistory] and see if that can help in the meantime.  The expanded HD might be a no-go, but I'll see on that too. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 01:27, 20 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Server Hardware==&lt;br /&gt;
The website is getting really slow and throwing internal errors all over the place, and it looks like both the main page and the page for the newest comic [[1190: Time]] are climbing rapidly in views. If one ambiguous comic is hitting us like a DDoS, we're going to get it in the shorts if Randall ever actually acknowledges our existence directly, or some other geeky media outlet posts a link to us. Is there a donate button anywhere? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|purple|David}}&amp;lt;font color=green size=3px&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=indigo size=4px&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 05:18, 25 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: We certainly can get a Donate button.  We may need to migrate the server to get it upgraded.  This is one of those big days, I guess. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:39, 25 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: How about a Kickstarter or Indiegogo campaign? --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 12:37, 26 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Kickstarter and Indiegogo are one-time things. No good for this. I recommend modifying the donate button so that there is a PayPal &amp;quot;Subscribe&amp;quot; button near it so people can also do small monthly subscriptions. I recommend a dropdown with $1, $2, $5, $10, $20 options.&lt;br /&gt;
:::Does 1&amp;amp;1 give you stats like how much bandwidth (or rather how much data) you are using. That could have an effect on where is best to get the new hosting; Rackspace Cloud, Linode, AWS, or even a real server with access to other network options like paying for actual Mbps bandwidth with unlimited data.&lt;br /&gt;
:::When you get a server I'd like to properly set it up with varnish, nginx, apc (or Zend_Optimizer+ considering it's going to be part of php 5.5), memcached, and perhaps php-fpm instead of mod_php. Varnish will allow anonymous pages to be cached hopefully reducing the load issues. And nginx should serve out static things better than Apache. [[User:Dantman|Dantman]] ([[User talk:Dantman|talk]]) 05:23, 27 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Regarding the Paypal button, besides the subscribe option, I would recommend removing the credit card logos, as they make it too wide for the sidebar and not fit the design well. Besides, I personally think they give it kind of a corporate feel; instead, a simple &amp;quot;donate&amp;quot; button, while still recognizable as paypal's, feels simpler and more &amp;quot;personal&amp;quot;, for lack of a better word.&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Also, I think you should place it above the AdSense block, since that makes it more visible, and prioritizes a form of supporting the site that people have direct, active control over, rather than the passive, choice-less (modulo AdBlock) AdSense.&lt;br /&gt;
:::: And also capitalize &amp;quot;donate&amp;quot; in the section title, to match the other titles (&amp;quot;Navigation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Toolbox&amp;quot;, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Since we're at it: maybe more donation options would make sense: [//flattr.com Flattr], [//gittip.com Gittip], [//tiptheweb.org/ TipTheWeb], and possibly [//bitcoin.org/ Bitcoins].&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Finally, is it possible to make the AdSense background transparent, or at least the same as the site background of #F3F3F3? --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 14:15, 27 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Is it possible to add the ad and donate buttons without including a section title? Minimizing unused space is gooood. Also, I noticed that you installed the deletehistory plugin, but it's trying to use another version of PHP that's installed on the server. deleteoldrevisions.php in the maintenance folder oughta work fine, though it'd probably be apt to run it over the weekend when we're not expecting absurd floods of visitors like we are now. We may need it too, after we've filled up the hard drive again with archives of Time.'''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|purple|David}}&amp;lt;font color=green size=3px&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=indigo size=4px&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 14:39, 27 March 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Yes, it is possible for me to edit, I will have to go into the settings for each since I used extensions for them.  I hate the credit card things too.  Will take a look at all options tonight.&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: The Deletehistory plugin doesn't work, sadly because of the PHP version.  Hopefully, when we migrate, it will be on a newer version and that will work.  Hopefully, we will have more disk space too... --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]])&lt;br /&gt;
::::: Hey Jeff. Could you change the width of the paypal donate button so that it matches the google ads and the bitcoin donate button? Maybe using a custom button rather than the paypal-provided one?&lt;br /&gt;
::::: Also, any news regarding the possibility of changing the background of the google ads? --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:21, 8 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: It did not work out with Google ads for a reason they will not disclose to me, but I'll work on the buttons and the banner ad. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:11, 9 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Everything's good ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Except for the (currently) occasional server error, I have no problems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I've turned on HotCat and Popups, imported wikEdDiff and my HideTopContribs, all of which make me fairly efficient at watching changes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A minor request would be the Redirect toolbar button.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 17:13, 19 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:When you turn off enwiki's &amp;quot;Enable enhanced editing toolbar&amp;quot; all of the toolbar buttons explainxkcd has are in the same order (it skips Math) and the very next one is Redirect #R. It seems to be defined at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.js/edit.js&amp;amp;action=edit&lt;br /&gt;
:I've tried adding just Redirect #R myself [[User:Markhurd/common.js|here]], but something's going wrong. (And I should be sleeping!)&lt;br /&gt;
::Seeing as it is only one button I wanted, I simplified the code down to calling addButton directly and it is now working fine. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 13:07, 20 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Re being an Admin: Yes, please, as long as you note this would be my first actual Admin bit. (I'm a Bureaucrat on another MW wiki so I could give myself Admin rights whenever I wanted.)  [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 19:39, 19 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sidebar ads ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, we're having a discussion about the sidebar ads on [[Talk:Main Page#sidebar ads?]]. --[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 08:42, 24 April 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Economic transparency ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi! I made a request on economic transparency on the proposals page. –[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 22:05, 27 May 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Thumbnails are not working==&lt;br /&gt;
I'm relatively new here but I think each picture should get it's proper thumbnail when the original is to large to embed. Mediawiki is using some applications in the background maybe not available here. But there are some workarounds. And since &amp;quot;onlinehome.us&amp;quot; is well secured I still do even not know what OS is running in the background. But whatever the OS is, it should be solvable.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 18:13, 8 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Last missing page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I'm hoping you don't mind about my adds to Natalie Dee. I was working on that at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
BTW: Can I help you on that thumbnail issue? I really would be happy if it could fixed here.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:42, 18 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: No problem on the Natalee Dee comic, I was just working on it because it was the last one, edit away.  What's the thumbnail issue? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 21:43, 18 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Thanks for your reply. I am still talking about this: [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Errors_and_symptoms#Image_Thumbnails_not_working_and.2For_appearing Image_Thumbnails_not_working]. I am sure there is a need to fix the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/LocalSettings.php LocalSettings.php]. Maybe some paths are wrong or it's just using wrong image tools. I can help on any OS except Apple computers.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 22:07, 18 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Congratulations! ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You just created the last unexplained comic of ''xkcd''! [[User:Greyson|Greyson]] ([[User talk:Greyson|talk]]) 23:38, 18 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Thanks Greyson! --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 03:04, 19 June 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Math==&lt;br /&gt;
A lot of comics have formulae in them. Could you set $wgUseTeX = true in LocalSettings.php? That lets us use latex in pages. It'd be useful for comics like yesterday's. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 09:12, 11 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Yeah, this would be nice. But you have to install an extension, LaTex must be available, then compile something, and at least adjusting the LocalSettings.php config file. We also sill do not have all image features here. But I can help, Windows or Linux.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 13:55, 11 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: I'll look into it.  Let me know if you find an extension that will do the trick.  Send me some links to anything that would help and I can get them set up. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 14:44, 11 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Go here [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Math Extension:Math] and read the installation instructions first, it's not easy. For Fedora (Linux) there is a package called &amp;quot;mediawiki-math.x86_64&amp;quot; available. I will test this at my own computer.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:57, 11 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::It's the hell, but I got a first crappy version at my local installation. I have had to install ''latex'' and ''ocaml'' packages and now its working, but it still renders many lines before the &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; tag, So it's still not usable for this site.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:35, 13 July 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
===Seeing injected banner ads?===&lt;br /&gt;
I'm seeing banner ads (viewing on my iPad) that cover the actual banner of the site and never scroll out of view.  It's as if they've been infected by a downstream server (ISP?). Anybody else?  I'm in Wisconsin using TDS.  Jeff M.&lt;br /&gt;
: That's terrible, I've got to fix that.  bah.  --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 18:36, 2 August 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Is there a place I can email some screenshots? Jeff M.{{unsigned ip|69.130.242.120}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Full cache kills this page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, it seems this page was not reachable for 15 hours again. The cache here has to be cleared sometimes, but since I can do it with my account I will create a script running once per day. 15 hours outage are bad, I try to avoid this in the future. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:50, 3 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Which page was dead? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:11, 3 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::The entire site was dead. Look here: [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]]. My last post was at 23:44 yesterday, no actions here after my reset at 14:54 today. The site was dead. I'm not a hacker, but I'm a programmer and I used this base of knowledge to fix this problem. If you do need more details, please send me an email. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 18:25, 3 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Agreed.  Tried to visit yesterday PM, but a lot of pages were spilling guts: user pages, category pages, no comic explanations (as far as I could tell with my limited browsing.)  A chron-job script to keep that at bay would be good medicine, assuming it didn't have other side effects. [[User:IronyChef|IronyChef]] ([[User talk:IronyChef|talk]]) 03:19, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
I will set up a cron job running once per day. Maybe this entry at the config file [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:LocalSettings.php LocalSettings.php] would be the better solution:&lt;br /&gt;
 $wgMainCacheType = CACHE_NONE;&lt;br /&gt;
I'm using the MidnightCommander (Linux) for editing this file.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 12:11, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Cache_None is already set in the LocalSettings.  I believe this is usually a database error that we are getting.  It usually resolves itself as I'm not able to resolve it myself.  I believe that we are getting hit with a brute force attack at our database during those times because the database is totally unreachable.  I'm working on moving to a new host where the database will be better protected. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:16, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Cache_None or CACHE_NONE? This should be case sensitive. Nevertheless I did purge the cache and the site was instantly available again (after approx. 15 hours). Also Davidy22 explained that he did clear the cache to bring the site back. The error messages are misleading and not showing the real problem.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 12:43, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Yes, CACHE_NONE, sorry, I was typing fast.  I've ran my clear cache script a few times when I've had that same problem and haven't seen results, so I'm glad we at least have something that's working.  --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 15:18, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::You are doing a great job, I feel I just have to say thanks! When the next outage does happen I will activate a small script, but for now I just try to avoid unnecessary traffic  to this server.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 16:15, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::: Thanks Dgbrt! --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 18:07, 4 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== New host ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Great job, but please check this link: &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;/wiki/&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;. I can browse the entire folder and more. It seems that &amp;quot;htaccess&amp;quot; should be renamed to &amp;quot;.htaccess&amp;quot;.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 08:32, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Oh geez.  That's bad. Thanks! --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:02, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Should be good now. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:45, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I found an other serious issue belonging to DNS entries:&lt;br /&gt;
 Name:	explainxkcd.com&lt;br /&gt;
 Address: 108.162.198.131&lt;br /&gt;
 Name:	explainxkcd.com&lt;br /&gt;
 Address: 108.162.199.131&lt;br /&gt;
This works fine because 108.162.'''198'''.131 is correct. But most DNS servers showing up with this result:&lt;br /&gt;
 Name:	explainxkcd.com&lt;br /&gt;
 Address: 108.162.199.131&lt;br /&gt;
 Name:	explainxkcd.com&lt;br /&gt;
 Address: 108.162.198.131&lt;br /&gt;
This just leads to the old server at 108.162.'''199'''.131. Check Google DNS server 8.8.8.8 with nslookup, the wrong IP is shown first.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 19:34, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Weird... I'll research. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 19:35, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Yes, it's weird. After I discovered this I did enter an entry for this at my local &amp;quot;/etc/hosts&amp;quot; file. But it seems most people can not access the new site.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:20, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::One more: The logo on the left top is broken. ''style=&amp;quot;background-image: url(/wiki/skins/common/images/explainxkcd.png)'' does not exist.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:53, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Yea, what happened to that logo... it was there this morning. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 20:56, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::Oh, after a computer crash I'm back. Right now even the editor is broken here. I don't know if I can send this message. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:22, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Ok, it does work, but all images for short cuts on top of the editor are also broken now. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:26, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: The editor works fine for me, I'll research the images. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 21:27, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::It seems all links like &amp;quot;/wiki/skins/common/images/button_bold.png&amp;quot; are gone. Additionally I'm getting an JavaScript error &amp;quot;TypeError: document.getElementById(...) is null&amp;quot;. http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/skins/common/images/button_bold.png redirects me to http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page. Maybe you still get some content, maybe cache, from 108.162.199.131? Or is the real site now on that IP? Remember, I have had to restart my computer; most of my cache is gone and I'm just seeing the real page.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:48, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::: I fixed the images.  I did that stupidly through the htaccess page.  I've got to figure a better solution for what I'm trying to do to solve another problem. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 21:58, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::Looks great right now. So that DNS glitch seems to be the most worse problem right now.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 22:08, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::: I think DNS is still propagating with the updates from yesterday. Not every one has the correct information yet... those two DNS IPs are the load balancers, I believe. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 22:09, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::::::Strange &amp;quot;load balancers&amp;quot;, but it's working now on both IPs. Many thanks again for your hard work, you must have invested many hours on this migration. Let's see tomorrow if other users will be able to find this site again.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 22:30, 30 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Please remove subaddressing from my account email [[user:tbc]] ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Jeff,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I requested a password reset, but I forgot that my account still has an old email registered: timc+explainxkcd@divide.net. My ISP, pcisys.net née divide.net, disabled subaddressing during an email upgrade earlier this year. If you will update that email to remove the plus sign so my account email is timc@divide.net, I will be able to reset my password. I was logged in from my iPad to write on the [[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Admin_requests#Please_remove_subaddressing_from_my_account_email_user:tbc|community portal]] page, but since I needed my password, which I have forgotten, to change it, I got stuck. – ''[[User:Tbc|tbc]] ([[User talk:Tbc|talk]]) 30 Oct 2013''&lt;br /&gt;
: You should be good to go now. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:07, 31 October 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: I am. Thank you! – ''[[User:Tbc|tbc]] ([[User talk:Tbc|talk]]) 05:32, 8 November 2013 (UTC)''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Forbidden ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You don't have permission to access /wiki/ ([http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/ http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/]) on this server. I think a simple redirect would be a better solution.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:45, 4 November 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Yup, that's on my list to work on.  If you are knowledgable about htaccess files, feel free to send me an email. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 13:48, 5 November 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::The first great point is: The error doesn't show the server, version, etc... A hacker can't figure what exploits are available.&lt;br /&gt;
::At my local test installation (Apache, Linux) it's covered by the general server configuration. And each folder simply does contain a proper &amp;quot;index.php&amp;quot; file from mediawiki doing the correct redirects.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:19, 5 November 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Fixed. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:02, 21 November 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::Great job, thanks.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 22:18, 21 November 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Re: the latest puzzle  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I don't know how to contribute in the discussion section on the page, so I'm throwing ideas at you. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just quick thoughts. &lt;br /&gt;
I feel like Cpl klinger and the water type kingler is too solid a connection to ignore even though I can't really use it. &lt;br /&gt;
Kingler was owned in the series by Ash. &lt;br /&gt;
Ash is a three letter word and the last three letters of the phrase monstermash. &lt;br /&gt;
Monsterm=8 letters so the first block  ash=3 letters in the second block. &lt;br /&gt;
Monsterm is about the monster.com thing, therefore purloined. It's a double reference, the .co has been purloined from the purloined website. &lt;br /&gt;
Then blastoise -3, or rather blastois3 - 3 (mocking the common password meme of replacing letters with numbers) &lt;br /&gt;
So the last password, which is super hard to guess and well chosen even with the clue is, blastoisash?   It's a feasibly memorable password that would not be quickly forgotten by a pokemon fan while still being hard to guess. &lt;br /&gt;
Can you think of a way to check it? Maybe go into the old command line xkcd and try it as a password?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==URLs==&lt;br /&gt;
I made them marginally shorter. Can you spot the difference? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 19:47, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Uh, I can't.  Does that make me a bad person? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 22:17, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::If you go to any page, you should see that it says index.php/&amp;lt;page name&amp;gt; instead of index.php?title=&amp;lt;page name&amp;gt;. Small change, I'm trying to kill the index.php bit too, but I think I suck at regexes. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 22:31, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Regexes are the WORST --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 22:45, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::Regexes are great, but they are hard to implement for a specific solution. But Goooogle helps. And a question to Davidy22: Why you do not present your enhancement here? --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:10, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::I set $wgUsePathInfo to true in mediawiki settings, and here's our lines for redirecting URLs in general:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.png|\.jpg|\.gif)$ [NC]&lt;br /&gt;
 # RewriteRule ^/wiki(/.*)$ %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/wiki/index.php$1 [L]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Followed and preceded by htaccess commands that do other things. The broken line is commented out because it doesn't work. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 23:32, 9 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Uhh, it seems I still do not understand the secret. [http://www.xkcd.com/1301] to [http://www.explainxkcd.com/1301] works fine for me, but I do not understand that [NC] here so far:&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.png|\.jpg|\.gif)$ [NC]&lt;br /&gt;
::::::maybe&lt;br /&gt;
:::::::RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.png|\.jpg|\.gif)$[NC]&lt;br /&gt;
::::::is better. But this means every request not matching those three image extensions would fit that rewrite rule. This is just haaardly regex. The second line is just a comment you probably did remove. I can't see the rewrite rule. And testing for a simple number x, xx, xyz, or xyzz would be better.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 00:23, 10 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::::That's an entirely different rewriterule that does actually work and was deployed long ago that I didn't print here. I'm talking about a general-purpose rewrite that redirects from explainxkcd.com/wiki/&amp;lt;page name&amp;gt;, which I attempted to create in the commented-out line. The image exclusion is to stop image display requests from also being redirected, and I don't think you quite get how rewrite rules work. Not *every* page is fitted to every rewrite rule; the first half of the rule describes the conditions in which the rule should be applied. And yeah, just plugging in page names works, but I kinda don't want to hard-code every possible page redirect into our htaccess file. That's what the regex is for. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 00:51, 10 December 2013 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== /r/xkcd sitenotice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Could you please remove the sitenotice linking to and promoting /r/xkcd? [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]] added it to the sitenotice and cross-posted to reddit. Unfortunately, h/r/xkcd sub is controlled by /u/soccer, who links to racist, xenophobic and misogynistic content regularly. [http://www.reddit.com/r/anonymous123421/comments/1w8aie/petition_to_reinstate_uwyboth_as_a_mod_of_rxkcd/cezp63m Randall has spoken in support] of a petition for /u/soccer to be removed as a mod. /r/xkcdcomic is a non-hateful alternative, one that Randall supports, and it has more users than /r/xkcd.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I did comment on Davidy22's talk page, but I thought I should drop you a line as well. Thanks, [[User:LadyMondegreen|LadyMondegreen]] ([[User talk:LadyMondegreen|talk]]) 13:55, 2 May 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Hi LadyMondegreen did he change it already?  I didn't touch it yet, but it shows /r/xkcdcomic for me.  I agree with you completely and I'm sorry if we linked to the wrong subreddit, even momentarily. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 14:50, 2 May 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::It never linked to /r/xkcd. I think LadyMondegreen misread it or something. '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 01:41, 3 May 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Yeah, that was my bad. Someone pointed it out to me on IRC and I guess I didn't look closely enough. Sorry about that. [[User:LadyMondegreen|LadyMondegreen]] ([[User talk:LadyMondegreen|talk]]) 19:36, 6 May 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== MediaWiki question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Out of curiosity, do you ever have a plan to add other skin options, like Monobook? [[User:Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;000999&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Schiffy&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User_talk:Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;FF6600&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Speak to me&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]|[[Special:Contributions/Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;FF0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;What I've done&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]) 21:40, 31 July 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:A fair number of other skins were cut because they broke our sidebar, and others were cut cuz they were ugly and no one used them. If there's demand for them, they could be brought back though; you just want Monobook? '''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 18:06, 2 August 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Mainly, yes. From a personal standpoint, I find Vector fairly ugly. CologneBlue and Modern aren't much better. Monobook is my preferred alternative. I can't speak for majority of users on explainxkcd, but I do know there are a number of people who prefer Monobook to other skins. [[User:Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;000999&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Schiffy&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]] ([[User_talk:Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;FF6600&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Speak to me&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]|[[Special:Contributions/Schiffy|&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;FF0000&amp;quot;&amp;gt;What I've done&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]) 21:56, 3 August 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Fair enough. Monobook is back. Tell me if anything is wonky with our customisations, and I'll fix it.'''[[User:Davidy22|&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;{{Color|#707|David}}&amp;lt;font color=#070 size=3&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=#508 size=4&amp;gt;²²&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|&amp;lt;tt&amp;gt;[talk]&amp;lt;/tt&amp;gt;]] 01:56, 4 August 2014 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== IP Address glitch ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There appears to be a problem with the way that this site fetches users IP addresses! My IP address, as confirmed by whatismyip.com and other wikis, is 24.15.68.186! However, this site believes it to be 108.162.237.130! When I look up the incorrect IP address, it appears to be registered to CloudFlare. Is there anything you can do to resolve the situation? I don't want to get confused with a spambot and accidentally blocked! Thank you! [[User:The Wikiator|The Wikiator]] ([[User talk:The Wikiator|talk]]) 00:26, 19 April 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:This is a [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Technical#Wrong IP address shown|known issue]]. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 11:06, 19 April 2016 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Crash ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cool, I was worried for a bit that Explain Xkcd was down. By the way, I found the URL for a [http://c.xkcd.com/random/comic random comic] and a [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/Special:Random random explained comic]. [[User:SilverMagpie|SilverMagpie]] ([[User talk:SilverMagpie|talk]]) 16:48, 12 May 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A problem with a thing ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I'm a new user on this site, and for some reason I can't make my own user page because I don't have permission. Plz help me!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Timeflow X|Timeflow X]] ([[User talk:Timeflow X|talk]]) 10:52, 21 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Weird - it works for me.  I edited your user page, see if you can edit it now that its created? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:44, 21 June 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== LocalSettings.php ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please set &amp;quot;$wgUseInstantCommons = true;&amp;quot; in LocalSettings.php. We have still pictures with red links here. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:39, 22 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Done --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 00:40, 26 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks, but it's not working as expected: [[File:Button sig.png]]. It should show this picture: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Button_sig.png https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Button_sig.png].--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:44, 26 July 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Ok, I'll take a look again when I can, is there anything else I need to do?  Like add an extension? --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 02:32, 1 August 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::Are we on MediaWiki version 1.16 or later? If not &amp;quot;$wgForeignFileRepos&amp;quot; would be the solution. But if the version is ok it's probably an https related problem: [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/InstantCommons#HTTPS InstantCommons#HTTPS]. Maybe this helps.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 12:39, 1 August 2017 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::'''Solved.''' As you can see above. I've had to update the ca-certificate package. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:56, 25 May 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Email coming from a non-existent domain ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;confirm email&amp;quot; button sends email from &amp;quot;expla0@vps.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;.  The vps.explainxkcd.com domain doesn't exist (according to CloudFlare's DNS servers).  Some email servers (including sendmail's default configuration; see https://www.sendmail.org/~ca/email/doc8.12/cf/m4/features.html#accept_unresolvable_domains) will reject such emails.  I haven't tested password recovery emails, but I wouldn't be surprised if the same problem exists there too.  In my case, I've added &amp;quot;vps.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot; to my access database, but whom should I talk to about fixing the sent email?  [[User:Piquan|Piquan]] ([[User talk:Piquan|talk]]) 02:44, 11 February 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: The emails that I get when someone edits my talk page are: explain@explainxkcd.com and both settings in the localsettings.php are set to:$wgEmergencyContact = &amp;quot;explain@explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;;$wgPasswordSender   = &amp;quot;explain@explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;; but there might be a third one that catches those types of emails so I added $wgNoReplyAddress = &amp;quot;explain@explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;;  Let me know if that fixes it. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 02:58, 13 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::I've send you an email from here: [[:Special:EmailUser/Jeff]]. I also requested a copy to me and that was more than two hours ago. But nothing happened and I'm sure you also didn't receive a mail. By having access to the log-files I'm sure I would figure out the problem. BTW: My last mail from here was in February. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:55, 13 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Ok, problem partly solved; my mails went into the Spam folder eventually meaning no notification to me. The reason is in fact what [[User:Piquan|Piquan]] has told in the initial comment. The mails are delivered via a mail server &amp;quot;vps.explainxkcd.com with local (Exim 4.80.1)&amp;quot; (belonging to Lunar Pages/Cloudflare) while the MX entry for explainxkcd.com is &amp;quot;mail.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;. There are two possible solutions, but the first is highly recommended:&lt;br /&gt;
*Lunar Pages/Cloudflare have to change the rewriting rules at their Exim message transfer agent to an existing domain name. This would be in this case &amp;quot;mail.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
*The name &amp;quot;vps.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot; must resolve to the IP 67.210.100.50 (we must hope that will not change in the future) AND there must be a second MX entry in the name registry for &amp;quot;explainxkcd.com&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;vps.explainxkcd.com&amp;quot;. But I predict this would cause new problems in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
The FROM line in the mail header (e.g. From: Dgbrt &amp;lt;my.name@mail.com&amp;gt; or something like &amp;lt;explain@explainxkcd.com&amp;gt;) is irrelevant because only the message agents needs a proper configuration. My former mail servers also rejected those corrupt mails; google mail just puts it into a spam folder. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 18:43, 13 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== ReCaptcha v1 is going away ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As I was posting an earlier comment, the reCAPTCHA told me:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;V1 UNSUPPORTED - Please direct siteowner to g.co/recaptcha/upgrade&amp;quot;.  (I typed &amp;quot;V1 UNSUPPORTED&amp;quot; in the box and it worked.)  It looks like the reCAPTCHA that's currently being used by the wiki is sunsetting on 31 March 2018 (in a month and a half, as of this writing), and so they're currently sending a small percentage of requests that notice instead of a CAPTCHA challenge.  Thought I'd let you know.  [[User:Piquan|Piquan]] ([[User talk:Piquan|talk]]) 02:55, 11 February 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Someone else has already mentioned that in the admin forum, but no one replied. I really think we should create a new forum for requests like that, as not many people visit that forum now. And at the time of this comment the CAPTCHA has expired. [[User:Herobrine|Herobrine]] ([[User talk:Herobrine|talk]]) 07:40, 8 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: That's on me, I'm working on it. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 12:03, 12 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::That's great, please also fix the email issue (section above). --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 12:15, 12 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please reactivate the corrupt captcha or disable IPs from editing. We already have vandalism (see history at [[1031]])! --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:58, 12 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Well, that was stupid.  It's back on now.  I'm going to fix it, but I can't fix it right now so I'll leave the broken one on. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 15:20, 12 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks, a day or one more are not a problem yet. But maybe you should change the Sitenotice on top so that others can see that work is in progress. Nevertheless I would talk to you about some general issues here, so when you have time please contact me on my talk page. Maybe you remember that I've had a test-wiki at home to test my BOT. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:58, 12 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A Couple of Issues ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Google seems to have changed something in AdSense again, and the ads have been appearing in random positions again since December, 2019. [https://wpadvancedads.com/adsense-in-random-positions-auto-ads/ This page] might have a solution? It's been quite a while, and the ads are still broken.&lt;br /&gt;
2. New site called xkcd.wtf is blatantly stealing/scraping explanations from our site and posting it with a new theme. Not sure if it's a mirror or just Ctrl+C Ctrl+V. Is this even legal? [[User:Herobrine|Herobrine]] ([[User talk:Herobrine|talk]]) 09:32, 4 April 2020 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Google keeps killing me with these.  I'll see what I can do.  Not sure about the page copying.  --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:32, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:: looks like xkcd.wtf at least links to us and references us at the bottom since all of our stuff is CC licensed.  Pretty friendly all things concerned. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:54, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Randall's NYT Columns ==&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, In June I posted a proposal on the community portal ([[explain_xkcd:Community_portal/Proposals#New_page_for_Randall.27s_regular_column_in_the_New_York_Times |New page for Randall's regular column in the NY Times]]) and I was sort of hoping to get feedback.  The proposal does include a script for the page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not sure where the page would go or be linked from, but it would be similar to our page about [[whatif|what if?]].  Perhaps the see also sections of the [[Randall Munroe]] page and the [[xkcd]] page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BTW Jeff, our own links to our [[whatif|what if?]] page don't work, because the page name ends with a question mark, which messes up the browser (or maybe the Wiki software).  The link I gave in the previous sentence does work, but when you get to the page and ask for what links here, that fails. ([https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/Special:WhatLinksHere?target=what_if%3F&amp;amp;namespace%3D This, however] does work as an external link.)  Probably need to rename the page to not include a question mark.  But anyway.  [[User:JohnB|JohnB]] ([[User talk:JohnB|talk]]) 16:54, 7 July 2020 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:Every mod has LANCBed (leave and never come back). Nothing can be fixed.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt; — [[User:Sqrt-1|The &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;𝗦𝗾𝗿𝘁-𝟭&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;talk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]] [[Special:Contributions/Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;stalk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; 14:25, 18 January 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::SlashMe is still active, but he doesn't have server access. I think Dgbrt has server access as well, and I left a comment on his talk page in the hopes that he'll reply (but he hasn't been active in a while). [[User:Herobrine|Herobrine]] ([[User talk:Herobrine|talk]]) 02:16, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Sorry guys.  I'm here.  I can take a look at this for you. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:32, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Keep commenting here guys, because this notifies me.  Life is nuts right now so my time is crazy.  Send anything you need done. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 16:40, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::::: Thanks so much Jeff, this is very appreciated!  Re: the &amp;quot;what if&amp;quot; errors, if it's at all helpful:&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: * The &amp;quot;&amp;lt;code&amp;gt;No input file specified&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt;&amp;quot; error seems to happen for pages that end in question marks or have special characters like &amp;quot;é&amp;quot; in their name.  A list of such pages is [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Technical#Known broken pages|here]].&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: * A possible solution is mentioned [[mw:Manual talk:Short URL/Page title -- Windows &amp;amp; Apache without 403 on Special Pages|here]] in the MediaWiki manual talk pages, involving [https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.cgi.force-redirect CGI settings in php.ini] (for IIS) or [https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule mod_rewrite settings in .htaccess] (for Apache).  (Not sure if that's valid, or if there are any security/stability side-effects/consequences of that.)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: * As a workaround in the meantime, [[User:Sqrt-1]] has moved/renamed the &amp;quot;[[what if?]]&amp;quot; page to &amp;quot;[[what if]]&amp;quot; to make it easier to get to.&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: * (If you're interested, there's a whole section about it in the Technical community portal [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Technical#Unable to view &amp;quot;what if?&amp;quot; page|here]].)&lt;br /&gt;
::::: – [[User:Yfmcpxpj|Yfmcpxpj]] ([[User talk:Yfmcpxpj|talk]]) 17:41, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Re: Randall's New York Times columns, just a note that [[User:JohnB]] has created a page for this at [[New York Times: Good Question]].  – [[User:Yfmcpxpj|Yfmcpxpj]] ([[User talk:Yfmcpxpj|talk]]) 17:41, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Main page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You might have accidentally vandalized the main page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;amp;type=revision&amp;amp;diff=205838&amp;amp;oldid=158337&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
--[[Special:Contributions/162.158.238.8|162.158.238.8]] 20:28, 5 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
:That literally made me jump out of my seat. Like, what the hell just happened here?!&amp;lt;span&amp;gt; — [[User:Sqrt-1|The &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;𝗦𝗾𝗿𝘁-𝟭&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;talk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]] [[Special:Contributions/Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;stalk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; 13:12, 8 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::I just realised, the main page has been this way for 3 days?!&amp;lt;span&amp;gt; — [[User:Sqrt-1|The &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;𝗦𝗾𝗿𝘁-𝟭&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;talk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]] [[Special:Contributions/Sqrt-1|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: blue&amp;quot;&amp;gt;stalk&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; 13:12, 8 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::: Reverted.  Whoops, I must have read that one wrong. That's what I get for reading too fast.  --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 14:41, 8 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Two issues that may need to be solved ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Few more issues that may need to be solved:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Google ads are still appearing in random locations on wiki pages. Have you tried the [https://wpadvancedads.com/adsense-in-random-positions-auto-ads/ potential solution] I mentioned earlier? (It seems to be the most plausible explanation for the broken ads, and the time the changes happened was when the ads started appearing in random locations and breaking the pages.) If the previous solution I mentioned above didn't work, would it be possible to turn off the ads until there's a solution? The ads have been running rampant for more than a year in staggering amounts, the generated revenue should be enough to cover server costs until we can figure out a way to fix it, right?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. Another editor mentioned a potential problem regarding the MediaWiki version in the community portal: &lt;br /&gt;
 This wiki is [[Special:Version|currently]] on [[mw:MediaWiki 1.30|MediaWiki 1.30.0]] ([[mw:Release notes/1.30|release notes]]), the first of three releases of a version of MW that reached end-of-life in June of 2019 ([[mw:Version lifecycle]]). It's thus missing multiple important security updates from 1.30.1 and 1.30.2, not to mention the two years' worth of security updates since 1.30.x reached end-of-life. Even 1.31.x will be reaching end-of-life in just over a month. &lt;br /&gt;
 If the sysadmins here update to [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35|MediaWiki 1.35.2]] ([[mw:Release_notes/1.35|release notes]]), that version will be maintained till September of 2023, with only a few security updates in the meantime. I would '''strongly''' encourage y'all to update to 1.35.2; to promptly update if there's a .3, .4, etc.; and to make sure you switch to the next LTS release (which will presumably be 1.39) well in advance of September of '23. (Note that this will also require updating to PHP 7.3.19 or later.) [[User:PinkAmpersand|PinkAmpersand]] ([[User talk:PinkAmpersand|talk]]) 07:17, 30 April 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks! [[User:Herobrine|Herobrine]] ([[User talk:Herobrine|talk]]) 04:54, 10 May 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: Google ads should be reverted to one (or turned off), either way I turned off the annoying &amp;quot;auto ads&amp;quot; that jump all over the place.  Not sure how that got turned on in the first place.  I agree we are way behind on versions.  If you or anyone knows PHP and Mediawiki upgrades better, let me know - because I don't have the time to apply to this currently. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 13:45, 10 May 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== RenameUser extension ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Jeff! Long time no talk :)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[#I am really dumb|A while ago]] I suggested that the [[mw:Extension:RenameUser|RenameUser]] extension could be helpful to have installed in the wiki. Since then I happened to perform a username unification across my online accounts, including changing my Wikipedia username from &amp;quot;Waldir&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;Waldyrious&amp;quot; (thus matching my Twitter, GitHub, etc.). Would you consider installing the extension so that my username (and others, like [[User:.mau,]] above and [[User:Nk1406]] [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Admin requests#Altering Username|here]]) could be changed? --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 12:31, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Lost Account ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, Jeff. I was directed to you by Davidy22 in regards to my issue as it seems you have the ability to view the backend.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I joined this site in 2013 IIRC, I made a few edits/posts and then forgot about the account for a good 9 years. I came back and attempted to login but of course by now I forgot my password and I went through a few computers, browsers, and OSs so it wasn't saved. I've also been through a number of email addresses, most of which are still active and secondary under my current address. I was hoping I could provide you a list of emails I had used around that time and maybe I can regain access to the account that way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My username here is PheagleAdler.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Vandalism ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yo - Not sure if your talk page gets any special alerts, but in case it does: front page has got a good ol' vandal war goin' on. --[[User:SgtLion|SgtLion]] ([[User talk:SgtLion|talk]]) 21:37, 20 July 2022 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
: What do you need?  I'll grant the rights. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 00:44, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
::Another vandal war going on, this time there's a guy going around with IPs putting gore images on everything./ [[User:84596Gamma|84596Gamma]] ([[User talk:84596Gamma|talk]]) 00:48, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== You've got mail ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi Jeff.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I just sent you an email via the &amp;quot;Email this user&amp;quot; function, and I wanted to let you know in case you miss it, or it gets filtered out since I am a new user.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thanks, --[[User:DanielWTQ|DanielWTQ]] ([[User talk:DanielWTQ|talk]]) 19:45, 2 April 2023 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: What do you need?  Let me know.  Sorry didn't get the email. --[[User:Jeff|&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;orange&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Jeff&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;]] ([[User talk:Jeff|talk]]) 00:45, 26 July 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

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				<updated>2023-07-26T00:23:40Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;84596Gamma: Turns out that my prediction was correct. :D&lt;/p&gt;
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		<author><name>84596Gamma</name></author>	</entry>

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