explain xkcd - User contributions [en]

3200: Chemical Formula

2026-02-04T09:19:39Z

KarMann: correction and expansion of helium ratio

{{comic
| number = 3200
| date = January 28, 2026
| title = Chemical Formula
| image = chemical_formula_2x.png
| imagesize = 740x225px
| noexpand = true
| titletext = Some of the atoms in the molecule are very weakly bound.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|This page was created by all of the carbon in the universe. Don't remove this notice too soon.}}
This supposed "{{w|chemical formula}} for the universe" merely lists the numbers of atoms of each element that are [https://ptable.com/#Properties/Abundance/Universe thought to exist] in the observable universe. Usually, chemical formulae imply rather more of a discrete binding together of the atoms involved. They also represent a single {{w|molecule}} of the substance, rather than trying to cover the entire number of atoms in the whole quantity under consideration.

This may be poking some fun at the relative usefulness (or rather, uselessness) of chemical formulas for large organic molecules. While it is a useful concept for teaching people about chemistry and {{w|Chemical equation#Balancing chemical equations|balancing equations}}, and it was useful in the early days of chemistry to try to categorize and learn about molecules via {{w|stoichiometry}} - it does not give much useful information, such as its structure. For example, even the simple formula C11H15NO2 has [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/#query=C11H15NO2&input_type=formula over 300 registered isomers]. Many of them are [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/17517#datasheet=LCSS NOT] {{w|MDMA#Side_effects|good to eat}}. For other purposes, formulae may group the components accordingly, such as {{w|1,1,1-Trichloroethane|CH3CCl3}} (simplifies to C2H3Cl3, as does {{w|1,1,2-Trichloroethane|an isomer}}) or {{w|ammonium carbonate|[NH4]2CO3}} (not usually identified as CH8O3N2, and not strictly an organic compound either).

As is common practice for real compounds that contain organic structures or substructures, the numbers of atoms of carbon and hydrogen are listed before all of the others; the others are listed in alphabetical order. There are estimated to be 1080 atoms of hydrogen (H), by far the most common element in the universe. The next most common element, helium (He), is a long way to the right in the list, and out of view, but would be about a twelfth as many as the hydrogens, or one order of magnitude using the Fermi approximations that pervade the formula.

In reality, there is not a fixed number of atoms of each element across the lifetime of the universe. The matter originally created in the {{w|Big Bang}} was unbound protons and neutrons. In the first few minutes, {{w|Big Bang nucleosynthesis|some of these combined to form lightweight nuclei}}, but most remained as {{w|proton}}s (i.e. the nuclei of hydrogen atoms). Other more complex atoms, up to {{w|atomic mass}} 56, formed later (and are still being formed) as a result of {{w|stellar nucleosynthesis}}. Still more massive nuclei have been and are being formed via {{w|supernova nucleosynthesis}}. Although the proportions of these atoms depend in a complex way on the fusion processes involved, and on the stabilities of those nuclei, the most massive atoms are generally both short-lived and less favored to form, so their elemental abundances in the universe are very small. As shown above, the number of americium (Am) atoms is much smaller than those of any other element in the visible part of the "formula". This indicates that there are slightly fewer atoms of americium in the entire universe than the total number of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen in 1.0 L of liquid water. However, [https://isis-online.org/uploads/isis-reports/documents/np_237_and_americium.pdf considerably more than that amount] (by orders of magnitude) is known to exist on Earth as a result of nuclear energy production, so it may be that the comic is based solely on natural abundances rather than taking human activity (or activity by hypothetical other beings) into account.

The title text is probably referencing {{w|gravity}}, because, for the most part, these atoms would be "held together" only by gravity, and it is a very weak bond indeed.

The numbers of atoms are large, but they are not nameless. Using the {{w|long and short scales}}, these numbers can be described as:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Pos!!Symb!!Name !!Quantity !!Short Scale name !!Long Scale name(s) !!Ranked quantity*
|-
| 1|| C ||Carbon ||data-sort-value="1e76"|1076 ||Ten quattuorvigintillion ||Ten thousand duodecillion Ten duodecilliard ||4
|-
| 2|| H ||Hydrogen ||data-sort-value="1e80"|1080 ||One hundred quinvigintillion ||One hundred tridecilllion ||1
|-
| 3|| Ac ||Actinium ||data-sort-value="1e67"|1067 ||Ten unvigintillion ||Ten undecillion ||data-sort-value="84"|≈84
|-
| 4|| Ag ||Silver ||data-sort-value="1e69"|1069 ||One duovigintillion ||One thousand undecillion One undecilliard ||data-sort-value="68"|≈68
|-
| 5|| Al ||Aluminium Aluminum||data-sort-value="1e75"|1075 ||One quattuorvigintillion ||One thousand duodecillion One duodecilliard ||14
|-
| 6|| Am ||Americium ||data-sort-value="1e26"|1026 ||One hundred septillion ||One hundred quadrillion ||data-sort-value="84"|≈84
|-
| 7|| Ar ||Argon ||data-sort-value="1e75"|1075 ||One quattuorvigintillion ||One thousand duodecillion One duodecilliard ||11
|-
| 8|| As ||Arsenic ||data-sort-value="1e70"|1070 ||Ten duovigintillion ||Ten thousand undecillion Ten undecilliard ||data-sort-value="40"|≈40
|-
| 9|| At ||Astatine ||data-sort-value="1e47"|1047 ||One hundred quattuordecillion||One hundred thousand septillion One hundred septilliard ||data-sort-value="84"|≈84
|-
| 10|| Au ||Gold ||data-sort-value="1e69"|1069 ||One duovigintillion ||One thousand undecillion One undecilliard ||data-sort-value="68"|≈68
|-
| 11|| B ||Boron ||data-sort-value="1e71"|1071 ||One hundred duovigintillion ||One hundred thousand undecillion One hundred undecilliard||data-sort-value="61"|≈61
|-
| 12|| Ba ||Barium ||data-sort-value="1e70"|1070 ||Ten duovigintillion ||Ten thousand undecillion Ten undecilliard ||data-sort-value="33"|≈33
|-
| 13|| Be ||Beryllium ||data-sort-value="1e71"|1071*||One hundred duovigintillion ||One hundred thousand undecillion One hundred undecilliard||data-sort-value="61"|≈61
|-
|data-sort-value="43"|43*||He||Helium||data-sort-value="3e79"|1079*||Ten quinvigintillion ||Ten tridecilllion ||2
|-
|data-sort-value="73"|73*||O ||Oxygen||data-sort-value="1e78"|1078*||One quinvigintillion ||One tridecilllion ||3
|}
:<nowiki>*</nowiki> - Information not provided by the comic; Source for ranked data, in particular, does not ''entirely'' agree with the quantities that are given in the comic.

The formula as it appears in the comic is truncated. The complete formula of the universe in this style (but arranged in decreasing order of abundance after carbon, which also happens to place hydrogen immediately after) would be
C₁₀⁷⁷ H₁₀⁸⁰
He₁₀⁷⁹
O₁₀⁷⁸
Ne₁₀⁷⁶ N₁₀⁷⁶ Fe₁₀⁷⁶ S₁₀⁷⁶
Mg₁₀⁷⁵ Si₁₀⁷⁵ Ar₁₀⁷⁵ Ni₁₀⁷⁵ Ca₁₀⁷⁵ Al₁₀⁷⁵ Na₁₀⁷⁵ Cr₁₀⁷⁵
Ti₁₀⁷⁴ Mn₁₀⁷⁴ P₁₀⁷⁴ K₁₀⁷⁴ V₁₀⁷⁴ Cl₁₀⁷⁴ Co₁₀⁷⁴
F₁₀⁷³ Zn₁₀⁷³ Ge₁₀⁷³
As₁₀⁷² Br₁₀⁷² Li₁₀⁷² Sc₁₀⁷² Cu₁₀⁷² Ga₁₀⁷² Se₁₀⁷² Kr₁₀⁷² Rb₁₀⁷² Sr₁₀⁷² Zr₁₀⁷² Te₁₀⁷² Xe₁₀⁷² Ba₁₀⁷² Ce₁₀⁷² Pb₁₀⁷²
B₁₀⁷¹ Be₁₀⁷¹ Y₁₀⁷¹ Nb₁₀⁷¹ Mo₁₀⁷¹ Ru₁₀⁷¹ Pd₁₀⁷¹ Cd₁₀⁷¹ Sn₁₀⁷¹ I₁₀⁷¹ La₁₀⁷¹ Pr₁₀⁷¹ Nd₁₀⁷² Sm₁₀⁷¹ Gd₁₀⁷¹ Dy₁₀⁷¹ Er₁₀⁷¹ Yb₁₀⁷¹ Os₁₀⁷¹ Ir₁₀⁷¹ Pt₁₀⁷¹ Hg₁₀⁷¹
Rh₁₀⁷⁰ Ag₁₀⁷⁰ In₁₀⁷⁰ Sb₁₀⁷⁰ Cs₁₀⁷⁰ Eu₁₀⁷⁰ Tb₁₀⁷⁰ Ho₁₀⁷⁰ Tm₁₀⁷⁰ Lu₁₀⁷⁰ Hf₁₀⁷⁰ Ta₁₀⁷⁰ W₁₀⁷⁰ Re₁₀⁷⁰ Au₁₀⁷⁰ Tl₁₀⁷⁰ Bi₁₀⁷⁰ Th₁₀⁷⁰ U₁₀⁷⁰
Tc₁₀⁰ Pm₁₀⁰ Po₁₀⁰ At₁₀⁰ Rn₁₀⁰ Fr₁₀⁰ Ra₁₀⁰ Ac₁₀⁰ Pa₁₀⁰ Np₁₀⁰ Pu₁₀⁰ Am₁₀⁰ Cm₁₀⁰ Bk₁₀⁰ Cf₁₀⁰ Es₁₀⁰ Fm₁₀⁰ Md₁₀⁰ No₁₀⁰ Lr₁₀⁰ Rf₁₀⁰ Db₁₀⁰ Sg₁₀⁰ Bh₁₀⁰ Hs₁₀⁰ Mt₁₀⁰ Ds₁₀⁰ Rg₁₀⁰ Cn₁₀⁰ Nh₁₀⁰ Fl₁₀⁰ Mc₁₀⁰ Lv₁₀⁰ Ts₁₀⁰ Og₁₀⁰ according to some broad stroke estimates of abundance.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Don't remove this notice too soon.}}
:[A long panel with a chemical formula trailing off the right side halfway through the last symbol]
:C1076 H1080 Ac1067 Ag1069 Al1075 Am1026 Ar1075 As1070 At1047 Au1069 B1071 Ba1070 Be
:[Caption below the panel:] The approximate chemical formula for the universe

{{comic discussion}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Cosmology]]

3193: Sailing Rigs

2026-01-15T11:24:49Z

KarMann: /* The Rigs */ See 859

{{comic
| number = 3193
| date = January 12, 2026
| title = Sailing Rigs
| image = sailing_rigs_2x.png
| imagesize = 508x822px
| noexpand = true
| titletext = I wanted to make the world's fastest yawl, so I made the aft sail bigger, but apparently that means it's not a yawl anymore! It's a real ketch-22.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|This page was created by the birds flying in my kite. Don't remove this notice too soon.}}
This comic shows the side profiles of a variety of different sailing boat/ship rigs, starting with six real ones, but then moving mostly into ones imagined by [[Randall]], with varying levels of absurdity. The [[#The Rigs|table below]] explains each type depicted.

The title text is a pun on {{w|Catch-22 (logic)|Catch-22}}, a term taken from the {{w|Catch-22|novel of the same name}} for a situation where success is impossible because it requires meeting self-contradictory conditions. For example, the novel introduces the term for a pilot who requests mental evaluation for insanity, hoping to be found not sane enough to fly and thereby escape dangerous missions, but who demonstrates his own sanity by creating the request and thus cannot be declared insane. Per the main panel, a ketch is similar to a yawl but has a larger aft sail, so increasing the aft sail of a yawl effectively turns the yawl into a ketch, effectively making it impossible to build a faster yawl. (This is not technically true, as the distinction between a {{w|yawl}} and {{w|ketch}} is based on whether the aft sail is mounted forward or aft of the rudder post, although a yawl with a large aft sail [https://www.woodenboatstore.com/products/hand-reef-and-steer-2nd-edition would probably be difficult to control.])

==The Rigs==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Type
!Image
!Real?
!Description 
!Explanation 
|-
|{{w|Lateen}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Lateen.png|x75px]]
|{{Yes}}
|A single triangular sail.
|The triangular sail is affixed to a long yard or crossbar, mounted at its middle to the top of the mast and angled to extend aft far above the mast and forward down nearly to the deck. The sail, its free corner secured near the stern, is capable of taking the wind on either side, and, by enabling the vessel to tack into the wind, the [https://www.britannica.com/technology/lateen-sail lateen] immensely increases the potential of the sailing ship. 
|-
|{{W|Bermuda rig|Bermuda rigged sloop}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Bermuda.png|x86px]]
|{{Yes}}
|A front and rear triangular sail share a mast.
|A {{w|sloop}} has one mast, typically with two sails mounted on the mast — one ahead and one behind.
|-
|{{w|Ketch}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Ketch.png|x101px]]
|{{Yes}}
|A sailboat with two masts, where the main mast is taller than the mizzen (or aft mast), and the mizzen is forward of the rudder post
|Similar to a yawl (below), but with the mizzen (aft) mast mounted forward of the rudder post and its sail typically larger.
|-
|{{w|Gaff rig|Gaff rigged sloop}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Gaff Sloop.png|x87px]]
|{{Yes}}
|A front triangular sail shares a mast with a rear quadrilateral sail.
|A sloop is a sailboat with one mast, typically with two sails mounted on it — one ahead and one behind. A [https://nauticalknowhow.mysailingcourse.com/glossary/gaff-rig/ gaff rig] is a sailing rig where one sail is four-sided and controlled by a spar (the gaff) at its top, which is hoisted at an angle to the mast.
|-
|{{w|Yawl}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Yawl.png|x100px]]
|{{Yes}}
|Two triangular sails share a front mast, and a much smaller aft mast holds a small aft sail.
|A yawl is sailboat with two masts, where the main mast has two sails (one in front of the mast and one behind, known as {{w|Fore-and-aft rig|fore-and-aft rigging}}), and the mizzen (aft) mast is mounted aft of the rudder post, leading the mizzen sail to typically be small. Similar to a ketch.
|-
|{{w|Schooner}}
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Schooner.png|x102px]]
|{{Yes}}
|A sailboat with two or more masts, where all have {{w|Fore-and-aft rig|fore-and-aft rigging}}, and where the foremast is typically smaller than the main mast
|-
|Ketch-rigged gaff
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Ketch Gaff.png|x98px]]
|{{No}}
|Resembles a gaff, with the aft sail reduced and two triangular sails mounted above. The resulting shape resembles a vertical ketch.
|The first fictional rig. It might be capable of functioning like a sloop, but its rigging would be more complicated and it is likely less efficient at catching the wind.
|-
|Kloop-rigged sketch
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Kloop.png|x100px]]
|{{No}}
|Four or five sails mounted in a nonsensical configuration, with elements from the schooner, ketch, and gaff
| A mixture of the names of {{w|ketch}} and {{w|sloop}}, poking fun at the unfamiliar and odd-sounding names of some rigs. Adding to the absurdity, the kloop-rigged sketch is neither a sloop nor a ketch. However it is technically a {{w|Sketch (drawing)|sketch}}, as "sketch" can mean "drawing"
|-
|Bunkbed rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 100% more boat.png|x118px]]
|{{No}}
|A gaff-rigged sloop mounted on top of a second hull.
|The name refers to a {{w|bunkbed}}, where one bed is mounted directly above another. Bunk-style sleeping arrangements are sometimes used on boats for reasons of space efficiency. It applies this idea to the whole ship, mounting one hull directly above another. While {{w|Multihull|boats with multiple hulls}} do exist, these are commonly mounted side-by-side to guarantee stability. Mounting one hull above another, however, is a design aspect used in the '{{w|small-waterplane-area twin hull}}' concept, usually ''along with'' side-by-side multihulling. It's possible that this 'bunk hulled' design normally floats with the upper hull astride the water-level, though needing a greater depth of water for the 'keel hull', but that {{w|hydrofoil|at speed}} (and/or by carefully pumping ballast water out of the two hulls, and increasing overall buoyancy) it can rise up to present only the thin connectors to the sea surface. Though the stability of such a system, in an otherwise singular bunk-hull, would seem to be a problem when running with any amount of side-wind, {{w|Foilboard|in principle}} it seems more than managable with the right design and use.
Notably, this ship's ''rigging'' is mundane; the connection between hulls seems to be structural. It may be more accurate to refer to it as a bunkbed ''hull''.
|-
|Flettner rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Flettner.png|x94px]]
|{{Yes}}, though not typically called a rig
|The rectangular outline of a cylinder with motion lines around it, indicating a {{w|Flettner rotor}}
|A Flettner rotor is a right circular cylinder with disc end plates which is spun along its long axis. As air passes across it the {{w|Magnus effect}} causes an aerodynamic lift force to be generated in the direction perpendicular to both the long axis and the direction of airflow. In a {{w|rotor ship}}, the rotors stand vertically and lift is generated at right angles to the wind, to drive the ship forwards.

Flettner rotors were previously mentioned in [[3119]]
|-
|Oops, all spinnakers
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Spinnakers.png|x78px]]
|{{No}}
|Three masts each with a sail billowing in front
|A {{w|spinnaker}} is a real type of sail, where a boat is propelled by a large sail directly pulled by the wind, similar in principle to a parachute. However, "Oops, all spinnakers" is not real, as spinnakers are only practical for smaller craft, and if multiple spinnakers are mounted in a row the earlier ones may disrupt the airflow to the later ones. It does not appear that there are any real boats propelled by more than one spinnaker.
The name of the rig is a reference to the {{w|Cap'n Crunch}} cereal type that became a meme, [https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/oops-all-berries-box-parodies ''Oops! All Berries''], which has also been referenced in [[2256]] and [[2719]].
|-
|Keel rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Keel.png|x98px]]
|{{No}}
|Three sails in a ketch arrangement, but mounted to the keel, which would typically put the ''sails underwater''.
|The book {{w|Heaven (Stewart and Cohen novel)|''Heaven''}}, by Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen, features an aquatic protagonist who is introduced as sailing a surface craft with underwater 'sails' (and above-water 'keel'), due to the switched nature of his usual environment.
|-
|Kite rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Kite.png|x109px]]
|{{Maybe|Kind of}}
|All sails are replaced by two groups of kites, each tied to the mast with their own independent line.
|A {{w|kite rig}} is a real thing, where a kite is deployed from a boat or ship to catch the wind and pull the vessel along. This rigging is used in various types of vessel, most commonly {{w|kite surfing}}, but occasionally other vessels too, up to [https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/30/travel/airseas-giant-kites-ships-slash-carbon-emissions-scn-climate-spc trials with cargo ships].
However, the real kite riggings typically use one large kite optimised for catching the wind, rather than many small kites optimised for flying (as depicted) which would likely get tangled and not pull much on the ship.
|-
|Longsail rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Longsail.png|x93px]]
|{{Maybe|Kind of}}
|A Bermuda rigged sloop with the aft sail extending ~5 times as far back, well beyond the end of the hull.
|While not technically impossible, such a long sail would likely be susceptible to damage from the wind, as well as potentially making it hard to control the boat.
This is reminiscent of the Sandbagger sloops of the mid- to late-1800s. The foresail was on a very long bowsprit and the boom extended past the stern by up to the length of the boat.

This design could be a reference to "{{w|Cargo bike#Longtail bicycle|long-tail bikes}}", a type of cargo bicycle useful for hauling heavy or voluminous charges at the cost of higher weight and reduced maneuverability.
|-
|Deckhand obliterator
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Deckhand Obliterator.png|x86px]]
|{{No}}
|All sails replaced by an anchor that swings from the mast on a chain.
|Any deckhands (crew) on the deck could be knocked off or fatally hurt if the anchor passes through their space and collides with them. While most captains would consider this counterproductive, it might be effective at its stated purpose.
There is a risk that the anchor might damage the mast in a collision or get wrapped around it. It would most likely be of little use as propulsion.
|-
|Offset rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Offset.png|x108px]]
|{{No}}
|Gaff rigged sloop sails are mounted on a mast that is offset (forward) from the hull via an underwater extension of the keel.
|The extreme mechanical advantage of the sail, potentially combined with the uneven weight, would make this rigging hard if not impossible to control. 
There are in fact [https://junkrigassociation.org/technical_forum/470838 sail configurations] called [https://www.boatdesign.net/threads/gaffs-balanced-lugs-hoyt-offset-rig-etc.53504/ offset rigs] but they aren't like the one shown here.
|-
|Mastless rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Mastless.png|x59px]]
|{{Maybe|Kind of}}
|A single sail is attached directly to the hull of the boat, without any mast to give it form.
|As depicted, the sail would provide little to no useful propulsion, as it would not be high enough to effectively catch the wind, and would, in any case, flap unpredictably.
However, ships do exist without masts, such as ships not powered by wind or, more rarely, inflatable sails (e.g. [http://inflatedwingsails.com/en/concept/ this concept]), which use air, rather than a mast, for rigidity. While not intentional, it is conceivable that the drawing depicts an inflatable sail in its deflated state.
|-
|Unclassifiable chaos rig
|style="text-align:center;"|[[File:3193 Unclassifiable Chaos.png|x86px]]
|{{Maybe|Arguably}}
|Includes elements of the schooner, yawl, lateen, and possibly others, including a sail mounted in an unusual position beneath the prow.
|While this specific rig is almost certainly fictional, there are many ways to rig a ship, some of which are chaotic and difficult to classify.
|}

==Transcript==
:[The comic shows five rows of silhouettes of different sail boats as seen from the side. In total 18 different boats are shown, three rows with four each and three in each of the two bottom rows. Each boat has a different sailing rig. All boats are oriented to the left of the comic, and beneath each boat there is a label. At the top of the panel there is a large heading:]
:<big>Common Sailing Rigs</big>

:[Here follows a list of the 18 boats with a description and then their label:]

:[A single triangular sail.]
:Lateen

:[A front and rear triangular sail share a mast.]
:Bermuda rigged sloop

:[Two triangular sails as above, with an additional triangular sail on a second rear mast.]
:Ketch

:[Front triangular sail shares mast with rear quadrilateral sail.]
:Gaff rigged sloop

:[Two triangular sails share front mast and a much smaller aft mast holds a small aft.]
:Yawl

:[Two triangular front sails share forward mast with quadrilateral center sail. An aft mast supports a quadrilateral aft sail.]
:Schooner

:[Resembles a gaff, with the aft sail reduced and two triangular sails mounted above. The resulting shape resembles a vertical ketch.]
:Ketch-rigged gaff

:[Includes elements of ketch and sloop.]
:Kloop-rigged sketch

:[A gaff-rigged sloop is mounted on top of a second hull.]
:Bunkbed rig

:[The rectangular outline of a cylinder with motion lines around it.]
:Flettner rig

:[Three masts each with a sail only attached to the top.]
:Oops, all spinnakers

:[Three sails in a ketch arrangement, but mounted to the keel.]
:Keel rig

:[All sails are replaced by two groups of kites, each tied to the mast with an independent line.]
:Kite rig

:[Bermuda rigged sloop with the aft sail extending ~5 times as far back, well beyond the end of the hull.]
:Longsail rig

:[All sails replaced by an anchor that swings around the mast on a chain, similar to tetherball.]
:Deckhand obliterator

:[Gaff rigged sloop sails are mounted on a mast that is offset (forward) from the hull via an underwater extension of the keel.]
:Offset rig

:[A single sail is attached where the mast would normally be mounted, flapping around freely.]
:Mastless rig

:[Includes elements of the schooner, yawl, lateen, and possibly others.]
:Unclassifiable chaos rig

{{comic discussion}}<noinclude>

[[Category:Sailboats]]
[[Category:Kites]]
[[Category:Puns]]

3181: Jumping Frog Radius

2025-12-17T13:02:00Z

KarMann: drawing is on other left

{{comic
| number = 3181
| date = December 15, 2025
| title = Jumping Frog Radius
| image = jumping_frog_radius_2x.png
| imagesize = 339x243px
| noexpand = true
| titletext = Earth's r_jf is approximately 1.5 light-days, leading to general relativity's successful prediction that all the frogs in the Solar System should be found collected on the surface of the Earth.
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|This page was created by an A frog stuck on mars. I have added a bit about the drawing. It is important I think that the planet with the frog has exactly the rjf radius. This means the frog cannot escape but just barely. Is there a physics relation behind the fact that the jumps height seems to be very close to the radius of the planet, i.e. rjf? Also Can someone calculate the size and mass of the largest object from which a champion frog can achieve escape velocity? Are there some named asteroids that are of sow low a mass that it would be possible for frog to jump of? (Of course there are some small enough... but do any of them have real names, like the one named after Randall)? Don't remove this notice too soon.}}
The {{w|Schwarzschild radius}} is essentially the size of a {{w|black hole}} -- the maximum distance from the center where gravity is so strong that light can't escape. It is part of a solution to {{w|Einstein's field equations}}. It is usually calculated as
:''r''s = (2*''G*M'') / ''c''2
where ''G'' is the {{w|gravitational constant}}, ''M'' is the mass of the object, and ''c'' is the {{w|speed of light}}.
If ''M'' were the mass of the {{w|Earth}}, it would give the Schwarzschild radius for the Earth, which is about 9 mm. (If all of Earth's mass were compressed into a sphere of a bit less than 2 cm in diameter, it would become a black hole.)

The comic suggests a more useful radius: the ''Jumping Frog radius'' ''r''jf, which is the size of a "planet" such that its gravity keeps a champion {{w|Frog jumping contest|jumping frog}} from being able to achieve {{w|escape velocity}}. Thus [[Randall]] has instead of ''c'', the 299,792,458 m/s speed of light, used a much smaller value of 4.5 m/s, to represent the maximum speed of a jumping frog. It is possible that Randall got that value from [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5661154_Explosive_Jumping_Extreme_Morphological_and_Physiological_Specializations_of_Australian_Rocket_Frogs_Litoria_nasuta this paper], which on page 179 puts an upper limit on the maximum velocity of adult Australian {{w|striped rocket frog}}s at 4.52 m/s. (The frog is shown making a "ribbit" sound, which is made by {{w|Pacific tree frog}}s and their relatives in North America and not by rocket frogs, but it's [https://www.imdb.com/list/ls052470723/ widely attributed to frogs all over the world].)

The drawing to the right of the formula shows a planet with exactly the radius ''r''jf. Thus the frog can jump really high compared to the planet's size (in this case about as high as the planet's radius), before it unavoidably falls back down, since the small planet is just massive enough to prevent the frog escaping.

The title text points out that the ''r''jf of the Earth is about 1.5 light days, which is about 7 times the distance to {{w|Pluto}} (compare to the 9 mm Schwarzschild radius). Since Earth's radius is much smaller than this, no frogs will be able to escape, so all frogs that stray into Earth's gravitational well would collect here on Earth. As far as we know, all the frogs in the Solar System are on Earth{{Citation needed}}, so the data apparently matches the theory. However, the reasoning is incorrect, as many other astronomical bodies in our solar system also have ''r''jf greater than their physical radius. If a frog were to be on any of those other bodies, it wouldn't be able to jump away to fall to Earth. A flawed argument neither supports nor refutes the conclusion, although it is true as far as we know that all frogs in the solar system do live on Earth.

==Transcript==
:[The panel shows a large formula to the left and a small drawing to the right. The formula's right side is drawn above and below the division line:]
:''r''jf = 2''GM'' / (4.5 m/s)2

:[The drawing to the right shows a very small planet with the radius indicated with a labeled dotted arrow pointing from the center straight up to the edge of the planet. A frog is shown jumping on the surface. This is indicated with a parabolic dotted line going from a frog sitting on the surface near the top of the planet, up to the frog shown soaring through the air with its limbs stretched out about as high above the surface as the planet's radius. At this point the frog is making a sound. Then the dotted line goes down to about a quarter of the way around the planet where the frog lands making a noise, with lines around the frog representing the impact.]
:Arrow label: ''r''jf
:Frog: Ribbit
:Landing: Plop

:[Caption below the panel:]
:More practically useful than the Schwarzschild radius, the '''''Jumping Frog Radius''''' is the radius at which an object's gravitational pull is so strong that even a champion jumping frog can't escape.

{{comic discussion}}<noinclude>
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Animals]]

Talk:3166: Big and Little Spoons

2025-11-11T11:27:25Z

KarMann: add another related outside reference

A spoon the size of a couch [[User:King Pando|King Pando]] ([[User talk:King Pando|talk]]) 03:16, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

Panel four evoked a genuine out-loud laugh when most of the time I usually only get chuckles. Still my favorite comic that's not about hornyness. [[Special:Contributions/2603:800C:1200:596A:642C:F071:BB63:22A9|2603:800C:1200:596A:642C:F071:BB63:22A9]] 03:53, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

Should there be a sentence about how sets of measuring spoons are designed to nest?
[[Special:Contributions/138.229.156.169|138.229.156.169]] 04:51, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

What's with the Royal We in the last panel?--[[User:Coconut Galaxy|Coconut Galaxy]] ([[User talk:Coconut Galaxy|talk]]) 08:31, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
* I believe it refers to the 'some brave truth-tellers', a set of which Cueball believes he is a member. --[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:23, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

Randall isn't the first webcomic creator to use this idea: [https://www.threepanelsoul.com/comic/who-stacks-irregular-spoons-anyway] [[Special:Contributions/88.85.135.155|88.85.135.155]] 08:53, 11 November 2025 (UTC)
* A similar take on it was addressed in another medium in ''Mallrats''. That was more about the arm problem than the relative sizes, though. --[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:27, 11 November 2025 (UTC)

Talk:3166: Big and Little Spoons

2025-11-11T11:23:55Z

KarMann: ExplainRoyalWe

Talk:2676: Historical Dates

2022-09-24T08:35:49Z

KarMann: on a personal Note

Source for the Excel/Lotus 123 relation with Dec 30th, 1899: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/office/en-US/f1eef5fe-ef5e-4ab6-9d92-0998d3fa6e14/what-is-story-behind-december-30-1899-as-base-date?forum=accessdev
[[User:Victor|Victor]] ([[User talk:Victor|talk]]) 08:14, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

I feel this one. My birthday happens to be within 24 hours of [[1179: ISO 8601|1970-01-01]], so I keep getting caught off guard for a moment whenever I see my birthday showing up in one of these contexts. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 08:35, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

Talk:2632: Greatest Scientist

2022-06-14T10:23:58Z

KarMann: fm & shadow reply

If anyone knows how to get this to work with the bar at the top, please do it! [[User:SqueakSquawk4|SqueakSquawk4]] ([[User talk:SqueakSquawk4|talk]]) 18:32, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
:[[User:SqueakSquawk4]] for everything to display correctly I think you need to follow the steps here: [[User:DgbrtBOT#When_the_BOT_fails...]] [[User:Ahiijny|Ahiijny]] ([[User talk:Ahiijny|talk]]) 18:43, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
::A) Following them now. B) Bookmarked. [[User:SqueakSquawk4|SqueakSquawk4]] ([[User talk:SqueakSquawk4|talk]]) 18:45, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
:::Should be fixed now. [[User:Natg19|Natg19]] ([[User talk:Natg19|talk]]) 18:49, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

Saying Viviani already proved that the acceleration due to gravity on an object is independent of mass runs into a snag: Viviani suggest that it was Galileo who showed him that. So whether Galileo actually dropped any balls from the Tower of Pisa or was even the first to assert the principle in writing, he seems to be the driving force behind Vivian's proofs of it. Dismissing Galileo here is wrong. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.70.159|172.69.70.159]] 21:53, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

Thunderbolts and lightning, very, very frightening me. Galileo, Galileo, Galileo, Galileo, Galileo, Figaro.... [[Special:Contributions/162.158.159.41|162.158.159.41]] 23:22, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

He did this before in 1531, where he combines several principles into a single comic. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.245.31|108.162.245.31]] 23:39, 13 June 2022 (UTC)

== Pavlov was inhumane ==

Pavlov did a lot more than just ring some bells. For example (Trigger warning for dog lovers), he drained them of stomach acid until they were dead for profit alone, and sewed dogs heads onto each other. I think this should be acknowledges. I have put this in the main article, but it has been removes. I've tried re-phrasing, and want to know how well that will stick.

What do you think should happen. I think it is important to acknowledge, but at the same time it is not directly relevant to the comic.

Please discuss. [[User:SqueakSquawk4|SqueakSquawk4]] ([[User talk:SqueakSquawk4|talk]]) 23:16, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
:It was I who removed the first phrasing, and as it is written now I think it's good. Perhaps a trivia section would be appropriate for it, as someone else mentioned, and I saw no problem with having a link in the previous version. [[User:While False|While False]] ([[User talk:While False|speak]]) 09:19, 14 June 2022 (UTC)
Seems most appropriate for a Trivia section and not the main article. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.211.52|172.70.211.52]]

== Two Petri dishes ==

The title text says that "''One'' of the petri dishes" fell (emphasis added). Is that an obscure reference to the {{w|Twin paradox}}? [[Special:Contributions/141.101.69.212|141.101.69.212]] 08:05, 14 June 2022 (UTC)

:Proposed new text:

{| class="wikitable"
| (Title text) One of the petri dishes fell and one did not || The {{w|Twin paradox}} thought experiment: ... || See {{1432}} || {{w|Albert Einstein}}
|}

:[[Special:Contributions/162.158.22.175|162.158.22.175]] 08:13, 14 June 2022 (UTC)

== Height shadow ==
I'm not sure which scientist (or probably ancient philosophy) it might be referencing, but I get the direct impression that the ''first'' shadow in the spiel (which KarlMann just removed the row for, and I agree that that it was redundant to the latter shadow, insofar as it was written) is directly referencing the principle of using a [https://geometryhelp.net/similar-triangles-calculating-height-tall-objects-using-shadow/ shadow to calculate height], as indicated by the illustration, as opposed to the 'shadow to calculate radius' of the latter one. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.90.227|172.70.90.227]] 10:19, 14 June 2022 (UTC)
: I think you're right, and I may have been a bit hasty. But also, I don't know of any association of that shadow measurement with Eratosthenes. I'd guess that it well pre-dates him (pun not intended). But I have no idea who might have done it first, or whether their name may have been lost to the mists of history, much less any citation to back myself up on this. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 10:23, 14 June 2022 (UTC)

2632: Greatest Scientist

2022-06-14T10:06:31Z

KarMann: /* Table of Experiments */ rm redundant Eratosthenes row

{{comic
| number = 2632
| date = June 13, 2022
| title = Greatest Scientist
| image = Greatest Scientist.png
| titletext = "Ow! One of the petri dishes I left on the tower railing fell and hit me on the head. Hey, that gives me an idea..."
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by HISTORY'S WURST SCIENTIST - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This comic takes the feats of six of history's most acclaimed scientists and combines them into one fictional act, claiming that this person was the greatest scientist in history. Pulling off a combination of all of these would, indeed, be rather impressive.{{Citation needed}}

These scientists are most likely {{w|Galileo Galilei}}, {{w|Benjamin Franklin}}, {{w|Alexander Fleming}}, {{w|Ivan Pavlov}}, {{w|Eratosthenes}}, and {{w|Isaac Newton}}.

The ground is noticeably curved in this comic, as the curvature of Earth is mentioned and measured, thus requiring curvature.

Humorously combining multiple science experiments into one was also a punchline in [[1584: Moments of Inspiration]]. Curved floors to represent Earths curvature were mentioned in [[2412: 1/100,000th Scale World]]

==Table of Experiments==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of experiments in the comic
|-
! Experiment in comic !! Experiment in reality !! Meaning !! Scientist
|-
| the Leaning Tower of Pisa || {{w|Galileo}} conducted [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment an experiment] at the Leaning Tower of Pisa to measure whether the rate at which objects fall is dependent on weight or is constant. || Galileo found that objects with different weights fall at the same rate, disproving Aristotle's statement which purported the opposite. However, {{w|Viviani}} had already discovered this. Galileo's experiment further developed experimentation in science, in opposition to the then-prevailing view that knowledge is learned by studying the writings of the ancients.|| {{w|Galileo Galilei}}
|-
|Flying a kite into a thunderstorm with lightning || In June 1752, Benjamin Franklin performed his famous {{w|kite experiment}} in which he attached a conductive wire to a kite and flew it near a thunderstorm. Attached to the kite was a key, which was further attached to a {{w|Leyden jar}}. || While the kite was not hit by lightning, "Franklin did notice that loose threads of the kite string were repelling each other and deduced that the Leyden jar was being charged." This is sometimes considered the discovery of the fact that lightning contains/is electricity. || {{w|Benjamin Franklin}}
|-
| Two moldy petri dishes || In August 1928, Alexander Fleming put ''Staphylococcus aureus'' into multiple petri dishes and then left to go on holiday/vacation. On September 3, he returned and found that one plate had mould on it. This plate was the only one that did not have ''S. aureus'' bacteria in it. He later repeated this experiment and {{w|History_of_penicillin#The_breakthrough_discovery|the result was confirmed}}. || The mould that Fleming had discovered produced penicillin, an antibiotic. This was the first time that a substance had been discovered that could ''reliably'' treat bacterial infections, having a huge impact on medicine across the world. || {{w|Alexander Fleming}}
|-
| Salivating dog located next to a bell || [https://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html In 1902 Ivan Pavlov conducted a study on dog reflexes] by giving dogs food and simultaneously ringing a bell. When the dog smelled and saw the food, it started salivating. Eventually, simply ringing the bell made the dog salivate, as the dog had associated the bell ringing with food. Pavlov also performed other, less humane experiments on other dogs. || This was the discovery of {{w|classical conditioning}}, where a stimulus is paired with an unrelated other thing through repeated exposure. The subject will eventually react to the unrelated thing in the absence of the stimulus. This is an example of taught reflexes, where a subconsious reaction like a reflex or instinct is taught. || {{W|Ivan Pavlov}}
|-
| The shadow angle of the dog determining the circumference of the Earth || |In the 200s BCE, the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes {{w|Earth's_circumference#Eratosthenes|measured the circumference of the Earth}}. While his exact method has been lost to time, a simplified version remains: At high noon on the summer solstice in Syene, Egypt, the sun was almost directly overhead. This was confirmed with a sundial. 5,000 stadia away in Alexandria, at the same time, the angle of the sun was measured with another sundial and converted into a fraction of the Earth's circumference. Some simple multiplication could then yield the circumference of the Earth. || The distance Eratosthenes calculated for the circumference of Earth was 250,000 stadia. This estimate was either 2.4% low or 0.8% high compared to modern knowledge, depending on whether he used Greek or Egyptian stadia - a remarkably accurate estimate for the time. || {{w|Eratosthenes}}
|-
| (Title text) A petri dish falling on the scientist's head, leading to a new discovery || Sir Isaac Newton, an inventor of calculus and discoverer of his famous {{w|Newton's laws of motion|Laws of Motion}}, also described how {{w|gravity}} works. The story goes that in 1726 while in contemplation in his garden, {{w|Isaac_Newton#Apple_incident|Newton saw an apple fall}}, and it did not as usually depicted hit him in the head (as referenced in the title text). Rather than ignoring it, he wondered what ''exactly'' caused the apple to fall and why it fell straight down. This led him to investigate gravity, eventually publishing ''{{w|Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica}}'', or simply the ''Principia''. || Newton went on to contemplate gravity, deducing the {{w|Law of Universal Gravitation}} - which includes that the same force that caused the apple to fall also caused celestial bodies to orbit as they do. || Sir {{w|Isaac Newton}}
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript |Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[On the left of the panel, there are some buildings and trees representing Pisa, Italy. One of these buildings is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Below the tower are some mathematical symbols and angles, marking its shadow as L1. Attached to the top of the tower, there is a kite string. The kite is in the top right, next to a thunderstorm. Falling from the kite are two disks which fall onto a bell underneath. The bell goes "Ding! Ding!" Next to the bell is a dog. There are more lines and mathematical symbols coming off the dog, marking its shadow as L2. The ground is noticeably curved.]

:[Caption below the panel:]
:History's greatest scientist was probably that one who measured the shadow of the Leaning Tower of Pisa while flying a kite into a distant thunderstorm where lightning caused two moldy Petri dishes to fall onto a bell next to a salivating dog whose shadow angle determined the circumference of the Earth.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category: Science]]

2601: Instructions/Audio Transcript

2022-04-03T13:46:50Z

KarMann: slight typos or misheard

Below, you will find a '''complete audio transcript''' for the audio file played in comic [[2601: Instructions]].
This transcript is adapted from the [https://github.com/theinternetftw/xkcd2601 transcription project], where a [https://github.com/theinternetftw/xkcd2601/blob/99beb57be4c4b50346064af578f3de5a2eab49f0/xkcd.lgo runnable version of this transcript] is available.

: And here we want to show you that you can program a picture right along with us. We’ll use a single color, some unorthodox functions, and each line we’ll put a bit of nature’s masterpieces right here on our canvas. Today we’ll have them run all the functions across the stream, right now, that you need to program along with us. Starting with a simple one:

<pre>
TO DIST :X0 :Y0 :X1 :Y1
LOCALMAKE "RX DIFFERENCE :X1 :X0
LOCALMAKE "RY DIFFERENCE :Y1 :Y0
OUTPUT SQRT SUM PRODUCT :RX :RX PRODUCT :RY :RY
END
</pre>

: There we go! Just like that.

<pre>
TO LERP :A :B :T
OUTPUT SUM :A PRODUCT :T DIFFERENCE :B :A
END
</pre>

: One more done. No pressure.

<pre>
TO MIX :A :B
OUTPUT LERP :A :B 0.5
END
</pre>

: Really makes our programming life easier.

<pre>
TO CUBIC :X1 :Y1 :X2 :Y2 :EX :EY
LOCALMAKE "X0 XCOR
LOCALMAKE "Y0 YCOR
LOCALMAKE "ERRX1 LERP :X0 :EX 0.25
LOCALMAKE "ERRY1 LERP :Y0 :EY 0.25
LOCALMAKE "ERRX2 LERP :X0 :EX 0.75
LOCALMAKE "ERRY2 LERP :Y0 :EY 0.75
IFELSE OR LESSP :PIXERROR DIST :ERRX1 :ERRY1 :X1 :Y1 LESSP :PIXERROR DIST :ERRX2 :ERRY2 :X2 :Y2 [
LOCALMAKE "QX0 MIX :X0 :X1
LOCALMAKE "QY0 MIX :Y0 :Y1
LOCALMAKE "QX1 MIX :X1 :X2
LOCALMAKE "QY1 MIX :Y1 :Y2
LOCALMAKE "QX2 MIX :X2 :EX
LOCALMAKE "QY2 MIX :Y2 :EY
LOCALMAKE "LX0 MIX :QX0 :QX1
LOCALMAKE "LY0 MIX :QY0 :QY1
LOCALMAKE "LX1 MIX :QX1 :QX2
LOCALMAKE "LY1 MIX :QY1 :QY2
LOCALMAKE "PMX MIX :LX0 :LX1
LOCALMAKE "PMY MIX :LY0 :LY1
CUBIC :QX0 :QY0 :LX0 :LY0 :PMX :PMY
CUBIC :LX1 :LY1 :QX2 :QY2 :EX :EY
] [
SETXY :EX :EY
]
END
</pre>

: I think there’s a programmer hidden at the bottom of every single one of us.

<pre>
MAKE "PIXERROR 0.5
</pre>

: Let me show you what is going on up here.

<pre>
CLEARSCREEN
WINDOW
PENUP
SETXY -473 391
</pre>

: I’ve just covered the entire canvas with just a bit of white.

<pre>
PENDOWN
</pre>

: We start with a vision in our hearts and we put it on canvas.

<pre>
CUBIC -469 424 -458 416 -456 389
PENUP

SETXY -471 400
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 14
PENUP

SETXY -443 412
PENDOWN
CUBIC -443 405 -443 397 -444 390
PENUP

SETXY -442 400
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 84
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -431 409
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 403 -432 397 -431 390
PENUP

SETXY -427 392
PENDOWN
CUBIC -422 419 -415 416 -412 391
PENUP

SETXY -426 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC -422 400 -418 401 -414 401
PENUP

SETXY -409 410
PENDOWN
CUBIC -408 404 -408 398 -408 391
PENUP

SETXY -409 409
PENDOWN
CUBIC -395 421 -390 396 -408 403
PENUP

SETXY -393 410
PENDOWN
CUBIC -392 405 -392 399 -392 393
PENUP

SETXY -393 411
PENDOWN
CUBIC -380 419 -377 400 -392 402
PENUP

SETXY -372 391
PENDOWN
CUBIC -371 402 -374 400 -377 408
PENUP

SETXY -372 400
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 37
FORWARD 13
PENUP

SETXY -471 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC -471 366 -480 357 -460 361
PENUP

SETXY -457 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -457 372 -457 366 -457 360
PENUP

SETXY -448 379
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 19
PENUP
</pre>

: Merriam-Webster defines a turtle as:
:: Noun. Any of an order (Testudines synonym Chelonia) of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles that have a toothless horny beak and a shell of bony dermal plates usually covered with horny shields enclosing the trunk and into which the head, limbs, and tail usually may be withdrawn.

<pre>
SETXY -454 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC -449 379 -444 380 -440 380
PENUP

SETXY -434 379
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 16
PENUP

SETXY -439 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC -434 379 -430 380 -425 380
PENUP

SETXY -425 377
PENDOWN
CUBIC -424 367 -431 356 -415 360
PENUP

SETXY -400 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC -404 379 -413 382 -412 376
CUBIC -410 360 -416 356 -400 360
PENUP

SETXY -412 368
PENDOWN
CUBIC -409 369 -406 370 -403 370
PENUP

SETXY -376 380
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 178
FORWARD 21
PENUP

SETXY -383 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC -379 379 -374 380 -369 381
PENUP

SETXY -366 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -365 372 -366 366 -366 360
PENUP

SETXY -366 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -353 384 -349 375 -363 371
CUBIC -358 372 -356 365 -353 361
PENUP

SETXY -338 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -341 378 -351 381 -350 376
CUBIC -348 359 -355 358 -336 361
PENUP

SETXY -350 370
PENDOWN
CUBIC -347 370 -344 370 -341 370
PENUP

SETXY -320 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -338 381 -331 375 -333 362
CUBIC -332 358 -323 362 -320 361
PENUP

SETXY -332 370
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 89
FORWARD 7
SETHEADING -79
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -474 336
PENDOWN
CUBIC -473 329 -473 322 -474 316
PENUP

SETXY -473 327
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 85
FORWARD 11
PENUP

SETXY -461 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC -461 331 -461 323 -460 316
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some interesting notes from “Interesting Facts About Turtles”, a little nature study by a scientist, Forest and Stream, January 1916.
:: Over a great many years, I have taken a great interest in the land turtle. I have at the present time a number, some of which I have had for at least 17 years. To most people, they are ugly and repulsive, as the head, when fully protruded and extended, looks like a snake, and furthermore, their clumsy method of progression does not add anything attractive.

<pre>
SETXY -453 335
PENDOWN
CUBIC -460 331 -456 312 -447 319
CUBIC -442 324 -444 339 -453 335
PENUP

SETXY -439 335
PENDOWN
CUBIC -439 329 -441 322 -439 316
CUBIC -437 315 -433 316 -430 316
PENUP

SETXY -426 315
PENDOWN
CUBIC -412 316 -408 339 -427 336
CUBIC -426 329 -426 322 -427 315
PENUP

SETXY -409 336
PENDOWN
CUBIC -409 330 -409 323 -409 316
PENUP

SETXY -405 316
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -1
FORWARD 19
CUBIC -400 329 -397 322 -394 316
SETHEADING 4
FORWARD 20
PENUP

SETXY -381 325
PENDOWN
CUBIC -379 325 -377 325 -375 325
CUBIC -373 322 -375 319 -377 318
CUBIC -393 311 -390 343 -375 334
PENUP

SETXY -359 335
PENDOWN
CUBIC -366 307 -340 310 -348 336
PENUP

SETXY -342 315
PENDOWN
CUBIC -341 321 -343 329 -342 335
CUBIC -326 342 -322 324 -342 325
PENUP

SETXY -319 315
PENDOWN
CUBIC -315 344 -305 337 -303 313
PENUP

SETXY -317 324
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 12
PENUP

SETXY -473 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -473 296 -473 289 -473 282
PENUP

SETXY -473 292
PENDOWN
CUBIC -469 292 -465 293 -461 293
PENUP

SETXY -460 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -461 297 -462 290 -461 284
PENUP

SETXY -456 285
PENDOWN
CUBIC -453 312 -445 306 -441 284
PENUP

SETXY -455 292
PENDOWN
CUBIC -451 293 -447 294 -443 293
SETHEADING -7
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -438 302
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 17
PENUP

SETXY -439 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -425 311 -422 288 -438 293
PENUP
</pre>

:: One of the interesting points about turtles is their great variety of foods. They are, as a rule, good scavengers, eating all kinds of decomposing and putrifying materials. Beef or in fact any meat is eaten. I have seen them eat the flesh of birds and of moles, and, while earthworms are relished by them, any worm or grub is taken. Worms from shell barks and ordinary maggots are gotten rid of in a hurry. Blackberries, mayapples, cherries and mulberries, tomatoes, cucumbers.
:: And one vegetable eagerly eaten by my stock is green sugarcorn, either raw or cooked. In the spring, when they first come out of the soil and food is not plentiful in their pen, I have bought canned corn, and they certainly have made it disappear very quickly. Beetles and tumblebugs, potato bugs, either in larval or mature forms, are destroyed. Toadstools, especially the large flat pink ones, white and yellow ones, are eaten, while I have seen them pass a black toadstool by several days unnoticed.

<pre>
SETXY -423 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -424 296 -424 289 -424 282
PENUP

SETXY -423 294
PENDOWN
CUBIC -409 292 -406 308 -423 303
PENUP

SETXY -409 302
PENDOWN
CUBIC -404 296 -402 292 -403 284
PENUP

SETXY -403 294
PENDOWN
CUBIC -400 298 -397 301 -393 305
PENUP

SETXY -381 304
</pre>

: Here we have a happy little—

<pre>
PENDOWN
</pre>

: —statement. That’s it. And then,

<pre>
SETHEADING -177
FORWARD 19
SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -367 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -367 297 -368 291 -368 285
PENUP

SETXY -363 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -359 304 -355 305 -351 305
PENUP

SETXY -357 304
PENDOWN
CUBIC -358 299 -358 291 -358 286
PENUP

SETXY -351 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -346 303 -341 304 -336 305
PENUP

SETXY -344 304
PENDOWN
CUBIC -345 297 -345 291 -346 284
PENUP

SETXY -333 304
PENDOWN
CUBIC -334 293 -343 281 -324 286
PENUP

SETXY -308 305
PENDOWN
CUBIC -312 305 -317 304 -321 304
CUBIC -321 298 -320 291 -321 285
CUBIC -316 285 -312 285 -307 285
PENUP

SETXY -321 294
PENDOWN
CUBIC -318 295 -315 295 -312 295
PENUP

SETXY -473 273
PENDOWN
CUBIC -472 267 -470 241 -464 260
CUBIC -463 257 -462 254 -461 252
CUBIC -457 258 -455 265 -454 272
PENUP

SETXY -448 270
PENDOWN
CUBIC -450 265 -451 260 -449 256
CUBIC -442 246 -435 261 -439 267
CUBIC -440 272 -446 275 -448 270
PENUP

SETXY -433 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 259 -432 266 -432 273
CUBIC -420 276 -416 262 -431 264
CUBIC -425 263 -421 258 -420 253
PENUP

SETXY -413 273
PENDOWN
CUBIC -413 252 -421 252 -403 253
PENUP

SETXY -399 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC -381 256 -376 275 -399 273
CUBIC -399 267 -399 259 -399 253
PENUP
</pre>

:: Occasionally, when a female drops an egg on the ground, it is quickly eaten by the others. Ordinary hens’ eggs are eaten and at great relish. Enjoyed hugely by them is thick sour milk. I have placed a quantity of this milk in two or three places in the pen, and in five minutes it is surrounded by the turtles, just like flies on a lump of sugar. The scraping of limburger cheese have also been eaten.

<pre>
SETXY -423 354
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -430 242
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 211 -427 177 -407 151
PENUP

SETXY -237 -103
PENDOWN
CUBIC -222 -67 -195 -8 -221 27
CUBIC -222 37 -221 35 -228 42
CUBIC -230 45 -228 49 -230 52
CUBIC -232 54 -235 55 -235 58
CUBIC -235 66 -234 75 -244 74
CUBIC -252 90 -255 76 -266 85
CUBIC -270 87 -273 83 -277 83
CUBIC -282 84 -287 84 -292 81
CUBIC -295 80 -297 82 -300 83
CUBIC -303 83 -306 80 -310 80
CUBIC -322 84 -327 74 -337 81
CUBIC -342 80 -342 74 -350 78
CUBIC -356 80 -362 75 -368 75
CUBIC -372 75 -375 77 -379 76
CUBIC -385 72 -391 76 -397 72
CUBIC -403 70 -409 69 -408 61
CUBIC -415 50 -409 53 -411 46
CUBIC -415 40 -411 32 -416 26
CUBIC -419 19 -415 11 -420 4
CUBIC -422 -8 -416 -4 -422 -18
CUBIC -422 -21 -420 -23 -419 -25
CUBIC -418 -32 -424 -31 -417 -39
CUBIC -416 -45 -420 -46 -415 -52
CUBIC -414 -55 -416 -57 -415 -60
CUBIC -415 -62 -414 -63 -412 -64
CUBIC -411 -65 -411 -68 -410 -69
CUBIC -407 -68 -406 -71 -404 -72
CUBIC -402 -72 -400 -72 -398 -73
CUBIC -393 -79 -395 -75 -389 -77
CUBIC -387 -83 -386 -79 -381 -80
CUBIC -380 -81 -380 -81 -379 -82
CUBIC -377 -84 -373 -81 -372 -83
CUBIC -371 -89 -367 -86 -363 -87
CUBIC -359 -89 -362 -95 -357 -95
CUBIC -356 -96 -355 -95 -354 -96
CUBIC -353 -100 -353 -104 -350 -106
CUBIC -348 -107 -347 -109 -345 -108
CUBIC -344 -107 -340 -108 -341 -106
CUBIC -346 -105 -340 -100 -342 -98
CUBIC -343 -96 -346 -93 -342 -91
CUBIC -337 -88 -343 -80 -340 -76
CUBIC -335 -75 -339 -64 -332 -68
CUBIC -328 -56 -328 -69 -321 -66
CUBIC -310 -59 -313 -68 -306 -64
CUBIC -303 -62 -301 -64 -299 -66
CUBIC -297 -66 -294 -63 -292 -65
CUBIC -289 -69 -282 -62 -280 -68
CUBIC -275 -73 -268 -61 -262 -68
CUBIC -258 -68 -255 -63 -252 -69
CUBIC -245 -63 -246 -69 -247 -75
CUBIC -247 -78 -241 -75 -245 -83
CUBIC -248 -88 -239 -85 -242 -93
CUBIC -242 -97 -236 -94 -238 -100
CUBIC -238 -101 -238 -103 -237 -103
PENUP
</pre>

:: A piece of butter which had upon a platter in the icebox for months was placed before them, and this was eaten in due time. Crabapples and cantelope are enjoyed by them, but watermelon is not so eagerly gobbled up like the cantelope. I was surprised one morning when I found one of the large turtles had caught and disembowled a very large toad which I had in the yard. I have seen turtles eating at 11 o’clock at night, when, one would think, they would be resting.

<pre>
SETXY -227 -80
PENDOWN
CUBIC -222 -84 -229 -88 -227 -92
CUBIC -226 -97 -229 -98 -230 -102
CUBIC -229 -111 -232 -108 -236 -115
CUBIC -239 -122 -245 -124 -247 -133
CUBIC -249 -136 -252 -137 -253 -141
CUBIC -253 -143 -255 -143 -257 -144
CUBIC -259 -145 -259 -148 -262 -148
CUBIC -269 -150 -264 -153 -275 -155
CUBIC -279 -159 -284 -157 -289 -160
CUBIC -290 -161 -292 -160 -293 -160
CUBIC -295 -160 -296 -158 -298 -158
CUBIC -307 -165 -305 -151 -313 -158
CUBIC -318 -163 -320 -153 -325 -153
CUBIC -335 -157 -333 -147 -338 -143
CUBIC -341 -143 -346 -145 -346 -140
CUBIC -348 -128 -351 -135 -356 -132
CUBIC -357 -130 -356 -125 -359 -124
CUBIC -361 -124 -363 -126 -365 -125
CUBIC -367 -123 -365 -114 -371 -114
CUBIC -372 -115 -374 -116 -375 -114
CUBIC -376 -112 -375 -105 -379 -106
CUBIC -388 -108 -384 -105 -388 -100
CUBIC -389 -99 -390 -99 -390 -100
CUBIC -397 -102 -393 -93 -398 -93
CUBIC -407 -90 -408 -81 -417 -79
CUBIC -419 -78 -417 -74 -419 -73
CUBIC -425 -70 -430 -72 -431 -64
CUBIC -436 -60 -441 -56 -444 -49
CUBIC -445 -47 -448 -47 -450 -46
CUBIC -458 -42 -450 -34 -463 -30
CUBIC -471 -27 -466 -17 -471 -12
CUBIC -483 -6 -472 7 -477 16
CUBIC -482 25 -471 29 -475 38
CUBIC -480 50 -467 53 -469 63
CUBIC -470 65 -470 68 -469 70
CUBIC -465 74 -458 76 -460 83
CUBIC -460 88 -455 90 -453 94
CUBIC -451 97 -449 100 -447 102
CUBIC -445 105 -446 109 -443 111
CUBIC -436 113 -435 122 -426 124
CUBIC -420 135 -420 128 -414 133
CUBIC -413 138 -412 137 -407 136
CUBIC -402 137 -403 143 -395 140
CUBIC -389 142 -384 144 -378 143
CUBIC -376 143 -374 145 -372 147
CUBIC -367 147 -365 142 -360 148
CUBIC -354 146 -353 145 -348 149
CUBIC -336 149 -324 153 -312 153
CUBIC -310 153 -307 155 -305 155
CUBIC -300 155 -295 155 -290 157
CUBIC -285 154 -281 154 -276 154
CUBIC -270 147 -271 150 -263 149
CUBIC -256 143 -246 142 -240 134
CUBIC -238 133 -235 135 -233 133
CUBIC -230 129 -226 126 -221 125
CUBIC -220 120 -217 116 -212 114
CUBIC -214 105 -206 105 -205 99
CUBIC -209 91 -197 93 -201 81
CUBIC -200 76 -196 71 -199 65
CUBIC -194 61 -197 56 -195 51
CUBIC -194 49 -195 48 -196 46
CUBIC -197 39 -195 34 -197 27
CUBIC -191 13 -200 17 -195 5
CUBIC -195 -1 -195 -8 -196 -14
CUBIC -197 -19 -194 -26 -199 -29
CUBIC -200 -33 -198 -38 -200 -42
CUBIC -203 -48 -206 -59 -214 -59
CUBIC -220 -59 -215 -67 -222 -67
</pre>

: Here, you have the power to do anything you want.

<pre>
SETHEADING 58
FORWARD 0
PENUP
</pre>

:: They prefer the shade, and at certain times during the day, if the sun is very hot, they retreat under the logs which I have for a shelter. During rain, they are very active, and move about with heads and necks outstretched, enjoying the shower bath hugely, and evidently on the outlook for worms, just as some birds, after or during a shower. The youngest of turtles I have ever had seems to take to the same food as the adults.

<pre>
SETXY -325 -154
PENDOWN
CUBIC -347 -211 -373 -268 -390 -327
CUBIC -395 -325 -395 -335 -393 -331
PENUP

SETXY -435 -371
PENDOWN
CUBIC -415 -351 -393 -330 -373 -310
CUBIC -372 -311 -372 -313 -370 -314
CUBIC -390 -335 -411 -356 -431 -377
CUBIC -432 -376 -436 -373 -435 -371
PENUP

SETXY -437 -375
PENDOWN
CUBIC -443 -374 -446 -383 -445 -387
CUBIC -442 -394 -439 -401 -442 -408
CUBIC -440 -402 -433 -398 -433 -391
CUBIC -433 -387 -434 -383 -432 -379
PENUP

SETXY -438 -379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -443 -384 -438 -392 -439 -398
PENUP

SETXY -382 -561
PENDOWN
CUBIC -356 -480 -341 -396 -312 -317
CUBIC -272 -397 -245 -482 -213 -566
PENUP

SETXY -312 -318
PENDOWN
CUBIC -310 -264 -309 -210 -310 -157
PENUP

SETXY -289 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -282 -183 -274 -206 -267 -229
CUBIC -266 -233 -262 -233 -259 -234
PENUP

SETXY -244 -141
PENDOWN
CUBIC -241 -200 -239 -209 -274 -259
CUBIC -312 -353 -191 -386 -134 -275
CUBIC -35 -135 -232 -42 -244 -141
PENUP

SETXY -220 -136
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 -128 -206 -121 -197 -115
CUBIC -197 -116 -197 -117 -198 -118
CUBIC -204 -126 -211 -135 -217 -143
CUBIC -208 -136 -200 -125 -190 -121
CUBIC -197 -129 -204 -138 -210 -147
SETHEADING 48
FORWARD 33
CUBIC -190 -133 -198 -138 -202 -147
CUBIC -196 -143 -191 -139 -186 -134
PENUP
</pre>

:: As a rule, they emerge in April. Sometimes that middle of the month, but as early as April 6th, they made their appearance. If the weather does not stay warm, they again go back to their retreats. Mating commences almost within a day or two after their emergence. The males are quite persistent in their lovemaking, biting at the female, etc. And on two occasions, I have seen the scale removed from the shell of the female and blood ooze from these surfaces.

<pre>
SETXY -175 -150
PENDOWN
CUBIC -178 -153 -181 -157 -184 -161
CUBIC -177 -156 -170 -151 -162 -146
CUBIC -169 -156 -182 -163 -188 -174
CUBIC -177 -164 -166 -154 -154 -147
CUBIC -163 -156 -172 -166 -179 -177
CUBIC -172 -170 -165 -163 -157 -157
CUBIC -160 -163 -168 -168 -168 -174
CUBIC -165 -172 -163 -170 -160 -167
PENUP

SETXY -166 -208
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 -203 -155 -199 -149 -197
CUBIC -154 -203 -161 -210 -167 -216
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 38
CUBIC -149 -208 -163 -220 -177 -234
CUBIC -164 -223 -151 -214 -137 -205
SETHEADING -130
FORWARD 34
SETHEADING 62
FORWARD 20
CUBIC -147 -220 -149 -223 -151 -224
CUBIC -149 -223 -146 -221 -144 -220
PENUP

SETXY -186 -278
PENDOWN
CUBIC -178 -271 -170 -265 -161 -260
CUBIC -166 -272 -180 -279 -189 -289
CUBIC -179 -281 -169 -274 -159 -267
CUBIC -166 -278 -180 -284 -186 -295
CUBIC -179 -289 -170 -283 -162 -278
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 24
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 15
PENUP
</pre>

: I made friends with a turtle yesterday and he gave me his phone number. I asked is that a landline? He said no it’s my shell phone.

<pre>
SETXY -234 -301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -239 -304 -244 -309 -248 -314
CUBIC -240 -309 -232 -304 -224 -300
SETHEADING -131
FORWARD 33
SETHEADING 60
FORWARD 37
CUBIC -227 -310 -237 -317 -246 -326
CUBIC -237 -321 -229 -316 -220 -312
CUBIC -226 -316 -233 -321 -237 -328
CUBIC -232 -325 -227 -323 -222 -320
PENUP

SETXY -280 -317
PENDOWN
CUBIC -278 -339 -277 -361 -277 -384
PENUP

SETXY -280 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC -277 -451 -278 -500 -280 -548
CUBIC -263 -547 -246 -547 -229 -549
PENUP

SETXY -212 -547
PENDOWN
CUBIC 57 -552 326 -555 595 -548
CUBIC 584 -208 600 134 592 474
CUBIC 300 470 8 471 -284 476
CUBIC -270 375 -284 271 -285 169
PENUP
</pre>

:: It is interesting to see the males fight among themselves. They raise themselves as high as possible, and lunge and bite and snap at each other. In getting away from his opponent, the beaten one will beat a hasty retreat, and retract his front feet or back feet as occasion demands and glide, not run, away. Running away is slow as compared to this turtle propulsion. It is not a slide, it is really a darting, forward glide. Just recently I saw one male maltreating another in which the second fellow had all parts retracted and was being snapped at, pushed, and actually rolled over on his back by his opponent.

<pre>
SETXY -181 15
PENDOWN
CUBIC -180 8 -180 1 -180 -6
CUBIC -174 -5 -169 -5 -164 -5
CUBIC -166 2 -166 9 -165 16
CUBIC -170 15 -176 14 -181 15
PENUP

SETXY -179 -19
PENDOWN
CUBIC -177 -19 -176 -19 -174 -20
SETHEADING 9
FORWARD 13
CUBIC -172 -8 -176 -7 -177 -7
CUBIC -178 -7 -178 -17 -179 -19
PENUP

SETXY -171 -7
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 -11 -168 -15 -168 -20
CUBIC -166 -19 -164 -19 -162 -19
CUBIC -168 -6 -162 -6 -171 -7
PENUP

SETXY -158 4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -157 6 -156 7 -155 8
CUBIC -157 10 -160 12 -163 14
CUBIC -167 10 -161 8 -158 4
PENUP

SETXY -189 4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -190 3 -189 3 -189 3
CUBIC -188 2 -187 1 -187 -0
CUBIC -185 3 -182 5 -180 8
CUBIC -180 8 -181 10 -181 11
CUBIC -183 12 -188 5 -189 4
PENUP

SETXY -164 17
PENDOWN
CUBIC -164 22 -164 26 -163 30
SETHEADING -83
FORWARD 15
CUBIC -178 27 -179 23 -179 18
CUBIC -176 18 -168 18 -164 17
PENUP

SETXY -172 28
PENDOWN
CUBIC -172 28 -173 28 -174 28
CUBIC -173 27 -174 25 -174 24
CUBIC -172 25 -171 25 -169 24
CUBIC -169 27 -168 28 -172 28
PENUP

SETXY -163 28
PENDOWN
CUBIC -168 28 -166 28 -167 24
CUBIC -166 24 -165 24 -164 24
PENUP

SETXY -165 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC -167 22 -170 22 -173 22
CUBIC -173 21 -173 20 -173 19
CUBIC -170 19 -167 19 -164 18
PENUP

SETXY -171 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC -171 21 -171 20 -171 19
PENUP

SETXY -168 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 21 -169 20 -169 19
PENUP

SETXY -166 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC -166 21 -166 20 -166 19
PENUP

SETXY -181 36
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -9
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -176 48 -175 41 -182 40
PENUP

SETXY -174 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC -176 43 -176 39 -174 38
CUBIC -169 37 -169 48 -174 45
PENUP

SETXY -169 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 40 -165 38 -164 41
CUBIC -161 45 -167 49 -169 43
PENUP

SETXY -161 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 42 -162 44 -162 46
CUBIC -158 50 -155 44 -161 43
CUBIC -158 43 -157 42 -156 40
PENUP

SETXY -154 46
PENDOWN
CUBIC -152 47 -149 47 -147 48
PENUP

SETXY -150 47
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 45 -150 43 -150 41
PENUP

SETXY -147 46
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 178
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY -147 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC -146 45 -145 45 -144 45
PENUP

SETXY -143 49
PENDOWN
CUBIC -144 46 -144 44 -143 41
PENUP

SETXY -141 49
PENDOWN
CUBIC -141 46 -141 44 -141 42
PENUP

SETXY -139 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC -139 44 -139 46 -139 48
SETHEADING 143
FORWARD 7
CUBIC -135 45 -135 47 -135 49
PENUP

SETXY -131 46
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 47 -129 47 -129 47
CUBIC -128 42 -134 43 -133 47
CUBIC -133 49 -131 51 -129 49
PENUP

SETXY -125 51
PENDOWN
CUBIC -126 49 -125 47 -125 46
PENUP

SETXY -125 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC -125 43 -126 43 -126 43
CUBIC -126 43 -125 43 -125 43
PENUP

SETXY -153 35
PENDOWN
CUBIC -153 33 -153 31 -152 29
PENUP

SETXY -156 34
PENDOWN
CUBIC -154 35 -153 35 -152 36
PENUP

SETXY -155 28
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 74
FORWARD 5
PENUP
</pre>

:: Occasionally one can see a turtle dragging another one along, the first one having the second fellows hind leg between his shell. This has probably been the result of a scuffle. I have never known a land turtle to bite, but have often seen them open their mouths wide and hiss or draw in their breath with a hissing or sighing sound.

<pre>
SETXY -149 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC -149 37 -149 36 -150 36
PENUP

SETXY -148 36
PENDOWN
CUBIC -147 33 -150 30 -145 31
PENUP

SETXY -143 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC -143 35 -143 33 -143 31
CUBIC -142 31 -141 32 -139 32
PENUP

SETXY -137 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -137 36 -137 34 -137 32
PENUP

SETXY -134 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -134 36 -134 34 -134 32
PENUP

SETXY -137 35
PENDOWN
CUBIC -136 35 -135 35 -134 35
PENUP

SETXY -129 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 37 -131 37 -133 37
SETHEADING 174
FORWARD 6
CUBIC -131 32 -130 32 -128 32
PENUP

SETXY -132 35
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 78
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY -126 38
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 6
CUBIC -125 32 -124 33 -123 33
PENUP

SETXY -121 32
PENDOWN
CUBIC -121 34 -122 36 -122 38
CUBIC -118 39 -117 35 -121 35
PENUP

SETXY -144 29
PENDOWN
CUBIC -145 27 -144 24 -142 23
PENUP

SETXY -165 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -165 36 -165 34 -166 33
PENUP

SETXY -157 -17
PENDOWN
CUBIC -153 -17 -149 -16 -145 -16
CUBIC -146 -11 -147 -6 -149 -0
CUBIC -145 -2 -141 -2 -137 -3
CUBIC -137 -8 -137 -13 -138 -18
PENUP

SETXY -149 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 5 -144 10 -139 12
PENUP

SETXY -127 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC -137 31 -144 14 -135 9
CUBIC -125 3 -116 22 -127 26
PENUP

SETXY -139 13
PENDOWN
CUBIC -138 9 -137 5 -135 2
CUBIC -133 -2 -129 -3 -128 -7
PENUP

SETXY -139 12
PENDOWN
CUBIC -135 7 -131 -1 -124 -3
PENUP

SETXY -122 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC -129 -4 -127 -9 -129 -10
CUBIC -126 -14 -117 -9 -119 -4
CUBIC -123 -4 -127 -7 -129 -11
PENUP

SETXY -122 -4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -122 -2 -123 0 -120 1
CUBIC -120 -0 -120 -2 -120 -4
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some people have turtles in their cellars believing that they catch rats and mice. I tried keeping some of mine in the cellar for two seasons in the wintertime. They kept up a constant walk exactly like a caged beast. I gave them meat, vegetables and water, but on no occasion did they take the proffered food. In the spring, I found several of them dead. I believe that these turtles died because they were exhausted from wandering around and around during their time of hibernation. I also believe that this unnatural hibernation led them to refuse all food.

<pre>
SETXY -120 -2
PENDOWN
CUBIC -120 -1 -118 -1 -118 -1
CUBIC -118 -0 -118 0 -117 0
CUBIC -115 0 -115 -1 -116 -3
CUBIC -117 -3 -119 -3 -119 -4
PENUP

SETXY -117 -2
PENDOWN
CUBIC -117 -2 -117 -2 -117 -2
PENUP

SETXY -128 -7
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 -7 -131 -6 -132 -8
CUBIC -132 -9 -130 -9 -129 -9
CUBIC -130 -10 -132 -11 -132 -12
CUBIC -131 -12 -130 -11 -129 -11
PENUP

SETXY -125 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC -126 -14 -127 -14 -127 -14
CUBIC -125 -14 -123 -14 -120 -15
CUBIC -124 -15 -128 -16 -132 -16
CUBIC -129 -17 -125 -16 -122 -16
CUBIC -123 -16 -125 -17 -126 -17
PENUP

SETXY -18 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -19 1 -22 1 -24 2
PENUP

SETXY -14 0
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 3 -17 6 -20 7
PENUP

SETXY -9 1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -10 5 -9 9 -7 12
PENUP

SETXY -6 1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 4 -4 6 -3 8
PENUP

SETXY -24 53
PENDOWN
CUBIC -25 55 -27 55 -29 56
PENUP
</pre>

:: Regarding the catching of rats and mice in cellars, I believe that rats and mice might be kept away by the noise made by the turtle making its endless march around the cellar. I doubt whether a turtle could catch a rat or a mouse.

<pre>
SETXY -20 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -21 57 -23 59 -25 61
PENUP

SETXY -17 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -17 58 -17 63 -14 66
PENUP

SETXY -14 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -13 57 -11 59 -8 59
PENUP

SETXY -33 86
PENDOWN
CUBIC -34 93 -35 100 -35 107
CUBIC -29 107 -22 107 -16 108
CUBIC -21 113 -25 119 -29 125
CUBIC -25 124 -22 124 -18 124
CUBIC -22 128 -27 133 -31 138
CUBIC -27 137 -24 136 -21 136
CUBIC -25 140 -28 144 -30 149
CUBIC -28 148 -25 147 -22 147
CUBIC -26 151 -30 156 -33 161
CUBIC -31 161 -28 161 -26 161
CUBIC -30 165 -34 170 -37 176
CUBIC -38 169 -41 163 -46 158
CUBIC -44 159 -41 159 -38 160
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 19
SETHEADING 77
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -44 142 -48 137 -52 132
CUBIC -49 133 -46 133 -44 134
CUBIC -48 129 -52 124 -57 119
CUBIC -53 119 -49 120 -44 120
CUBIC -49 115 -54 110 -59 105
CUBIC -53 105 -47 105 -41 106
CUBIC -42 103 -43 90 -43 87
CUBIC -40 86 -36 87 -33 86
PENUP
</pre>

:: In my yard, I had a galvanized iron pin, 3 feet in length by 2 feet in width by 3 inches in depth for water. In this the turtles would enjoy themselves drinking from the edge with heads submerged or with the entire body submerged for sometimes as long as several hours, and even for a whole day. Even in the country where I now have the herd, I have a small dish in which they can just get in and they certainly appreciate a bath.

<pre>
SETXY 39 69
PENDOWN
CUBIC 43 69 47 70 52 70
CUBIC 50 76 49 83 48 89
CUBIC 54 88 60 87 66 87
CUBIC 61 91 58 96 56 102
CUBIC 59 101 62 100 65 99
CUBIC 60 105 56 112 53 119
CUBIC 55 119 58 118 61 118
CUBIC 57 125 53 131 50 138
CUBIC 52 137 54 136 57 135
CUBIC 51 141 47 148 45 156
CUBIC 45 147 41 139 37 131
CUBIC 39 132 42 133 44 134
CUBIC 41 128 38 123 34 117
SETHEADING 82
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 39 112 35 107 30 103
SETHEADING 83
FORWARD 8
CUBIC 34 97 30 92 25 87
CUBIC 43 86 43 95 39 69
PENUP

SETXY 117 97
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 13
FORWARD 20
CUBIC 124 110 126 103 128 97
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some interesting things in 10 facts about marine turtles from the WWF UK?
:: There are seven species of marine turtle. Marine turtles were around more than 100 million years ago and lived alongside dinosaurs. These days, scientists recognize seven species of marine turtle, the hawksbill, the loggerhead, the leatherback, the olive Ridley, the green, the flat back and the Kemps Ridley.

<pre>
SETXY 121 114
PENDOWN
CUBIC 121 119 121 123 120 127
PENUP

SETXY 113 136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 128 124 124 128 131
CUBIC 133 144 116 152 113 136
PENUP

SETXY 125 143
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 132 113 142 118 128
PENUP

SETXY 112 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 108 141 105 136 106 132
CUBIC 107 128 112 125 112 120
CUBIC 112 125 112 129 113 134
PENUP

SETXY 120 126
PENDOWN
CUBIC 117 122 115 117 114 112
PENUP

SETXY 121 126
PENDOWN
CUBIC 129 126 131 126 136 133
PENUP

SETXY 136 125
PENDOWN
CUBIC 136 125 135 136 137 134
CUBIC 135 127 136 147 136 149
PENUP

SETXY 137 148
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 166 156 174 134 147
SETHEADING 9
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 189 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 189 88 188 89 187 90
PENUP

SETXY 192 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 192 90 191 92 189 94
PENUP

SETXY 195 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 195 90 194 95 197 97
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles do not have teeth. They use their beak like mouth to grasp their food. This beak is made of keratin, the same stuff your fingernails are made of.

<pre>
SETXY 198 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 198 89 199 91 202 92
PENUP

SETXY 185 67
PENDOWN
CUBIC 177 65 175 57 168 53
CUBIC 183 44 182 49 198 51
CUBIC 202 52 195 59 194 61
CUBIC 192 63 188 64 185 66
CUBIC 182 60 180 54 180 46
PENUP

SETXY 159 91
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 95 166 90 167 87
CUBIC 163 86 151 84 159 91
PENUP

SETXY 233 85
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 91 243 93 245 85
CUBIC 241 85 236 85 233 85
PENUP

SETXY 109 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 109 22 108 24 107 24
PENUP

SETXY 114 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC 114 25 113 28 112 31
PENUP

SETXY 118 20
PENDOWN
CUBIC 118 24 119 28 122 31
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtle shells are made of over 50 bones fused together. So they are literally wearing their bones on the outside. They also have light spongy bones that help them float.

<pre>
SETXY 122 19
PENDOWN
CUBIC 123 21 124 24 126 24
PENUP

SETXY 45 23
PENDOWN
CUBIC 42 21 41 16 38 13
CUBIC 41 12 42 8 45 7
CUBIC 47 8 49 7 51 6
CUBIC 54 5 57 8 59 6
CUBIC 62 8 64 10 66 11
CUBIC 66 19 52 34 45 23
PENUP

SETXY 43 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 50 16 53 20 54 8
PENUP

SETXY 51 18
PENDOWN
CUBIC 51 21 56 22 57 26
PENUP

SETXY 229 -42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -42 233 -41 236 -41
PENUP

SETXY 240 -39
PENDOWN
CUBIC 242 -39 244 -38 245 -38
PENUP

SETXY 249 -37
PENDOWN
CUBIC 251 -36 252 -36 254 -36
PENUP

SETXY 257 -32
PENDOWN
CUBIC 258 -31 259 -30 260 -28
PENUP

SETXY 263 -25
PENDOWN
CUBIC 264 -23 265 -22 266 -21
PENUP

SETXY 269 -18
PENDOWN
CUBIC 269 -17 270 -16 271 -15
PENUP

SETXY 259 -37
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 104
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 269 -40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 271 -41 272 -41 274 -42
PENUP

SETXY 278 -42
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 97
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 287 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC 289 -45 290 -45 291 -45
PENUP

SETXY 211 -10
PENDOWN
CUBIC 213 -9 216 -8 218 -8
PENUP
</pre>

:: Their young lives are a mystery. The first few years of a marine turtle’s life are known as the lost years. That’s because the time between when the hatchlings emerge until they return to coastal shallow waters to forage is incredibly difficult to study. The lost years they spend at sea, which can be up to 20 years, largely remain a mystery to us.

<pre>
SETXY 223 -6
PENDOWN
CUBIC 224 -5 226 -5 228 -5
PENUP

SETXY 233 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC 234 -3 236 -3 237 -3
PENUP

SETXY 243 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC 244 0 246 0 248 0
PENUP

SETXY 253 1
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 71
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 245 16
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 253 12
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 122
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 260 8
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 129
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 269 2
PENDOWN
CUBIC 270 1 271 -0 272 -1
PENUP

SETXY 275 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC 276 -4 277 -4 278 -5
PENUP

SETXY 321 -35
PENDOWN
CUBIC 316 -25 301 -28 295 -36
CUBIC 308 -46 314 -38 326 -34
CUBIC 334 -35 333 -42 322 -39
PENUP

SETXY 319 -38
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 -39 324 -42 326 -45
CUBIC 321 -47 319 -42 316 -39
CUBIC 323 -46 298 -48 304 -41
CUBIC 302 -43 302 -45 301 -47
CUBIC 300 -47 298 -47 296 -47
CUBIC 296 -44 297 -41 299 -39
CUBIC 295 -42 289 -40 286 -36
CUBIC 289 -38 293 -37 296 -36
PENUP

SETXY 325 -36
PENDOWN
CUBIC 325 -36 326 -36 326 -36
PENUP
</pre>

:: They can be ginormous. Marine turtle species vary greatly in size. The smallest, Kemps Ridley, measure around 70 cm long and weigh up to 40 kg whilst the leatherback can reach up to 180 cm long and weigh 500 kg. That is over 10 times heavier. Amazingly, Wales holds the world record for the largest marine turtle ever found. In 1988, a leatherback was found ashore measuring 2.5 m long, 2.5 m from flipper to flipper and weighing over 900 kg.

<pre>
SETXY 372 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 -46 375 -25 389 -17
CUBIC 382 -16 371 -20 373 -29
CUBIC 374 -35 376 -39 372 -44
CUBIC 373 -37 373 -25 363 -28
SETHEADING 31
FORWARD 1
SETHEADING -89
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 364 -26 364 -25 362 -24
CUBIC 364 -24 363 -22 362 -23
CUBIC 362 -21 362 -20 362 -19
CUBIC 361 -19 359 -20 359 -21
CUBIC 351 -22 351 -32 360 -30
CUBIC 360 -31 361 -31 362 -32
CUBIC 361 -34 359 -33 358 -34
CUBIC 359 -36 362 -35 364 -35
CUBIC 359 -36 361 -42 365 -42
CUBIC 365 -44 363 -43 362 -44
CUBIC 362 -47 368 -45 370 -45
PENUP

SETXY 358 -25
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 -25 357 -26 357 -25
PENUP

SETXY 355 -22
PENDOWN
CUBIC 355 -18 355 -19 358 -21
PENUP

SETXY 503 -3
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 13
FORWARD 19
CUBIC 510 9 511 3 513 -3
PENUP

SETXY 507 14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 507 18 508 22 509 25
PENUP

SETXY 509 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC 505 22 501 18 499 13
PENUP

SETXY 510 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 21 513 17 514 12
PENUP

SETXY 506 36
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 17 530 30 520 44
CUBIC 514 48 506 43 506 36
PENUP

SETXY 521 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 31 505 46 507 27
PENUP

SETXY 506 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC 506 34 505 31 504 28
PENUP

SETXY 508 31
PENDOWN
CUBIC 508 29 508 27 509 26
PENUP

SETXY 520 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 39 512 41 508 39
PENUP

SETXY 520 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 44 509 42 507 37
PENUP

SETXY 284 40
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -44
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 288 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 287 44 285 47 283 49
PENUP

SETXY 293 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 292 45 293 49 295 51
PENUP

SETXY 297 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 297 44 299 46 301 47
PENUP

SETXY 356 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 348 42 349 44 353 49
CUBIC 356 52 360 46 362 44
SETHEADING -97
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 448 43
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -50
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 450 44
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -22
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 453 44
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 25
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 458 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 458 45 460 47 463 48
PENUP
</pre>

:: It’s survival of the fittest. It is estimated that only around one in 1000 marine turtle hatchlings make it to adulthood. This is down to the long time it takes for them to reach maturity and the many dangers faced by hatchlings and juveniles, from predators to marine plastics.

<pre>
SETXY 590 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 552 11 520 -13 482 -23
CUBIC 474 -33 462 -28 451 -27
SETHEADING 145
FORWARD 9
CUBIC 435 -41 416 -53 394 -59
CUBIC 358 -68 320 -65 283 -66
CUBIC 263 -66 243 -65 224 -64
CUBIC 203 -67 182 -66 162 -62
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 161 -57 157 -58 154 -60
CUBIC 137 -53 120 -47 102 -42
CUBIC 89 -38 94 -47 85 -35
CUBIC 72 -38 60 -43 46 -39
CUBIC 38 -37 30 -39 23 -35
CUBIC 10 -30 -4 -33 -18 -36
CUBIC -32 -39 -46 -36 -60 -42
SETHEADING 15
FORWARD 9
CUBIC -61 -35 -63 -38 -65 -41
CUBIC -86 -47 -108 -41 -130 -43
CUBIC -140 -43 -150 -45 -159 -45
CUBIC -171 -45 -184 -41 -195 -46
PENUP

SETXY -60 -41
PENDOWN
CUBIC -60 -44 -60 -48 -60 -51
CUBIC -62 -48 -62 -44 -66 -43
PENUP

SETXY 82 -35
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -48 86 -61 88 -74
CUBIC 83 -91 85 -91 89 -108
CUBIC 93 -123 81 -119 85 -140
PENUP

SETXY 85 -54
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -49 86 -45 88 -41
PENUP

SETXY 154 -60
PENDOWN
CUBIC 159 -66 161 -72 162 -80
PENUP

SETXY 162 -60
PENDOWN
CUBIC 161 -67 161 -73 163 -79
PENUP

SETXY 224 -64
PENDOWN
CUBIC 223 -76 226 -88 226 -100
PENUP

SETXY 418 -63
PENDOWN
CUBIC 418 -68 421 -75 416 -80
CUBIC 414 -92 415 -105 410 -116
PENUP

SETXY 382 -101
PENDOWN
CUBIC 378 -105 381 -109 383 -113
CUBIC 384 -121 379 -130 382 -138
PENUP

SETXY 591 -88
PENDOWN
CUBIC 589 -89 587 -91 584 -91
CUBIC 584 -91 583 -91 583 -91
CUBIC 576 -97 576 -94 570 -95
CUBIC 565 -99 547 -104 553 -112
CUBIC 548 -111 544 -115 539 -115
CUBIC 535 -114 527 -110 526 -116
CUBIC 528 -124 517 -121 513 -124
CUBIC 508 -120 509 -115 500 -116
CUBIC 490 -114 483 -121 480 -131
CUBIC 473 -146 466 -130 461 -144
CUBIC 457 -151 445 -148 438 -153
CUBIC 434 -156 430 -157 425 -156
CUBIC 422 -157 419 -158 417 -156
CUBIC 417 -150 415 -143 408 -144
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 402 -148 398 -144 394 -144
CUBIC 389 -143 380 -146 378 -139
CUBIC 370 -147 363 -147 363 -160
CUBIC 348 -160 352 -161 340 -153
CUBIC 329 -154 317 -161 306 -153
CUBIC 290 -144 289 -154 276 -158
CUBIC 265 -162 245 -160 242 -174
CUBIC 242 -182 230 -179 224 -181
CUBIC 217 -189 205 -175 197 -180
CUBIC 192 -182 188 -194 181 -189
CUBIC 173 -197 144 -180 135 -174
CUBIC 132 -178 125 -173 122 -177
CUBIC 120 -181 120 -185 114 -183
CUBIC 107 -180 101 -181 102 -172
CUBIC 101 -169 96 -170 93 -169
CUBIC 90 -167 90 -160 85 -162
SETHEADING 3
FORWARD 9
CUBIC 85 -156 84 -159 84 -162
SETHEADING -88
FORWARD 21
CUBIC 59 -163 57 -161 55 -157
CUBIC 50 -160 46 -160 42 -157
CUBIC 36 -156 32 -163 25 -161
CUBIC 17 -164 9 -143 -9 -160

CUBIC -11 -160 -14 -159 -16 -162
CUBIC -22 -166 -27 -148 -34 -159
CUBIC -37 -157 -41 -158 -43 -155
CUBIC -46 -152 -44 -146 -48 -145
CUBIC -45 -154 -59 -169 -67 -159
CUBIC -71 -160 -71 -166 -74 -170
CUBIC -78 -174 -84 -175 -88 -178
CUBIC -92 -184 -98 -177 -103 -180
CUBIC -104 -180 -105 -180 -104 -179
CUBIC -106 -180 -106 -180 -108 -180
PENUP

SETXY 341 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC 349 -147 348 -131 353 -133
CUBIC 358 -132 357 -135 361 -137
CUBIC 363 -137 363 -137 363 -138
CUBIC 366 -138 370 -145 367 -145
PENUP

SETXY 353 -132
PENDOWN
CUBIC 360 -140 362 -150 362 -161
PENUP

SETXY 406 -147
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 -159 405 -160 417 -157
PENUP

SETXY 470 -61
PENDOWN
CUBIC 472 -70 469 -77 475 -84
CUBIC 482 -104 483 -118 476 -138
PENUP

SETXY 464 -137
PENDOWN
CUBIC 466 -130 468 -123 467 -117
CUBIC 466 -116 466 -115 466 -113
CUBIC 466 -110 465 -107 465 -103
PENUP
</pre>

:: They make some interesting noises. Female leatherbacks make some strange noises when they are nesting, some of which sound similar to a human belch.

<pre>
SETXY 529 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 -37 525 -45 523 -63
CUBIC 522 -71 512 -78 516 -87
PENUP

SETXY 555 8
PENDOWN
CUBIC 550 -2 554 -14 550 -24
PENUP

SETXY 495 -19
PENDOWN
CUBIC 492 -28 493 -38 494 -48
PENUP

SETXY 456 -33
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -178
FORWARD 20
CUBIC 456 -42 466 -36 471 -29
PENUP

SETXY 461 -29
PENDOWN
CUBIC 460 -34 460 -38 460 -43
PENUP

SETXY 292 -94
PENDOWN
CUBIC 290 -110 291 -106 294 -119
CUBIC 296 -129 287 -140 292 -147
PENUP

SETXY -28 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC -37 -132 -36 -105 -37 -79
PENUP

SETXY -18 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC -21 -156 -23 -148 -25 -140
PENUP

SETXY -9 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -8 -158 -9 -156 -10 -154
CUBIC -10 -152 -9 -150 -9 -148
CUBIC -8 -144 -11 -139 -11 -135
CUBIC -8 -126 -13 -117 -14 -108
PENUP

SETXY -10 -138
PENDOWN
CUBIC -9 -144 -5 -149 -3 -155
PENUP
</pre>

: Just let it happen.

<pre>
SETXY -48 -145
PENDOWN
CUBIC -49 -136 -53 -128 -53 -119
CUBIC -53 -116 -52 -113 -53 -110

CUBIC -53 -106 -55 -103 -55 -99
PENUP

SETXY -90 -84
PENDOWN
CUBIC -93 -103 -81 -109 -80 -124
CUBIC -74 -133 -69 -143 -69 -154
CUBIC -69 -156 -67 -159 -69 -160
PENUP

SETXY -130 -68
PENDOWN
CUBIC -134 -78 -125 -89 -125 -99
CUBIC -126 -109 -119 -118 -116 -128
CUBIC -116 -129 -116 -130 -116 -131
CUBIC -120 -139 -109 -143 -109 -151
PENUP

SETXY -172 -58
PENDOWN
CUBIC -176 -78 -169 -69 -167 -80
CUBIC -165 -87 -167 -98 -159 -103
PENUP

SETXY -98 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC -98 -52 -97 -65 -95 -71
PENUP

SETXY -144 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC -143 -50 -142 -56 -141 -62
PENUP

SETXY -15 -34
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 -40 -17 -47 -14 -53
CUBIC -12 -59 -14 -65 -12 -72
PENUP

SETXY 17 -57
PENDOWN
CUBIC 12 -78 23 -100 20 -122
CUBIC 20 -126 19 -131 22 -135
PENUP

SETXY 51 -41
PENDOWN
CUBIC 53 -53 51 -64 51 -76
CUBIC 51 -78 51 -80 53 -80
PENUP

SETXY 131 -69
PENDOWN
CUBIC 128 -75 126 -82 128 -89
CUBIC 127 -103 125 -118 129 -132
PENUP

SETXY 102 -172
PENDOWN
CUBIC 100 -159 99 -147 110 -139
CUBIC 106 -154 118 -155 121 -166
CUBIC 126 -167 122 -173 122 -177
CUBIC 123 -177 123 -176 123 -176
PENUP

SETXY 117 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 116 -180 114 -176 112 -174
CUBIC 108 -173 107 -168 105 -165
CUBIC 101 -157 102 -146 110 -140
PENUP

SETXY 113 -115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 -118 112 -121 114 -123
CUBIC 114 -128 114 -132 116 -136
PENUP

SETXY 181 -188
PENDOWN
CUBIC 184 -183 178 -182 181 -177
CUBIC 182 -176 183 -175 183 -173
CUBIC 180 -170 182 -167 182 -162
CUBIC 183 -159 180 -156 182 -153
PENUP

SETXY 199 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 196 -169 192 -162 189 -154
CUBIC 192 -142 187 -129 186 -117
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have color preferences. Turtles seem to prefer orange and yellow food. They appear to investigate these colors more than others when looking for a meal.

<pre>
SETXY 240 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC 241 -174 238 -170 241 -165
CUBIC 241 -162 239 -159 239 -156
CUBIC 239 -153 240 -151 240 -149
CUBIC 238 -146 239 -142 239 -139
CUBIC 238 -134 230 -131 233 -126
PENUP

SETXY 250 -86
PENDOWN
CUBIC 251 -97 252 -108 254 -119
CUBIC 255 -124 251 -129 253 -133
PENUP

SETXY 333 -85
PENDOWN
CUBIC 331 -91 332 -97 331 -103
CUBIC 330 -105 329 -107 329 -108
CUBIC 330 -110 331 -113 330 -115
PENUP

SETXY 320 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 321 -155 322 -152 321 -149
PENUP

SETXY 270 -153
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -173
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 442 -151
PENDOWN
CUBIC 442 -154 446 -156 449 -155
CUBIC 450 -153 448 -151 449 -149
PENUP

SETXY 515 -124
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 -128 523 -126 521 -122
PENUP

SETXY 156 -15
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -27
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 162 -13
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -27
FORWARD 9
PENUP

SETXY 166 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 166 -10 166 -7 167 -3
PENUP

SETXY 172 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 -12 174 -9 176 -8
PENUP
</pre>

: You know, I’m beginning to suspect it’s turtles all the way down.

<pre>
SETXY 200 -179
PENDOWN
CUBIC 197 -182 196 -186 195 -190
CUBIC 191 -199 186 -207 182 -216
CUBIC 186 -218 190 -215 193 -213
CUBIC 199 -208 206 -207 212 -203
CUBIC 219 -200 227 -203 235 -201
CUBIC 242 -198 249 -194 257 -193
CUBIC 262 -191 261 -182 265 -179
CUBIC 273 -176 272 -167 268 -160
PENUP

SETXY 291 -150
PENDOWN
CUBIC 293 -155 295 -160 295 -166
CUBIC 300 -163 300 -156 307 -155
PENUP

SETXY 271 -168
PENDOWN
CUBIC 274 -173 281 -174 286 -176
PENUP

SETXY 263 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 263 -185 267 -187 271 -187
CUBIC 274 -187 276 -193 278 -190
PENUP

SETXY 259 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 256 -196 266 -200 270 -202
CUBIC 271 -201 272 -201 273 -203
PENUP
</pre>

:: Marine turtles can migrate incredibly long distances. The longest known record is for a female leatherback who swam nearly 13,000 miles over 647 days from Indonesia to the west coast of America. That is over 20 miles a day.

<pre>
SETXY 329 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 329 -155 331 -157 330 -158
CUBIC 326 -171 315 -179 306 -189
CUBIC 313 -189 311 -188 314 -195
CUBIC 337 -194 335 -183 352 -179
CUBIC 369 -174 408 -177 412 -156
PENUP

SETXY 542 -115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 523 -132 504 -147 488 -166
CUBIC 468 -174 452 -188 434 -200
CUBIC 412 -214 385 -215 361 -225
CUBIC 351 -229 342 -234 333 -239
CUBIC 317 -247 299 -248 283 -255
CUBIC 269 -269 264 -270 245 -272
CUBIC 240 -274 236 -279 231 -281
CUBIC 224 -284 215 -279 209 -283
CUBIC 196 -294 200 -320 176 -300
PENUP

SETXY 188 -307

PENDOWN
CUBIC 191 -317 183 -328 173 -322
CUBIC 166 -322 157 -317 158 -309
PENUP

SETXY 182 -324
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -324 181 -324 182 -324
CUBIC 187 -329 182 -339 185 -346
CUBIC 195 -357 189 -367 194 -379
CUBIC 198 -385 204 -389 205 -396
CUBIC 211 -406 227 -406 233 -416
PENUP

SETXY -105 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC -100 -208 -77 -198 -72 -208
CUBIC -66 -207 -62 -212 -60 -217
CUBIC -54 -225 -35 -223 -35 -236
CUBIC -36 -254 -21 -227 -11 -276
CUBIC -7 -278 -5 -282 -6 -286
CUBIC -8 -297 -7 -309 -6 -320
CUBIC -6 -333 -3 -347 -4 -361
CUBIC -6 -367 -8 -373 -9 -380
CUBIC -13 -397 -29 -405 -43 -412
CUBIC -28 -411 -12 -405 3 -406
CUBIC 6 -406 10 -403 13 -404
CUBIC 22 -411 23 -409 34 -405
CUBIC 40 -404 46 -409 53 -411
CUBIC 63 -415 75 -411 82 -402
CUBIC 92 -406 101 -415 112 -416
CUBIC 117 -415 120 -410 124 -408
CUBIC 136 -403 150 -422 161 -410
CUBIC 166 -409 172 -415 177 -413
CUBIC 184 -405 194 -412 203 -411
CUBIC 203 -410 203 -408 204 -407
CUBIC 214 -412 224 -415 235 -416
PENUP

SETXY 32 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 29 -174 38 -182 33 -197
CUBIC 32 -205 37 -212 40 -220
CUBIC 50 -251 26 -282 1 -297
PENUP

SETXY 33 -203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 17 -194 32 -239 19 -253
CUBIC 6 -267 19 -263 -3 -281
PENUP

SETXY 24 -211
PENDOWN
CUBIC 22 -204 17 -194 8 -194
CUBIC 6 -194 4 -198 6 -200
CUBIC 6 -180 -13 -185 -23 -175
CUBIC -25 -163 -41 -168 -41 -155
PENUP

SETXY -31 -243
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 136
FORWARD 1
CUBIC -27 -243 -21 -242 -21 -237
PENUP

SETXY -36 -232
PENDOWN
CUBIC -35 -229 -34 -227 -32 -224
PENUP

SETXY -16 -257
PENDOWN
CUBIC -12 -256 -8 -254 -7 -251
PENUP

SETXY -13 -269
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 -265 -9 -261 -7 -259
PENUP
</pre>

:: They always return home. Females return to the same beach they hatched on to lay their own eggs and bury them in sand nests. Marine turtles’ amazing ability to navigate comes from their sensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic fields.

<pre>
SETXY 1 -252
PENDOWN
CUBIC 3 -250 4 -248 5 -245
PENUP

SETXY -44 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -42 -167 -36 -170 -29 -172
CUBIC -25 -175 -24 -183 -19 -185
CUBIC -13 -187 -4 -185 -2 -193
CUBIC -0 -196 -1 -201 3 -203
PENUP

SETXY -99 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC -96 -198 -76 -198 -69 -201
CUBIC -66 -201 -64 -202 -62 -205
CUBIC -57 -214 -47 -220 -38 -226
PENUP

SETXY -83 -188
PENDOWN
CUBIC -80 -189 -76 -189 -73 -188
CUBIC -65 -192 -57 -198 -52 -205
CUBIC -51 -207 -50 -208 -47 -208
CUBIC -44 -209 -43 -214 -40 -214
PENUP

SETXY -59 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -184 -50 -170 -41 -188
PENUP

SETXY -14 -212
PENDOWN
CUBIC -9 -215 -5 -219 -5 -225
CUBIC -3 -229 3 -230 4 -235
PENUP

SETXY -10 -386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 7 -361 -5 -330 -0 -303
PENUP

SETXY -7 -315
PENDOWN
CUBIC -7 -324 -7 -333 -9 -342
CUBIC -9 -349 -3 -355 -4 -361
PENUP

SETXY -1 -393
PENDOWN
CUBIC 2 -380 10 -366 6 -352
CUBIC -1 -337 -0 -316 10 -302
PENUP

SETXY 7 -396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 9 -387 9 -377 12 -369
CUBIC 15 -364 16 -360 11 -356
CUBIC 8 -352 5 -347 5 -342
PENUP

SETXY 10 -341
PENDOWN
CUBIC 12 -344 14 -346 15 -349
CUBIC 23 -315 1 -313 10 -341
PENUP

SETXY 16 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC 25 -357 22 -344 23 -338
PENUP

SETXY 56 -237
PENDOWN
CUBIC 59 -264 22 -281 28 -308
CUBIC 30 -326 33 -346 29 -363
CUBIC 27 -370 22 -376 21 -383
CUBIC 20 -388 20 -394 17 -399
PENUP
</pre>

: Move the turtle. Playing. Working. Just having fun.

<pre>
SETXY 8 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 10 -400 12 -396 14 -393
CUBIC 13 -397 14 -402 16 -406
PENUP

SETXY 77 -406
PENDOWN
CUBIC 81 -400 83 -394 84 -387
CUBIC 83 -393 83 -399 86 -404
PENUP

SETXY 72 -167
PENDOWN
CUBIC 66 -188 71 -208 79 -227
CUBIC 79 -235 75 -242 79 -250
CUBIC 79 -254 74 -257 75 -261
PENUP

SETXY 76 -280
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 -290 79 -301 74 -310
CUBIC 70 -320 65 -323 67 -335
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some more interesting bits from “Interesting Facts About Turtles”, a little nature study by a scientist, Forest and Stream, January 1916.
:: The laying of eggs. This is one of the most instructive things that I have ever watched. Invariably, they chose in my yard a situation with a southern exposure when desiring to lay. In only two instances was an eastern exposure observed, and once a western. Part of the yard being a cement walk, we could sometimes observe the female making motions as for digging the nest. Sometimes for a half a day, she would remain stationary, and with her back legs commence to work for this purpose. Lifting her to the grass plot, in a short time she would commence to dig. First with the left hind foot, she would remove a little dirt and pile it upon her left side, then with the right hind foot, and pile the removed dirt upon the right side. This would be repeated again and again, probably for hours, until the proper size hole and depth was obtained.

<pre>
SETXY 49 -301
PENDOWN
CUBIC 41 -316 45 -330 48 -345
CUBIC 48 -354 42 -362 41 -371
CUBIC 43 -383 40 -395 33 -405
PENUP

SETXY 38 -396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 37 -400 38 -405 42 -408
PENUP

SETXY 121 -409
PENDOWN
CUBIC 128 -400 123 -388 125 -377
CUBIC 126 -374 127 -371 127 -368
CUBIC 121 -359 128 -349 125 -340
CUBIC 116 -329 118 -315 116 -302
PENUP

SETXY 94 -302
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -312 92 -327 89 -339
CUBIC 80 -348 87 -359 84 -370
CUBIC 83 -372 82 -377 86 -377
PENUP

SETXY 124 -257
PENDOWN
CUBIC 120 -270 123 -285 132 -296
CUBIC 136 -302 134 -310 136 -316
PENUP

SETXY 144 -320
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -325 150 -334 147 -341
CUBIC 145 -353 154 -348 149 -361
PENUP

SETXY 142 -371
PENDOWN
CUBIC 144 -377 137 -383 140 -389
CUBIC 143 -392 144 -395 143 -399
PENUP

SETXY 125 -395
PENDOWN
CUBIC 126 -399 128 -407 132 -406
PENUP

SETXY 158 -413
PENDOWN
CUBIC 168 -398 157 -379 161 -361
CUBIC 161 -362 161 -362 161 -363
PENUP

SETXY 163 -399
PENDOWN
CUBIC 162 -404 164 -409 169 -412
PENUP

SETXY 203 -410
PENDOWN
CUBIC 205 -400 200 -404 197 -396
CUBIC 195 -384 182 -381 185 -366
CUBIC 190 -352 175 -345 179 -329
PENUP

SETXY 172 -331
PENDOWN
CUBIC 169 -339 178 -348 176 -357
PENUP

SETXY 179 -373
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -381 182 -388 187 -394
PENUP

SETXY -3 -285
PENDOWN
CUBIC -8 -297 -3 -310 -5 -323
PENUP

SETXY -10 -388
PENDOWN
CUBIC -12 -400 -24 -404 -33 -409
PENUP

SETXY -11 -400
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 -392 -5 -383 -3 -374
PENUP

SETXY 187 -302
PENDOWN
CUBIC 205 -301 191 -274 221 -278
PENUP

SETXY 233 -272
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 -262 259 -271 273 -253
CUBIC 287 -241 311 -247 323 -232
PENUP

SETXY 182 -249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 195 -245 204 -231 218 -226
CUBIC 229 -223 243 -226 252 -219
PENUP

SETXY 257 -197
PENDOWN
CUBIC 242 -200 241 -210 221 -206
CUBIC 210 -205 202 -216 191 -218
PENUP

SETXY 183 -196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -201 180 -206 175 -210
CUBIC 170 -219 166 -230 164 -240
PENUP
</pre>

:: Egg-laying does not always occur during the daytime, as I have observed one or two digging away past midnight. Sometimes they will have dug for about an inch or so and then not make any more progress downward. In these instances they have met with obstructions like a small stone which they cannot remove. I have, with a pair of forceps, removed the obstruction on several occasions with the turtle still in-situ, and after a minute or two she resumes her work.

<pre>
SETXY 179 -219
PENDOWN
CUBIC 170 -224 171 -238 168 -247
CUBIC 165 -254 168 -260 170 -267
CUBIC 172 -277 163 -292 174 -298
PENUP

SETXY 156 -246
PENDOWN
CUBIC 160 -256 156 -266 154 -276
CUBIC 154 -282 158 -288 157 -293
PENUP

SETXY 147 -241
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -251 145 -261 144 -271
CUBIC 144 -278 148 -284 148 -291
CUBIC 148 -295 146 -300 150 -303
PENUP

SETXY 163 -247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 -255 163 -262 164 -270
CUBIC 164 -280 157 -294 167 -300
PENUP

SETXY 176 -305
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -306 183 -311 186 -309
PENUP

SETXY 180 -263
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -270 180 -280 188 -282
PENUP

SETXY 248 -234
PENDOWN
CUBIC 253 -232 254 -235 257 -237
CUBIC 263 -236 261 -242 257 -242
CUBIC 249 -245 241 -248 234 -252
CUBIC 231 -255 227 -255 223 -253
CUBIC 219 -253 216 -257 212 -256
CUBIC 223 -247 233 -236 248 -234
PENUP

SETXY 273 -233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 286 -220 280 -226 294 -226
CUBIC 307 -224 315 -213 326 -207
CUBIC 340 -205 355 -201 367 -192
PENUP
</pre>

: There is an artist in the bottom of everybody.

<pre>
SETXY 304 -190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 300 -194 294 -194 290 -191
PENUP

SETXY 314 -195
PENDOWN
CUBIC 306 -215 286 -197 274 -209
PENUP

SETXY 343 -187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 363 -173 397 -185 413 -164
PENUP

SETXY 458 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 442 -186 425 -198 407 -205
CUBIC 395 -207 383 -205 373 -212
CUBIC 360 -219 345 -223 335 -233
PENUP

SETXY 513 -132
PENDOWN
CUBIC 506 -137 500 -143 495 -150
CUBIC 494 -153 492 -154 489 -155
CUBIC 482 -159 477 -170 468 -170
PENUP

SETXY 455 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 447 -162 439 -173 427 -174
PENUP

SETXY 404 -185
PENDOWN
CUBIC 399 -187 394 -190 388 -192
PENUP

SETXY 366 -203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 359 -205 353 -211 346 -215
PENUP

SETXY 124 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 124 -212 98 -213 93 -230
CUBIC 89 -243 86 -259 94 -272
PENUP

SETXY 132 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC 140 -212 129 -202 119 -225
CUBIC 106 -235 101 -253 106 -268
CUBIC 106 -273 104 -279 109 -283
PENUP

SETXY 152 -194
PENDOWN
CUBIC 149 -211 134 -211 136 -241
PENUP

SETXY 141 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC 142 -185 141 -189 139 -193
PENUP

SETXY 166 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 166 -197 164 -203 159 -209
CUBIC 157 -214 157 -220 155 -225
PENUP

SETXY 48 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 45 -171 48 -182 53 -191
CUBIC 55 -199 50 -208 55 -214
PENUP
</pre>

:: The nest or repository is about 3 inches in depth and about an inch and a half or a little more in width. When she has it finished, she discharges her eggs into it. When the egg is deposited in the hole, she is not just satisfied in dropping it, but she reaches down with her hind leg and places the egg horizontally and covers a little dirt over it. Then the second egg and the remaining eggs are all treated similarly and when the last one is deposited and placed, she commences to fill up with the dirt that remains. This she puts into the hole with an alternate right and left leg until all is filled in.

<pre>
SETXY 34 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 36 -169 37 -178 37 -188
CUBIC 35 -197 38 -205 43 -213
PENUP

SETXY 38 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 38 -162 39 -167 40 -172
PENUP

SETXY 83 -190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 77 -197 82 -205 87 -210
CUBIC 89 -215 90 -220 97 -217
CUBIC 124 -204 107 -166 83 -190
PENUP

SETXY 90 -204
PENDOWN
CUBIC 94 -214 104 -205 102 -198
CUBIC 97 -196 87 -197 90 -204
PENUP

SETXY 94 -218
PENDOWN
CUBIC 95 -215 95 -212 96 -209
CUBIC 94 -212 91 -214 89 -216
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 96 -209
PENDOWN
CUBIC 97 -211 98 -213 99 -216
PENUP

SETXY 89 -200
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -204 85 -195 89 -194
CUBIC 93 -193 98 -193 102 -192
CUBIC 107 -191 107 -201 102 -198
PENUP

SETXY 94 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 93 -188 98 -189 97 -193
PENUP

SETXY 160 -121
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -145 166 -129 159 -162
PENUP

SETXY 147 -166
PENDOWN
CUBIC 148 -171 147 -177 145 -182
PENUP

SETXY 182 -298
PENDOWN
CUBIC 189 -298 193 -292 195 -287
PENUP

SETXY 193 -304
PENDOWN
CUBIC 199 -300 204 -294 207 -287
CUBIC 207 -286 208 -284 210 -284
CUBIC 243 -283 230 -276 251 -271
PENUP

SETXY -31 -243
PENDOWN
CUBIC -30 -248 -23 -249 -20 -253
CUBIC -16 -259 -18 -269 -12 -274
CUBIC -8 -277 -8 -281 -9 -285
CUBIC -11 -301 -7 -317 -6 -333
PENUP

SETXY 240 -274
PENDOWN
CUBIC 249 -268 264 -274 273 -266
CUBIC 276 -263 278 -260 281 -258
CUBIC 287 -256 293 -257 298 -253
CUBIC 309 -245 323 -245 335 -240
CUBIC 340 -237 344 -231 349 -232
PENUP

SETXY 345 -232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 351 -226 362 -225 371 -224
CUBIC 388 -218 404 -210 421 -206
PENUP

SETXY 182 -325
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -336 185 -346 189 -356
CUBIC 187 -367 196 -375 197 -386
CUBIC 196 -393 208 -394 210 -402
PENUP

SETXY -104 -197
PENDOWN
CUBIC -98 -197 -95 -204 -89 -205
CUBIC -73 -202 -67 -211 -57 -221
CUBIC -48 -226 -35 -227 -35 -241
CUBIC -31 -249 -21 -252 -19 -262
PENUP

SETXY 257 -193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 -203 211 -201 191 -215
CUBIC 187 -216 180 -217 179 -222
CUBIC 180 -214 184 -206 188 -199
CUBIC 191 -194 190 -186 195 -182
PENUP

SETXY 32 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 33 -167 32 -175 34 -181
CUBIC 37 -190 35 -200 36 -209
CUBIC 34 -205 30 -201 28 -207
CUBIC 28 -210 28 -214 24 -217
CUBIC 23 -209 14 -189 6 -198
CUBIC 5 -200 4 -202 3 -199
CUBIC -4 -175 -12 -191 -24 -177
CUBIC -28 -160 -38 -173 -43 -156
PENUP

SETXY 413 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 -173 386 -177 370 -175
CUBIC 367 -175 364 -175 363 -177
CUBIC 361 -184 358 -181 353 -180
CUBIC 343 -180 318 -205 311 -194
CUBIC 310 -195 309 -195 308 -194
SETHEADING 24
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 307 -190 305 -190 303 -191
CUBIC 305 -176 331 -168 329 -152
PENUP

SETXY -198 94
PENDOWN
CUBIC -177 101 -155 109 -132 110
CUBIC -124 110 -116 107 -108 108
CUBIC -90 114 -71 112 -52 114
PENUP

SETXY -21 114
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 116 -7 117 -1 112
CUBIC 11 112 23 113 34 110
PENUP

SETXY 60 108
PENDOWN
CUBIC 72 106 85 109 97 110
CUBIC 100 110 101 111 103 112
CUBIC 105 112 108 111 109 113
PENUP

SETXY 127 113
PENDOWN
CUBIC 141 116 152 103 168 110
CUBIC 224 116 281 109 336 105
SETHEADING -126
FORWARD 13
CUBIC 333 95 329 91 325 88
CUBIC 347 80 371 88 394 86
CUBIC 405 85 415 82 426 81
CUBIC 451 84 476 66 499 74
CUBIC 514 79 538 80 553 72
CUBIC 564 71 576 74 587 69
CUBIC 589 68 588 69 591 68
PENUP

SETXY 336 105
PENDOWN
CUBIC 335 99 336 92 338 85
PENUP

SETXY 330 93
PENDOWN
CUBIC 330 90 331 87 332 85
PENUP

SETXY 272 109
PENDOWN
CUBIC 319 121 362 144 398 175
CUBIC 406 182 414 189 424 192
CUBIC 434 184 444 175 452 165
CUBIC 462 151 473 138 486 128
CUBIC 509 110 530 88 556 74
PENUP

SETXY 382 161
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -133
FORWARD 16
SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 30
CUBIC 395 155 393 150 392 144
CUBIC 426 170 407 159 423 147
SETHEADING 38
FORWARD 13
CUBIC 434 155 435 147 440 148
CUBIC 442 149 442 154 445 153
CUBIC 452 151 458 147 464 144
CUBIC 461 149 459 153 457 158
PENUP

SETXY 220 115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 246 124 269 142 293 154
CUBIC 304 148 314 140 325 133
CUBIC 326 133 327 132 327 132
CUBIC 328 133 328 135 328 134
PENUP

SETXY 269 139
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 8
SETHEADING 68
FORWARD 19
CUBIC 280 139 279 137 280 135
CUBIC 287 140 290 141 297 134
CUBIC 295 141 300 141 304 137
CUBIC 306 135 311 137 309 140
SETHEADING 112
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 315 139 314 141 312 142
PENUP
</pre>

:: After it is all done, she pats it with both her hind feet together, and then, with her body raised and lowered, pats and smooths over the place where the eggs are buried. Then she leaves it and never looks after it, as the sun now plays its part in hatching the eggs. The eggs are whitish in color with a semi-elastic shell, about the size of a pidgeon egg.

<pre>
SETXY 483 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 570 178 507 182 591 112
PENUP

SETXY 512 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 147 508 144 507 142
SETHEADING 64
FORWARD 18
CUBIC 522 147 521 145 520 142
CUBIC 532 153 534 144 544 138
CUBIC 545 141 545 144 546 147
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 15
PENUP

SETXY 421 268
PENDOWN
CUBIC 423 276 424 285 425 294
CUBIC 422 295 423 299 425 300
CUBIC 427 302 434 300 431 297
CUBIC 429 294 426 294 423 295
CUBIC 426 294 430 295 431 297
CUBIC 438 290 444 283 450 275
PENUP

SETXY 426 282
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 4
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 432 282 434 288 439 283
CUBIC 440 283 440 283 440 283
SETHEADING 121
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 422 283
PENDOWN
CUBIC 421 282 420 282 418 282
CUBIC 420 280 419 277 417 278
CUBIC 417 274 419 273 414 271
CUBIC 414 270 416 270 416 268
CUBIC 417 267 415 265 416 264
CUBIC 417 263 420 264 420 262
CUBIC 419 258 424 259 426 258
CUBIC 428 256 430 258 432 259
CUBIC 439 256 435 263 446 260
CUBIC 445 268 451 263 450 272
CUBIC 453 263 448 264 447 257
CUBIC 435 259 441 252 432 256
CUBIC 426 251 427 258 423 255
CUBIC 419 257 417 261 414 264
PENUP

SETXY 428 273
PENDOWN
CUBIC 426 271 429 271 430 269
CUBIC 432 268 435 269 436 270
CUBIC 441 275 431 278 428 273
PENUP

SETXY 415 279
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 290 398 302 389 313
CUBIC 395 293 404 275 411 256
CUBIC 416 249 426 245 433 239
SETHEADING -16
FORWARD 14
PENUP

SETXY 386 311
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 291 400 271 409 252
CUBIC 415 246 422 242 429 236
PENUP

SETXY 382 309
PENDOWN
CUBIC 391 289 398 267 407 247
CUBIC 413 242 420 239 425 234
PENUP

SETXY 384 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC 382 301 381 300 380 300
SETHEADING 149
FORWARD 27
PENUP

SETXY 433 469
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 154
FORWARD 17
PENUP

SETXY 447 443
PENDOWN
CUBIC 450 438 453 433 456 428
PENUP

SETXY 463 418
PENDOWN
CUBIC 466 414 470 409 473 405
PENUP

SETXY 480 397
PENDOWN
CUBIC 483 393 487 389 490 385
PENUP

SETXY 496 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC 499 375 503 371 506 368
PENUP

SETXY 512 363
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 128
FORWARD 16
PENUP

SETXY 532 349
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 345 540 343 544 340
PENUP

SETXY 552 336
PENDOWN
CUBIC 556 332 561 330 565 327
PENUP

SETXY 574 322
PENDOWN
CUBIC 579 320 583 318 588 316
PENUP

SETXY 476 451
PENDOWN
CUBIC 480 445 479 438 481 432
CUBIC 483 438 486 444 488 450
PENUP

SETXY 490 433
PENDOWN
CUBIC 495 459 500 456 504 432
PENUP

SETXY 492 442
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 92
FORWARD 9
PENUP
</pre>

:: The number laid by a turtle varies. I have seen three, and on one occasion I have seen eight laid at one sitting. I have also observed one turtle laying its eggs, covering them over, and a little later – a day or two - another female dig in the same place, remove the eggs, and lay her own in this doubly-dug repository. Once a female dug six hours and laid four eggs. Another dug several hours, the hole measured two inches across, and three and one half inches in depth, and she laid eight eggs within a half hour.

<pre>
SETXY 517 448
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 459 500 425 519 434
PENUP

SETXY 522 450
PENDOWN
CUBIC 518 424 540 427 534 451
PENUP

SETXY 540 449
PENDOWN
CUBIC 533 425 558 428 552 451
PENUP

SETXY 556 433
PENDOWN
CUBIC 556 438 557 443 557 449
CUBIC 569 437 564 444 574 450
CUBIC 575 444 572 437 573 431
PENUP

SETXY 505 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 402 512 409 511 415
CUBIC 507 419 502 419 497 419
CUBIC 498 414 498 410 498 405
CUBIC 497 398 498 396 505 400
PENUP

SETXY 526 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 522 419 518 419 514 419
CUBIC 516 397 509 398 526 402
PENUP

SETXY 522 411
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 411 516 409 515 410
PENUP

SETXY 541 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 526 427 526 392 541 403
PENUP

SETXY 544 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 548 425 554 422 559 399
PENUP

SETXY 546 408
PENDOWN
CUBIC 549 409 552 410 556 409
PENUP

SETXY 567 398
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 1
FORWARD 12
CUBIC 564 410 562 415 559 416
PENUP

SETXY 567 410
PENDOWN
CUBIC 569 413 572 415 575 418
PENUP

SETXY 4 376
PENDOWN
CUBIC 3 373 1 369 0 366
CUBIC -11 371 -25 373 -38 377
CUBIC -35 382 -42 384 -45 388
SETHEADING 44
FORWARD 11
CUBIC -33 394 -25 378 -24 388
CUBIC -28 389 -25 396 -21 394
CUBIC -17 393 -19 387 -23 388
CUBIC -25 384 -22 384 -19 383
CUBIC -13 382 -1 377 4 376
PENUP

SETXY -39 370
PENDOWN
CUBIC -40 365 -31 369 -35 372
CUBIC -37 374 -39 372 -39 370
PENUP

SETXY -25 368
PENDOWN
CUBIC -26 367 -25 364 -23 365
CUBIC -17 364 -22 374 -25 368
PENUP

SETXY -9 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 356 1 363 -5 366
CUBIC -7 366 -10 363 -9 361
PENUP

SETXY -35 372
PENDOWN
CUBIC -28 376 -21 381 -23 370
PENUP

SETXY -6 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC -6 368 -5 372 -7 374
CUBIC -12 376 -17 378 -22 379
CUBIC -22 379 -24 376 -24 376
PENUP

SETXY -4 379
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 18
FORWARD 13
CUBIC -1 392 -2 392 -4 392
CUBIC -2 394 -1 397 -1 400
CUBIC 3 399 7 398 11 396
CUBIC 11 394 10 391 9 388
CUBIC 7 389 5 390 3 390
CUBIC 2 387 -0 380 -0 378
PENUP

SETXY 2 370
PENDOWN
CUBIC 7 364 10 375 4 374
CUBIC 4 374 4 375 4 375
PENUP

SETXY 20 381
PENDOWN
CUBIC 20 377 25 377 26 380
CUBIC 28 385 20 386 20 381
PENUP

SETXY 7 373
PENDOWN
CUBIC 11 374 15 377 19 379
PENUP

SETXY 23 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC 24 375 24 369 24 366
PENUP

SETXY 25 363
PENDOWN
CUBIC 25 362 27 362 28 361
CUBIC 28 364 29 366 29 368
CUBIC 29 368 27 368 27 368
CUBIC 25 368 25 364 25 363
PENUP

SETXY 26 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 360 26 359 26 357
SETHEADING 28
FORWARD 0
PENUP
</pre>

:: Not all eggs hatch out, but in the instance where eight were laid, I had the pleasure of seeing six little baby turtles come out. Other eggs which were laid in a hole with a western or eastern exposure never came to anything. I have dug carefully into these nests, but I have always come upon decomposing eggs.

<pre>
SETXY 25 343
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 344 28 344 29 345
CUBIC 28 342 33 338 36 339
CUBIC 35 338 35 336 35 335
PENUP

SETXY 31 344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 33 341 35 339 38 338
CUBIC 41 345 31 351 29 345
CUBIC 31 352 22 350 27 347
CUBIC 28 347 28 344 30 344
CUBIC 31 344 31 343 32 343
PENUP

SETXY 37 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 37 337 38 336 39 336
PENUP

SETXY 99 391
PENDOWN
CUBIC 104 358 160 347 175 378
PENUP

SETXY 179 389
PENDOWN
CUBIC 196 446 105 460 99 403
PENUP

SETXY 185 396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 250 368 27 405 97 411
PENUP

SETXY 98 416
PENDOWN
CUBIC -45 426 202 361 224 385
CUBIC 220 395 195 400 184 402
PENUP

SETXY 251 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 380 250 374 255 375
CUBIC 260 377 256 385 251 382
PENUP

SETXY -190 419
PENDOWN
CUBIC -194 416 -197 413 -201 409
CUBIC -198 407 -167 428 -176 427
CUBIC -186 425 -208 412 -208 402
CUBIC -199 400 -172 418 -167 427
PENUP

SETXY -96 432
PENDOWN
CUBIC -89 425 -82 428 -93 434
CUBIC -115 445 -91 421 -82 421
CUBIC -76 423 -86 433 -89 435
PENUP

SETXY -237 324
PENDOWN
CUBIC -232 327 -228 330 -223 334
CUBIC -229 333 -234 334 -240 334
CUBIC -235 330 -230 326 -226 323
CUBIC -227 328 -229 333 -231 338
CUBIC -233 333 -235 328 -237 324
PENUP

SETXY -253 328
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -254 332
PENDOWN
CUBIC -254 332 -254 333 -254 334
PENUP

SETXY -251 332
PENDOWN
CUBIC -250 332 -250 333 -249 333
PENUP

SETXY -249 328
PENDOWN
CUBIC -248 329 -248 329 -247 329
PENUP

SETXY -250 325
PENDOWN
CUBIC -249 325 -249 324 -248 324
PENUP

SETXY -253 324
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 166
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY -255 324
PENDOWN
CUBIC -256 324 -256 323 -256 322
PENUP

SETXY -259 326
PENDOWN
CUBIC -259 326 -260 325 -260 325
PENUP

SETXY -257 330
PENDOWN
CUBIC -258 330 -258 331 -259 331
PENUP

SETXY -185 103
PENDOWN
CUBIC -287 237 -131 426 18 347
CUBIC 104 298 138 193 80 109
PENUP
</pre>

:: For the most interesting egg laying I ever witnessed, the turtle commenced to dig at 8 p.m. and was still busy at work the next morning at 8 o’clock. Five days later, a second turtle dug these eggs out arid, deposited four of her own, and covered the nest up. Personally, I do not believe that the turtle digging out the previous batch of eggs was vindictive or mischievous, but that the ground seemed soft and easily worked. Therefore, it took advantage of the spot.

<pre>
SETXY 43 300
PENDOWN
CUBIC 46 300 50 298 53 298
CUBIC 60 298 61 290 63 285
PENUP

SETXY 28 310
PENDOWN
CUBIC 34 310 34 310 34 304
PENUP

SETXY 48 325
PENDOWN
CUBIC 47 323 50 322 51 320
CUBIC 52 318 53 317 55 317
CUBIC 56 316 56 312 59 313
PENUP

SETXY 74 298
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 295 73 290 77 288
CUBIC 77 282 76 279 82 275
CUBIC 87 270 85 263 89 257
CUBIC 92 253 94 249 98 245
CUBIC 101 243 102 239 104 235
PENUP

SETXY 107 219
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -34
FORWARD 3
CUBIC 104 218 104 214 105 210
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 105 206 106 202 106 198
CUBIC 107 198 107 199 107 199
CUBIC 108 198 108 197 107 197
CUBIC 107 197 107 198 108 198
PENUP
</pre>

: “Average Person Paints Three Turtles A Year” Factoid Actually Just Statistical Error
:: Average person paints zero turtles per year. Turtles Geord, who lives in cave and eats over 10,000 each day, is an outlier and should not have been counted.

<pre>
SETXY 104 166
PENDOWN
CUBIC 102 167 99 161 101 160
CUBIC 104 158 94 149 98 143
PENUP

SETXY -203 227
PENDOWN
CUBIC -202 229 -201 227 -202 226
CUBIC -200 234 -195 241 -193 249
CUBIC -193 251 -194 254 -192 255
CUBIC -202 243 -203 246 -203 227
PENUP

SETXY -192 285
PENDOWN
CUBIC -189 285 -187 287 -184 287
CUBIC -181 287 -178 282 -175 282
CUBIC -141 282 -148 295 -126 302
CUBIC -120 303 -115 301 -109 305
CUBIC -100 311 -90 314 -81 318
CUBIC -67 332 -53 345 -40 359
CUBIC -42 360 -47 352 -40 359
CUBIC -42 360 -42 363 -41 364
PENUP

SETXY -161 154
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 154 -162 154 -162 154
CUBIC -162 153 -161 154 -162 154
PENUP

SETXY -151 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC -151 149 -150 147 -150 148
PENUP

SETXY -138 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC -138 145 -137 144 -136 145
PENUP
</pre>

:: The young turtles, when they make their emergence at the end of three months, are dark in color and quite active. If you place one on its back at this time, it will arch its head and neck and come around to its normal position. The shell, of course, is quite soft, but in about three years, the shell really becomes hardened, though some clear portions of the shell around the edges are still soft. The color of the shell gradually changes to that usually seen in the head and soft parts are mottled, speckled, or of a solid color. I have two in my collection where the head and neck are solid yellow.

<pre>
SETXY -102 144
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 143 -107 139 -104 137
CUBIC -103 137 -100 140 -101 138
CUBIC -100 140 -99 143 -102 143
CUBIC -102 143 -103 142 -103 142
CUBIC -103 143 -103 143 -103 143
PENUP

SETXY -202 141
PENDOWN
CUBIC -198 139 -198 132 -196 128
CUBIC -195 130 -192 128 -193 126
CUBIC -194 124 -195 122 -194 121
CUBIC -187 120 -191 115 -188 111
SETHEADING -38
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY -216 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC -214 196 -213 193 -215 191
CUBIC -213 190 -213 177 -213 174
PENUP

SETXY -202 171
PENDOWN
CUBIC -202 168 -203 165 -200 164
PENUP

SETXY 255 261
PENDOWN
CUBIC 254 272 258 284 265 293
CUBIC 276 277 268 258 266 241
CUBIC 263 240 258 243 255 241
CUBIC 253 247 255 255 255 261
PENUP

SETXY 257 237
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 231 260 220 258 211
CUBIC 257 220 270 227 264 236
PENUP
</pre>

: Do you know what a sea turtle’s favorite sandwich is? Peanut butter and jellyfish. That sounds weird, but it’s actually true. Just ask the next sea turtle you meet. But I think we shouldn’t mention it to the jellyfish.

<pre>
SETXY 259 233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 232 258 228 258 226
PENUP

SETXY 262 233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 263 231 262 228 261 226
PENUP

SETXY 268 251
PENDOWN
CUBIC 275 250 272 242 273 237
CUBIC 271 239 269 240 267 241
PENUP

SETXY 254 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 252 247 245 247 240
CUBIC 249 241 252 242 254 243
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some interesting observations from “Odd Facts About Turtles”, Christian Observer, May 11th 1919.
:: It has been said that the turtle, like the whale, has no other enemy than man, in as much as both the little creature and the big pursue their various ways in practical immunity from harm and the fear of sudden death.

<pre>
SETXY 255 267
PENDOWN
CUBIC 260 264 265 264 270 264
PENUP

SETXY 254 260
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 259 264 259 269 258
PENUP

SETXY 124 293
PENDOWN
CUBIC 127 296 132 295 134 292
CUBIC 135 296 143 296 145 292
PENUP

SETXY 153 312
PENDOWN
CUBIC 158 311 161 306 163 302
CUBIC 165 306 169 310 173 312
PENUP

SETXY 168 288
PENDOWN
CUBIC 177 296 183 297 187 285
PENUP

SETXY 175 206
PENDOWN
CUBIC 164 216 145 206 146 192
CUBIC 152 161 194 181 175 206
PENUP

SETXY 162 215
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -3
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 170 214
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 217 172 219 173 220
PENUP

SETXY 178 211
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 212 180 214 182 216
PENUP

SETXY 184 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC 186 203 188 203 190 204
PENUP

SETXY 185 190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 187 190 189 189 192 189
PENUP

SETXY 182 182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 184 181 186 180 188 179
PENUP

SETXY 174 174
PENDOWN
CUBIC 175 173 176 171 177 169
PENUP

SETXY 163 172
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 170 163 168 163 166
PENUP
</pre>

:: In many ways, the turtle is one of the strangest of living things. Whales must come to the surface frequently to breathe, and it is pretty well known what they feed upon. The seal cannot remain beneath the sea nearly as long as the whale, and his food is very well known. But the turtle, in all his varieties and all his ways, is a most mysterious animal. It does not, indeed, seem to matter to him whether he stays beneath the surface for an hour or for a week, nor does it trouble him to stay for an equal time on high land if the need arises. Your turtle is neither fish, flesh, nor fowl, yet his flesh partakes of the characteristics of all three.

<pre>
SETXY 152 175
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 145 181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 143 180 141 179 140 178
PENUP

SETXY 140 190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 139 189 137 189 135 189
PENUP

SETXY 141 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 139 199 137 200 136 200
PENUP

SETXY 145 206
PENDOWN
CUBIC 144 207 142 208 141 209
PENUP

SETXY 152 212
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -30
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY -18 -393
PENDOWN
CUBIC -32 -391 -44 -404 -59 -405
CUBIC -70 -405 -79 -414 -91 -415
CUBIC -103 -416 -97 -421 -112 -424
PENUP

SETXY -150 -435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -155 -438 -161 -436 -166 -440
CUBIC -170 -443 -193 -451 -190 -456
CUBIC -191 -456 -193 -457 -194 -459
CUBIC -183 -457 -156 -441 -148 -448
SETHEADING -153
FORWARD 4
CUBIC -149 -452 -148 -453 -147 -453
CUBIC -150 -456 -153 -459 -157 -461
CUBIC -142 -457 -126 -461 -117 -473
CUBIC -123 -466 -117 -448 -106 -448
CUBIC -103 -449 -101 -446 -100 -443
CUBIC -97 -439 -91 -442 -86 -442
CUBIC -78 -441 -35 -443 -43 -458
CUBIC -50 -463 -53 -470 -42 -465
CUBIC -37 -462 -31 -464 -27 -468
CUBIC -25 -465 -31 -461 -29 -457
CUBIC -26 -455 -15 -445 -11 -449
CUBIC -8 -450 -4 -446 -0 -444
CUBIC 7 -441 15 -445 20 -439
CUBIC 34 -434 50 -445 52 -460
CUBIC 46 -465 38 -467 31 -471
CUBIC 45 -471 60 -470 72 -478
CUBIC 71 -474 58 -458 68 -459
CUBIC 73 -459 72 -451 75 -448
CUBIC 84 -442 90 -454 101 -443
CUBIC 111 -433 131 -449 133 -435
CUBIC 140 -441 147 -449 155 -455
CUBIC 165 -458 172 -465 178 -475
CUBIC 170 -460 181 -440 198 -441
CUBIC 201 -438 202 -435 201 -431
CUBIC 211 -434 221 -435 231 -435
CUBIC 233 -434 234 -438 231 -439
CUBIC 243 -437 256 -440 268 -442
CUBIC 277 -442 284 -449 291 -454
CUBIC 301 -458 313 -461 318 -471
CUBIC 319 -467 320 -464 323 -461
CUBIC 323 -454 312 -449 315 -443
CUBIC 323 -436 347 -444 358 -445
CUBIC 356 -435 377 -441 383 -440
CUBIC 377 -433 368 -430 359 -431
CUBIC 361 -430 358 -428 356 -427
CUBIC 338 -425 321 -416 304 -413
CUBIC 294 -411 283 -411 273 -409
CUBIC 252 -400 229 -402 206 -401
PENUP
</pre>

:: Eating seems a mere superfluidity with him, since for weeks at a time he may be headed up in a barrel, with a bung out, and emerged after his long fast, apparently none the worse for his enforced abstinence from food, from light, and almost from air.

<pre>
SETXY 485 -533
</pre>

: All you need to draw is a few instructions, a little turtle, and a vision in your mind.

<pre>
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 -540 550 -541 582 -536
CUBIC 583 -521 585 -500 576 -487
CUBIC 567 -477 552 -475 542 -466
CUBIC 535 -461 528 -452 518 -453
CUBIC 503 -453 492 -452 482 -464
CUBIC 479 -466 475 -462 472 -465
CUBIC 468 -456 460 -468 453 -465
CUBIC 462 -470 452 -479 445 -478
CUBIC 451 -486 444 -499 434 -498
CUBIC 438 -511 422 -517 411 -516
CUBIC 413 -539 382 -544 365 -535
CUBIC 365 -542 361 -549 354 -552
PENUP

SETXY 567 -538
PENDOWN
CUBIC 565 -546 558 -549 551 -549
PENUP

SETXY 513 -464
PENDOWN
CUBIC 503 -463 494 -473 496 -483
CUBIC 498 -493 512 -498 521 -495
CUBIC 538 -488 531 -463 513 -464
PENUP

SETXY 513 -472

PENDOWN
CUBIC 504 -474 507 -486 514 -487
CUBIC 529 -489 528 -469 513 -472
PENUP

SETXY 513 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 -481 518 -473 523 -476
PENUP

SETXY 515 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -481 519 -474 523 -478
PENUP

SETXY 516 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 514 -483 519 -476 524 -479
PENUP
</pre>

:: In the whole category of animal organisms, there is none so tenacious in life as the turtle. Injuries that would instantly be fatal even to fish leave the turtle apparently undisturbed and his power of staving off death is nothing short of marvelous.

<pre>
SETXY 517 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 516 -484 520 -479 524 -481
PENUP

SETXY 518 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 519 -484 520 -481 524 -482
PENUP

SETXY 520 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 -484 521 -483 523 -483
PENUP

SETXY 521 -475
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -470 504 -478 512 -485
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 472 -465
PENDOWN
CUBIC 449 -481 439 -513 436 -540
PENUP

SETXY 478 -467
PENDOWN
CUBIC 456 -482 446 -525 454 -549
PENUP

SETXY 464 -462
PENDOWN
CUBIC 465 -447 439 -444 428 -444
CUBIC 425 -441 421 -440 417 -442
CUBIC 411 -427 367 -425 351 -427
PENUP

SETXY 381 -438
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -430 423 -441 428 -456
CUBIC 423 -469 406 -464 407 -480

CUBIC 398 -482 390 -490 390 -500
CUBIC 360 -499 364 -499 346 -520
CUBIC 326 -519 307 -526 292 -540
CUBIC 281 -544 270 -547 259 -550
SETHEADING 11
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 389 -498
PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -502 407 -511 411 -516
PENUP
</pre>

:: Just as soon as a baby turtle emerges from the egg, off he scuttles down to the sea. He has no one to teach him, no one to guide him. In his curious little brain, there is implanted a streak of caution based upon the fact that until aged a certain period in his life his armor is soft and no defense against hungry fish, and he at once seeks shelter in the tropical profusion of the gulf weed, which holds within its branching fronds an astonishing abundance of marine life. Here the young turtle feeds unmolested while his armor undergoes the hardening process.

<pre>
SETXY 406 -480
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -482 432 -485 435 -498
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 1
PENUP
</pre>

: This is your world, your creation.

<pre>
SETXY 444 -478
PENDOWN
CUBIC 438 -470 428 -467 418 -466
PENUP

SETXY 429 -456
PENDOWN
CUBIC 437 -455 453 -456 455 -466
CUBIC 456 -466 456 -465 456 -465
PENUP

SETXY 425 -450
PENDOWN
CUBIC 426 -448 427 -445 430 -444
PENUP

SETXY 395 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 -468 373 -448 355 -445
PENUP

SETXY 360 -501
PENDOWN
CUBIC 345 -496 331 -486 321 -474
CUBIC 286 -473 243 -477 210 -489
CUBIC 206 -500 200 -510 196 -520
CUBIC 198 -534 209 -546 221 -552
PENUP

SETXY 212 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 -467 180 -476 140 -482
CUBIC 123 -485 106 -489 90 -494
CUBIC 82 -490 75 -483 70 -476
PENUP

SETXY 90 -495
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 -552 83 -530 132 -551
PENUP

SETXY 63 -550
PENDOWN
CUBIC 73 -546 82 -542 90 -537
PENUP

SETXY 30 -472
PENDOWN
CUBIC 16 -476 1 -478 -13 -484
CUBIC -27 -497 -42 -511 -52 -528
CUBIC -38 -533 -25 -541 -14 -551
PENUP

SETXY -15 -483
PENDOWN
CUBIC -18 -477 -24 -473 -29 -469
PENUP
</pre>

:: Whatever the young sea turtle eats and wherever he eats it is, facts not generally ascertained, one thing is certain, it agrees with him immensely. He leads a pleasant sort of life basking in the tropical sun and cruising leisurely in the cool depths.

<pre>
SETXY -52 -528
PENDOWN
CUBIC -75 -523 -98 -529 -120 -533
CUBIC -155 -524 -175 -522 -205 -546
PENUP

SETXY -120 -533
PENDOWN
CUBIC -121 -538 -121 -546 -119 -549
PENUP

SETXY -50 -467
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -466 -94 -479 -117 -479
CUBIC -133 -488 -162 -507 -165 -527
PENUP

SETXY -185 -533
PENDOWN
CUBIC -196 -527 -205 -516 -207 -504
CUBIC -197 -484 -177 -470 -157 -462
PENUP

SETXY -194 -459
PENDOWN
CUBIC -204 -461 -213 -468 -218 -477
CUBIC -218 -484 -207 -494 -202 -495
PENUP

SETXY -220 -477
PENDOWN
CUBIC -227 -480 -233 -484 -237 -490
PENUP

SETXY -231 -507
PENDOWN
CUBIC -223 -508 -215 -507 -208 -504
PENUP

SETXY -245 -498
PENDOWN
CUBIC -256 -505 -263 -516 -265 -528
CUBIC -255 -537 -242 -547 -227 -545
PENUP

SETXY -265 -530
PENDOWN
CUBIC -271 -531 -277 -538 -280 -544
PENUP
</pre>

:: Once he has obtained the weight of 25 pounds, which usually occurs within the first year, the turtle is free from all danger. After that, no fish or mammal, however ravenous, however well-armed with teeth, interferes with the turtle.

<pre>
SETXY -53 -429
PENDOWN
CUBIC -53 -428 -54 -427 -55 -425
PENUP

SETXY -50 -429
PENDOWN
CUBIC -50 -427 -50 -425 -50 -423
PENUP

SETXY -47 -430
PENDOWN
CUBIC -47 -428 -46 -426 -45 -425
PENUP

SETXY -44 -431
PENDOWN
CUBIC -43 -429 -42 -428 -41 -427
PENUP

SETXY 70 -428
PENDOWN
CUBIC 68 -426 66 -430 68 -431
CUBIC 70 -431 71 -429 70 -428
PENUP

SETXY 126 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 -426 124 -427 125 -428
CUBIC 126 -429 128 -427 126 -426
PENUP

SETXY 26 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 -425 26 -424 25 -422
PENUP

SETXY 29 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 29 -425 29 -421 31 -421
PENUP

SETXY 32 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 32 -426 33 -424 35 -424
PENUP

SETXY 22 -428
PENDOWN
CUBIC 22 -427 20 -426 20 -426
PENUP
</pre>

:: When once he has withdrawn his head from its position of outlook into the folds of his neck between the two shells, intending devourers may struggle to make an impression on him.

<pre>
SETXY -128 -455
PENDOWN
CUBIC -128 -449 -130 -440 -130 -435
CUBIC -136 -436 -142 -437 -148 -437
SETHEADING 35
FORWARD 22
CUBIC -139 -420 -143 -420 -146 -421
CUBIC -141 -416 -136 -411 -132 -405
CUBIC -136 -405 -140 -406 -144 -407
CUBIC -139 -402 -135 -397 -133 -391
SETHEADING -101
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -137 -389 -134 -385 -131 -381
CUBIC -133 -381 -135 -381 -137 -382
CUBIC -134 -377 -132 -371 -131 -364
CUBIC -127 -372 -123 -379 -119 -386
CUBIC -121 -386 -124 -386 -126 -385
CUBIC -123 -391 -119 -396 -114 -401
CUBIC -117 -401 -120 -401 -123 -401
CUBIC -119 -407 -114 -412 -109 -417
SETHEADING -94
FORWARD 9
SETHEADING 139
FORWARD 18
CUBIC -112 -432 -118 -433 -124 -433
SETHEADING 174
FORWARD 21
CUBIC -124 -454 -126 -455 -128 -455
PENUP

SETXY -147 -454
PENDOWN
CUBIC -146 -452 -145 -451 -143 -451
CUBIC -141 -449 -140 -447 -138 -446
PENUP

SETXY -153 -446
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 -444 -144 -446 -141 -443
PENUP
</pre>

: [the audio speeds up drastically here, and the way the words are read changes (e.g. “set exy”)]

<pre>
SETXY -110 -422
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -420 -104 -418 -101 -417
PENUP

SETXY -86 -413
PENDOWN
CUBIC -85 -411 -81 -409 -80 -412
PENUP

SETXY -53 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -400 -50 -400 -48 -402
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some neat facts courtesy of “10 Cool Facts About Turtles”, from Deutsche Welle?
:: They have been around for a really, really long time. There is a reason why turtles look a little prehistoric. The first ever specimens evolved around 260 million years ago in the late Triassic period. Shortly after their arrival, the Earth experience a mass extinction event that wiped out around 90% of all life on land. Luckily for the turtles, their burrowing and water-dwelling habits set them up for long term survival in this strange new world.

<pre>
SETXY -95 -422
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 78
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -77 -416
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -64 -411
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 81
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 255 -402
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 -400 258 -403 259 -403
PENUP

SETXY 286 -411
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [the audio now returns to its normal sane cadence and word parsing.]

<pre>
CUBIC 287 -409 290 -408 291 -410
PENUP

SETXY 323 -418
PENDOWN
CUBIC 324 -416 326 -417 327 -419
PENUP

SETXY 245 -408
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 -408 249 -408 251 -409
PENUP

SETXY 292 -416
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 100
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 310 -419
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 98
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 334 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 335 -426 336 -427 337 -427
PENUP

SETXY 200 -430
PENDOWN
CUBIC 200 -428 195 -428 195 -425
PENUP

SETXY 257 -426
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -15
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 259 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 -423 260 -420 261 -416
PENUP

SETXY 253 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 253 -426 252 -425 251 -424
PENUP

SETXY 262 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 262 -425 263 -423 264 -423
PENUP

SETXY 211 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 210 -424 210 -422 210 -422
PENUP

SETXY 213 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 213 -423 212 -420 214 -418
PENUP

SETXY 214 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 215 -424 216 -422 217 -422
PENUP

SETXY 208 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 208 -425 207 -424 207 -425
PENUP

SETXY 230 -401
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 18
FORWARD 17
CUBIC 237 -391 238 -396 240 -402
PENUP

SETXY 236 -386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 236 -382 236 -378 237 -374
PENUP

SETXY 228 -388
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -383 233 -378 236 -373
CUBIC 239 -378 240 -383 241 -389
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have one of the longest lifespans in the animal kingdom. While a turtle’s lifespan largely depends on the species, almost all of them have the potential to live to a ripe old age. A typical pet turtle can make it to anywhere between 10 and 80 years, while larger species often keep going for more than 100 years. Because it’s so difficult to accurately measure age over a century, researchers think some turtles could even be hundreds of years old.

<pre>
SETXY 233 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -365 237 -369 242 -367
CUBIC 243 -370 240 -375 241 -377
CUBIC 242 -377 242 -377 243 -377
CUBIC 248 -379 244 -370 246 -367
CUBIC 248 -361 243 -356 237 -357
CUBIC 223 -358 227 -381 241 -372
PENUP

SETXY 231 -374
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -165
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 232 -377 233 -377 235 -378
CUBIC 237 -377 239 -378 242 -378
PENUP

SETXY 65 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 65 53 64 54 63 55
PENUP

SETXY 68 53
PENDOWN
CUBIC 67 55 67 58 65 60
PENUP

SETXY 70 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 56 71 60 73 64
PENUP

SETXY 73 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 74 54 76 56 78 57
PENUP

SETXY -280 -252
PENDOWN
CUBIC -282 -235 -282 -218 -282 -201
PENUP

SETXY -73 -167
PENDOWN
CUBIC -72 -169 -66 -167 -65 -165
CUBIC -64 -163 -62 -163 -61 -162
PENUP

SETXY -33 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC -28 -163 -24 -157 -24 -159
PENUP

SETXY -107 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -180 -104 -181 -103 -182
CUBIC -97 -183 -87 -183 -85 -176
CUBIC -81 -174 -77 -175 -74 -172
CUBIC -74 -170 -72 -168 -70 -168
CUBIC -62 -167 -66 -161 -57 -162
CUBIC -55 -161 -54 -158 -52 -157
CUBIC -49 -156 -47 -144 -45 -153
PENUP
</pre>

: See how easy it is to create a tree in your little world.

<pre>
SETXY -11 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 -162 -0 -154 7 -157
CUBIC 8 -156 8 -158 10 -158
CUBIC 11 -158 15 -158 14 -157
CUBIC 14 -157 14 -157 14 -157
PENUP

SETXY 47 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 49 -161 51 -162 52 -161
CUBIC 54 -159 57 -162 60 -162
PENUP

SETXY 70 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 68 -167 72 -163 73 -165
CUBIC 75 -163 75 -163 73 -162
CUBIC 73 -162 74 -162 74 -162
PENUP

SETXY 137 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 135 -180 141 -181 140 -178
PENUP

SETXY 155 -186
PENDOWN
CUBIC 155 -186 154 -188 154 -189
CUBIC 155 -190 159 -189 158 -188
PENUP

SETXY 123 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 124 -178 127 -176 129 -177
CUBIC 131 -178 135 -177 138 -176
PENUP

SETXY 173 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 178 -190 186 -193 188 -188
CUBIC 199 -184 201 -173 210 -182
CUBIC 211 -185 213 -183 215 -183
CUBIC 215 -185 218 -183 219 -184
CUBIC 227 -188 233 -176 241 -180
SETHEADING -112
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 244 -180 247 -176 245 -173
CUBIC 245 -170 249 -169 251 -168

CUBIC 252 -166 252 -165 254 -165
CUBIC 260 -163 266 -161 272 -159
PENUP
</pre>

:: They come in all shapes and sizes. There are currently 356 known species of turtles. As a rule, they are all reptiles with a hard cartilage shell. But that is about where the similarities end. There are sea turtles, leatherback turtles, snapping turtles, pond turtles, soft-shelled turtles - and of course, tortoises...

<pre>
SETXY 330 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 332 -155 334 -156 336 -156
CUBIC 337 -156 338 -155 339 -155
CUBIC 340 -156 341 -156 342 -156
CUBIC 343 -158 344 -156 345 -157
CUBIC 345 -157 346 -157 346 -157
CUBIC 346 -157 346 -158 346 -158
PENUP

SETXY 365 -153
PENDOWN
CUBIC 367 -147 376 -148 381 -144
CUBIC 382 -146 384 -144 385 -145
CUBIC 387 -147 389 -145 391 -147
CUBIC 393 -148 397 -144 399 -146
CUBIC 400 -148 402 -147 404 -147
SETHEADING -176
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 404 -149 406 -149 406 -148
PENUP

SETXY 460 -146
PENDOWN
</pre>

: It is your creation. You can do anything you want to do.

<pre>
CUBIC 461 -143 464 -142 467 -141
CUBIC 468 -140 470 -138 472 -138
CUBIC 473 -138 474 -138 474 -138
SETHEADING 15
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 481 -130
PENDOWN
CUBIC 484 -124 489 -121 495 -120
CUBIC 496 -118 497 -117 499 -118
CUBIC 500 -119 502 -117 503 -119
CUBIC 505 -121 508 -119 510 -120
PENUP

SETXY 525 -119
PENDOWN
CUBIC 527 -117 528 -114 532 -116
CUBIC 532 -116 533 -115 534 -116
CUBIC 534 -115 535 -115 536 -115
CUBIC 537 -115 538 -114 538 -114
PENUP

SETXY 552 -109
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 164
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 552 -103 561 -103 564 -98
PENUP

SETXY 43 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 42 -168 43 -178 47 -186
PENUP

SETXY 62 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 62 -168 60 -175 64 -181
CUBIC 65 -185 62 -190 64 -195
PENUP

SETXY 54 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 53 -161 55 -178 57 -180
PENUP

SETXY 83 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC 84 -166 81 -169 81 -173
CUBIC 83 -179 80 -184 82 -186
PENUP

SETXY 87 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 86 -165 86 -167 87 -171
CUBIC 88 -174 87 -180 88 -183
PENUP

SETXY 92 -168
PENDOWN
CUBIC 91 -172 91 -176 93 -179
PENUP

SETXY 98 -170
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 28
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 98 -173 100 -177 98 -180
CUBIC 97 -181 99 -181 100 -181
PENUP
</pre>

:: Not all turtles are tortoises, but all tortoises are turtles. Yes, technically all tortoises are in fact turtles. They belong to the Testudines family which includes reptiles whose bodies are protected by a bony outer shell. But the main difference between turtles and tortoises is that tortoises live exclusively on land, while most turtles live in or near water.

<pre>
SETXY 95 -169
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 90 -165
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 -166 89 -168 90 -170
PENUP

SETXY 84 -162
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -173
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 78 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 77 -164 76 -167 77 -169
PENUP

SETXY 66 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 66 -163 64 -169 67 -169
PENUP

SETXY 109 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 109 -183 110 -185 111 -186
PENUP

SETXY 113 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC 113 -185 114 -187 114 -189
PENUP

SETXY 124 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 -179 123 -183 124 -185
PENUP

SETXY 129 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC 129 -184 129 -189 128 -193
PENUP

SETXY 148 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 147 -184 147 -186 147 -188
PENUP

SETXY 172 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 -199 169 -208 163 -215
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some turtles are vegetarians, while others are carnivorous. Most turtles are actually omnivores, but a few species are more picky when it comes to their diet. Most tortoises are happy to munch on leafy greens or fruit. Not so for the fearsome-looking alligator turtle, which is almost entirely carnivorous and feeds on anything from fish to small mammals that venture too close to the water’s edge.

<pre>
SETXY 178 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 178 -195 177 -197 176 -199
PENUP

SETXY 162 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 162 -190 161 -192 160 -193
PENUP

SETXY 271 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 272 -162 271 -163 274 -164
CUBIC 274 -165 273 -168 275 -168
PENUP

SETXY 280 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 280 -159 282 -161 281 -162
PENUP

SETXY 287 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC 288 -155 289 -158 288 -161
PENUP

SETXY 292 -159
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -136
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 291 -159 292 -159 292 -158
CUBIC 292 -157 291 -156 291 -155
CUBIC 290 -154 291 -152 290 -151
CUBIC 291 -152 292 -153 292 -154
CUBIC 292 -155 293 -156 294 -157
CUBIC 293 -158 293 -159 294 -160
CUBIC 294 -161 294 -162 294 -164
CUBIC 294 -164 295 -166 294 -167
PENUP

SETXY 284 -155
PENDOWN
CUBIC 283 -156 284 -158 284 -159
PENUP

SETXY 276 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 276 -160 276 -160 277 -161
PENUP

SETXY 308 -154
PENDOWN
CUBIC 307 -155 305 -157 304 -157
CUBIC 303 -158 302 -160 301 -161
PENUP

SETXY 312 -157
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 80
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 310 -161 302 -162 303 -165
PENUP

SETXY 317 -158
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 326 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 326 -161 322 -164 320 -167
CUBIC 319 -169 316 -170 315 -172
PENUP
</pre>

:: All species lay their eggs on land. When they are ready to lay their eggs, even water-dwelling turtles will dig their nests in the sands or the earth near their habitat. But they are not the nurturing type. No species of turtle sticks around to raise their young. When the babies hatch, they are on their own.

<pre>
SETXY 309 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 307 -178 305 -181 304 -183
PENUP

SETXY 300 -164
PENDOWN
CUBIC 298 -165 297 -167 296 -168
PENUP

SETXY 310 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 309 -157 307 -158 306 -159
PENUP

SETXY 410 -171
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -168 417 -164 419 -159
PENUP

SETXY 427 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 427 -157 424 -163 425 -164
CUBIC 425 -166 422 -167 421 -169
CUBIC 421 -171 420 -173 418 -173
PENUP

SETXY 435 -155
PENDOWN
CUBIC 437 -156 434 -158 434 -160
CUBIC 435 -161 433 -163 433 -163
PENUP

SETXY 417 -158
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 411 -161 413 -166 403 -170
PENUP
</pre>

:: A turtle’s gender is determined by temperature. Like crocodiles and alligators, a turtle’s gender is determined after fertilization. If a turtle’s eggs incubate below 27.7 degrees Celsius, the hatchlings will be male. But if the eggs incubate above 31 degrees, they will be female. If the temperature is somewhere in between, or fluctuates, a mix of male and female babies will hatch. As oceans warm, turtles tend to give birth to more females.

<pre>
SETXY 432 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 431 -158 430 -159 430 -161
PENUP

SETXY 424 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 423 -158 422 -159 422 -160
PENUP

SETXY 440 -152
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -167
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 455 -147
PENDOWN
CUBIC 456 -151 453 -154 450 -156
PENUP

SETXY 495 -120
PENDOWN
CUBIC 491 -123 487 -128 482 -132
PENUP

SETXY 505 -120
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 6
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 502 -122 499 -126 496 -130
PENUP

SETXY 500 -119
PENDOWN
CUBIC 497 -121 494 -124 493 -128
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have an amazing sense of direction. Sea turtles are known for their amazing ability to return to the exact beach where they were born years later. Like many animals, turtles can navigate their way at sea by sensing the individual lines of the magnetic field. But they can also remember the magnetic signature of coastlines and sense tiny variations in magnetic fields, allowing them to guide themselves home.

<pre>
SETXY 479 -135
PENDOWN
CUBIC 476 -138 473 -142 469 -143
CUBIC 467 -143 466 -144 465 -145
CUBIC 463 -146 461 -147 461 -149
PENUP

SETXY 481 -136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 477 -140 472 -143 469 -148
PENUP

SETXY 503 -120
PENDOWN
CUBIC 501 -122 499 -123 498 -126
PENUP

SETXY 499 -118
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 489 -122
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 488 -123 486 -125 485 -127
CUBIC 485 -127 485 -127 486 -127
PENUP

SETXY 510 -122
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 33
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 508 -122 507 -125 506 -127
SETHEADING 57
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 514 -124
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -125 511 -128 508 -129
CUBIC 508 -129 508 -129 508 -129
PENUP

SETXY 529 -122
PENDOWN
CUBIC 528 -125 526 -127 523 -128
PENUP

SETXY 517 -133
PENDOWN
CUBIC 509 -141 502 -149 493 -156
PENUP

SETXY 492 -159
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 522 -132
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 51
FORWARD 14
PENUP

SETXY 535 -121
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 -118 539 -116 541 -115
PENUP

SETXY 535 -114
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 -116 532 -117 531 -118
PENUP

SETXY 531 -116
PENDOWN
CUBIC 530 -115 525 -123 526 -123
PENUP

SETXY 516 -127
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 -128 514 -129 513 -130
PENUP

SETXY 521 -126
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 -127 519 -128 518 -129
PENUP

SETXY 416 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -160 417 -159 418 -158
PENUP

SETXY -108 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -186 -104 -188 -102 -191
PENUP
</pre>

:: And excellent vision, too. Turtles have strong underwater eyesight. Researchers have discovered that they can see a range of different colors and even prefer some colors to others. Although sea turtles are famous for their internal GPS, there is evidence to suggest they do not see very well on land.

<pre>
SETXY -104 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 -183 -103 -185 -100 -186
CUBIC -98 -188 -96 -188 -96 -191
CUBIC -94 -192 -91 -195 -88 -194
PENUP

SETXY -97 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -95 -185 -92 -188 -88 -189
PENUP

SETXY -90 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC -89 -183 -87 -185 -84 -187
PENUP

SETXY -85 -179
PENDOWN
CUBIC -84 -181 -81 -184 -79 -185
PENUP

SETXY -81 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC -79 -179 -76 -180 -73 -182
CUBIC -71 -186 -69 -185 -66 -186
CUBIC -65 -187 -64 -189 -63 -190
CUBIC -62 -190 -59 -188 -58 -190
PENUP

SETXY -73 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -171 -72 -172 -71 -172
PENUP

SETXY -49 -153
PENDOWN
CUBIC -49 -160 -43 -168 -38 -170
PENUP

SETXY -56 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -55 -163 -54 -166 -51 -168
PENUP

SETXY -46 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC -46 -154 -45 -159 -42 -160
PENUP

SETXY -53 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -160 -51 -162 -51 -163
PENUP

SETXY -62 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC -62 -164 -61 -166 -59 -167
PENUP
</pre>

:: Many species are endangered. Having survived for millions of years, six out of seven turtle species are classified as threatened or endangered as a result of human activity. Every year thousands become trapped in commercial trawl nets while in some parts of the world they are killed for their eggs, meat and shells.

<pre>
SETXY -105 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 -194 -97 -195 -94 -198
PENUP

SETXY -87 -200
PENDOWN
CUBIC -82 -201 -75 -201 -71 -205
PENUP

SETXY -60 -213
PENDOWN
CUBIC -57 -217 -55 -221 -50 -221
CUBIC -48 -222 -48 -223 -46 -222
CUBIC -44 -222 -43 -224 -42 -225
CUBIC -40 -227 -35 -225 -34 -229
PENUP

SETXY -75 -194
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -196 -72 -196 -69 -196
PENUP

SETXY -106 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -106 -183 -104 -187 -102 -187
PENUP

SETXY -94 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC -94 -182 -94 -182 -94 -182
CUBIC -92 -184 -92 -184 -91 -184
PENUP

SETXY -87 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC -87 -181 -87 -180 -86 -181
PENUP

SETXY -83 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC -83 -177 -82 -178 -81 -179
PENUP

SETXY -77 -174
PENDOWN
CUBIC -77 -175 -76 -176 -75 -177
PENUP

SETXY -69 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -69 -169 -68 -170 -67 -171
PENUP

SETXY -40 -172
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 129
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY -30 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC -27 -182 -25 -188 -20 -189
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some interesting facts from turtle facts by Alina Bradford, writing for livescience.com?
:: Turtles are reptiles with hard shells that protect them from predators. They are among the oldest and most primitive groups of reptiles, having evolved millions of years ago. Turtles live all over the world in almost every type of climate.

<pre>
SETXY -16 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 -190 -14 -191 -13 -191
CUBIC -11 -193 -8 -193 -6 -195
PENUP

SETXY 272 -173
PENDOWN
CUBIC 273 -177 268 -179 266 -180
PENUP

SETXY 263 -185
PENDOWN
CUBIC 262 -187 262 -189 261 -191
PENUP

SETXY 174 -230
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -168
FORWARD 13
PENUP

SETXY 170 -249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 168 -257 171 -255 172 -261
PENUP

SETXY 172 -271
PENDOWN
CUBIC 173 -277 169 -282 172 -287
PENUP

SETXY 173 -292
PENDOWN
CUBIC 174 -294 176 -295 177 -295
PENUP

SETXY 182 -235
PENDOWN
CUBIC 182 -232 185 -228 188 -229
CUBIC 194 -227 199 -221 205 -219
PENUP

SETXY 212 -281
PENDOWN
CUBIC 216 -279 220 -281 225 -281
CUBIC 234 -280 239 -269 248 -269
CUBIC 254 -270 260 -266 265 -264
CUBIC 265 -265 266 -265 266 -264
PENUP
</pre>

:: According to the integrated taxonomic information system, the turtle order Testudines or Chelonia splits into two sub orders, Cryptodira, and Pleurodira, and then further splits into 13 families, 75 genera and more than 300 species.

<pre>
SETXY 209 -267
PENDOWN
CUBIC 213 -263 220 -266 225 -265
PENUP

SETXY 231 -264
PENDOWN
CUBIC 237 -261 244 -259 250 -256
CUBIC 252 -253 255 -251 259 -249
CUBIC 265 -243 278 -247 284 -240
PENUP

SETXY 308 -232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 312 -230 315 -227 319 -226
PENUP

SETXY 356 -225
PENDOWN
CUBIC 360 -224 365 -221 369 -220
CUBIC 372 -219 375 -220 377 -218
PENUP

SETXY 384 -215
</pre>

: They say everything looks better with odd values for things but sometimes I put even values just to upset the interpreter.

<pre>
PENDOWN
CUBIC 392 -208 405 -211 413 -205
CUBIC 415 -203 418 -204 420 -203
CUBIC 426 -202 429 -196 435 -196
PENUP

SETXY 443 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 453 -184 462 -178 472 -172
PENUP

SETXY -193 200
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -175
FORWARD 0
CUBIC -193 200 -193 201 -192 201
CUBIC -191 206 -190 208 -196 209
CUBIC -197 206 -197 203 -198 200
CUBIC -197 200 -195 200 -194 199
CUBIC -193 202 -193 205 -192 207
PENUP

SETXY -190 208
PENDOWN
CUBIC -190 208 -191 208 -191 208
CUBIC -191 207 -192 205 -190 205
CUBIC -191 209 -188 207 -190 205
PENUP

SETXY -192 205
PENDOWN
CUBIC -192 205 -192 204 -192 203
CUBIC -192 203 -191 203 -191 203
CUBIC -192 205 -189 205 -191 203
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -191 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC -192 202 -192 203 -192 202
CUBIC -193 201 -193 200 -192 200
CUBIC -192 203 -190 202 -192 200
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtle, tortoise and terrapins are often used interchangeably as synonyms, but there are distinct differences between the types of Chelonians, according to the San Diego Zoo.

<pre>
SETXY -196 209
PENDOWN
CUBIC -197 210 -198 206 -197 206
PENUP

SETXY -197 205
PENDOWN
CUBIC -198 207 -199 203 -198 203
PENUP

SETXY -198 203
PENDOWN
CUBIC -199 203 -199 200 -198 200
PENUP

SETXY -195 209
PENDOWN
CUBIC -195 210 -195 211 -193 210
CUBIC -193 210 -193 210 -193 210
CUBIC -193 210 -193 209 -193 208
PENUP

SETXY 390 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC 391 -347 393 -343 396 -339
CUBIC 392 -338 389 -336 385 -335
CUBIC 382 -350 378 -347 390 -351
PENUP

SETXY 383 -281
PENDOWN
CUBIC 375 -324 436 -325 443 -288
CUBIC 455 -253 403 -236 387 -267
CUBIC 378 -288 382 -313 384 -335
PENUP

SETXY 396 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -329 421 -318 433 -307
PENUP

SETXY 387 -335
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 -318 393 -301 396 -284
PENUP

SETXY 392 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -336 397 -333 399 -330
CUBIC 408 -318 420 -309 427 -295
PENUP

SETXY 384 -275
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 -290 421 -292 440 -298
PENUP

SETXY 388 -267
PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -270 405 -276 414 -279
CUBIC 424 -282 434 -286 443 -292
PENUP

SETXY 392 -333
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 -332 393 -328 394 -329
CUBIC 396 -331 400 -330 400 -327
CUBIC 397 -322 389 -327 392 -332
CUBIC 394 -338 402 -333 400 -328
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles spend most of their lives in water. They are adapted for aquatic life with webbed feet or flippers in a streamlined body. Sea turtles rarely leave the ocean except to lay eggs in the sand. Freshwater turtles live in ponds and lakes and they climb out of the water onto logs or rocks to bask in the warm sun.

<pre>
SETXY 393 -325
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 -324 392 -324 391 -324
CUBIC 389 -326 391 -329 389 -331
CUBIC 389 -332 391 -330 391 -330
PENUP

SETXY 400 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 -337 395 -335 393 -334
CUBIC 392 -335 392 -336 391 -337
PENUP

SETXY 393 -334
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 -336 395 -337 396 -338
CUBIC 397 -338 398 -339 399 -339
PENUP

SETXY 394 -338
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 139
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 395 -338 395 -338 395 -338
PENUP

SETXY 395 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -339 395 -339 395 -339
PENUP

SETXY 396 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 -339 396 -339 396 -339
PENUP

SETXY 397 -340
PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -340 397 -340 397 -340
PENUP

SETXY 398 -340
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 -340 398 -340 398 -340
PENUP
</pre>

:: Tortoises are land animals, their feet are round and stumpy adapted for walking on land. They also dig burrows with their strong forelimbs and slip underground when the sun gets too hot. Terrapins live on land and in water usually in swamps, ponds, lakes and rivers.

<pre>
SETXY 399 -340
PENDOWN
CUBIC 399 -340 399 -340 399 -339
PENUP

SETXY 400 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 400 -339 400 -339 400 -339
PENUP

SETXY 400 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 400 -338 401 -338 401 -338
PENUP

SETXY 401 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 402 -338 402 -338 402 -338
PENUP

SETXY 403 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 403 -338 403 -338 403 -338
PENUP

SETXY 404 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 -338 404 -338 404 -338
PENUP

SETXY 404 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 -339 405 -339 405 -339
PENUP

SETXY 405 -340
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 -340 405 -340 405 -340
PENUP

SETXY 405 -341
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 -341 405 -341 405 -342
PENUP

SETXY 405 -342
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 -342 405 -343 405 -343
PENUP

SETXY 406 -343
PENDOWN
CUBIC 406 -343 406 -344 406 -344
PENUP

SETXY 407 -344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 407 -344 407 -344 407 -344
PENUP

SETXY 408 -344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -344 408 -344 408 -344
PENUP
</pre>

:: With so many different types of turtle, there is no average size. The largest sea turtle species is the leatherback turtle. It weighs 600 to 1500 pounds and is about 4.5 to 5 and a quarter feet long. According to the World Wildlife Federation, the Galapagos tortoise grows up to six feet long and 573 pounds. According to the San Diego Zoo, the largest freshwater turtle in North America is the alligator snapping turtle. It can grow to 2.5 feet long and weigh as much as 200 pounds. The Yangtze giant softshell turtle is the largest softshell turtle. It measures up to 3.6 feet across and weighs up to 309 pounds.

<pre>
SETXY 409 -344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -344 409 -344 409 -344
PENUP

SETXY 410 -344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -343 410 -343 410 -343
PENUP

SETXY 410 -342
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -342 410 -342 410 -342
PENUP

SETXY 409 -342
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -341 409 -342 409 -342
PENUP

SETXY 408 -342
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -343 408 -343 408 -344
PENUP

SETXY 409 -345
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 155
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 409 -346
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 160
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 410 -347
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -347 410 -347 410 -347
PENUP

SETXY 410 -348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -348 410 -348 410 -348
PENUP

SETXY 410 -349
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -150
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 409 -350
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -350 409 -350 408 -351
PENUP

SETXY 408 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -351 408 -351 407 -351
PENUP

SETXY 407 -352
PENDOWN
CUBIC 407 -352 406 -352 406 -352
PENUP

SETXY 406 -353
PENDOWN
CUBIC 406 -353 406 -353 406 -353
PENUP

SETXY 406 -354
PENDOWN
CUBIC 406 -354 406 -354 406 -354
PENUP

SETXY 406 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC 406 -355 406 -355 407 -355
PENUP

SETXY 407 -356
PENDOWN
CUBIC 407 -356 407 -356 407 -356
PENUP

SETXY 408 -357
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -357 408 -357 408 -357
PENUP

SETXY 409 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -358 409 -358 409 -358
PENUP

SETXY 409 -359
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 175
FORWARD 1
PENUP
</pre>

:: A turtle’s shell is a modified rib cage and part of its vertebral column, according to the Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan. The top part of the shell is called the carapace and the bottom is called the plastering. According to the San Diego Zoo, the shell is made up of about 60 bones that are covered by plates called scoots. Scoots are made of keratin, the same material that makes up humans’ fingernails.

<pre>
SETXY 409 -360
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -360 409 -360 409 -360
PENUP

SETXY 409 -361
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -361 409 -362 409 -362
PENUP

SETXY 409 -362
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -363 409 -363 409 -363
PENUP

SETXY 410 -363
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 411 -364
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 119
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 411 -366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 412 -367 414 -367 414 -365
CUBIC 414 -363 410 -363 411 -366
PENUP

SETXY 414 -367
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -369 419 -372 421 -375
PENUP

SETXY 424 -368
PENDOWN
CUBIC 425 -368 425 -368 425 -368
CUBIC 424 -373 419 -378 413 -379
CUBIC 413 -379 414 -378 414 -378
SETHEADING -146
FORWARD 0
PENUP
</pre>

: Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote that “All the thoughts of a turtle are turtles and of a rabbit rabbits.” So let’s try to think like a turtle!

<pre>
SETXY 417 -373
PENDOWN
CUBIC 418 -372 419 -371 419 -370
PENUP

SETXY 425 -368
PENDOWN
CUBIC 424 -374 419 -378 413 -379
PENUP
</pre>

:: Many turtles are able to retract their heads and feet into their shells. Turtles are placed into two sub orders based on the method of retraction. According to the Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan, Pleurodirs pull their heads in sideways, Cryptodirs draw their heads straight back into the shell. Sea turtles have lost the ability to retract their heads.

<pre>
SETXY 425 -369
PENDOWN
CUBIC 425 -375 419 -378 414 -379
PENUP

SETXY 426 -370
PENDOWN
CUBIC 424 -375 420 -379 414 -379
PENUP

SETXY 414 -367
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -370 418 -373 421 -376
PENUP

SETXY 414 -367
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -370 419 -372 422 -375
PENUP

SETXY 413 -364
PENDOWN
CUBIC 412 -364 412 -366 413 -366
CUBIC 414 -366 414 -365 413 -364
PENUP

SETXY 284 431
PENDOWN
CUBIC 283 430 285 428 285 430
CUBIC 285 430 285 431 284 431
PENUP

SETXY 300 444
PENDOWN
CUBIC 299 444 299 442 300 443
CUBIC 301 443 300 445 299 444
PENUP

SETXY 299 420
PENDOWN
CUBIC 298 420 299 419 299 419
CUBIC 300 420 299 421 299 420
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles are very adaptive and can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Most turtle species are found in southeastern North America and south Asia. Only five species live in Europe, according to Drs. Foster and Smith, a veterinarian business based in Wisconsin.

<pre>
SETXY 313 425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 311 425 311 424 313 424
CUBIC 313 424 313 426 312 425
PENUP

SETXY 286 432
PENDOWN
CUBIC 290 435 294 439 298 442
PENUP

SETXY 286 429
PENDOWN
CUBIC 290 426 293 424 297 421
PENUP

SETXY 301 420
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 11
PENUP

SETXY 300 441
PENDOWN
CUBIC 299 435 299 428 299 422
PENUP

SETXY 301 442
PENDOWN
CUBIC 305 437 309 432 312 426
PENUP

SETXY 286 430
PENDOWN
CUBIC 290 429 294 429 298 428
PENUP

SETXY 300 428
PENDOWN
CUBIC 304 427 307 427 310 426
PENUP
</pre>

:: Sea turtles can be found in the Coral Triangle, an area that includes the waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea; coastal east Africa, the meso-American reef in the Caribbean, the Galapagos Islands and the Gulf of California.

<pre>
SETXY -50 435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -51 435 -51 434 -50 434
CUBIC -49 434 -49 435 -50 435
PENUP

SETXY -41 439
PENDOWN
CUBIC -43 439 -42 437 -41 437
CUBIC -40 437 -40 440 -42 439
PENUP

SETXY -31 437
PENDOWN
CUBIC -33 436 -31 435 -30 436
CUBIC -30 436 -31 437 -32 437
PENUP

SETXY -48 435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -47 436 -44 437 -43 437
PENUP

SETXY -39 437
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 97
FORWARD 5
PENUP
</pre>

: Hey, what do you get if you cross a turtle with a giraffe? A turtleneck!

<pre>
SETXY -29 436
PENDOWN
CUBIC -27 435 -25 435 -24 434
PENUP

SETXY -22 434
PENDOWN
CUBIC -23 435 -23 432 -22 432
CUBIC -21 432 -21 434 -22 434
PENUP

SETXY -22 431
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -176
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY -23 423
PENDOWN
CUBIC -25 424 -24 420 -23 422
CUBIC -22 422 -23 423 -23 423
PENUP

SETXY -21 422
PENDOWN
CUBIC -19 422 -16 421 -13 421
PENUP

SETXY -11 421
PENDOWN
CUBIC -12 422 -12 420 -12 420
CUBIC -11 419 -10 422 -12 421
PENUP

SETXY -10 422
PENDOWN
CUBIC -9 424 -7 427 -5 429
PENUP

SETXY -4 432
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 432 -6 430 -5 430
CUBIC -4 430 -3 431 -4 432
PENUP
</pre>

:: The african helmeted turtle is the most common turtle in Africa, according to Animal Planet. It is a hunter scavenger that eats young birds and small mammals. It steals bait from fishermen’s hooks. It also releases a foul smelling liquid from glands in its legs.

<pre>
SETXY -49 436
PENDOWN
CUBIC -46 438 -44 439 -41 440
PENUP

SETXY -40 441
PENDOWN
CUBIC -40 439 -37 441 -39 442
CUBIC -40 443 -40 442 -40 441
PENUP
</pre>

:: Roti Island snake-necked turtles are found only on Roti Island, a 62 square mile island in Indonesia, according to the San Diego Zoo.

<pre>
SETXY -37 441
PENDOWN
CUBIC -35 441 -33 441 -30 441
PENUP

SETXY -29 442
PENDOWN
CUBIC -31 441 -28 439 -28 441
CUBIC -27 441 -28 442 -29 442
PENUP

SETXY -27 441
PENDOWN
CUBIC -25 440 -22 439 -20 438
PENUP

SETXY -18 438
PENDOWN
CUBIC -20 437 -18 435 -17 437
CUBIC -17 438 -18 438 -18 438
PENUP

SETXY -18 435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -18 433 -18 430 -18 428
PENUP

SETXY -19 426
PENDOWN
CUBIC -19 424 -16 425 -17 427
CUBIC -18 427 -19 426 -19 426
PENUP

SETXY -13 426
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 425 -12 424 -11 424
CUBIC -10 425 -12 427 -13 426
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles are not social creatures. While they typically don’t mind if there are other turtles around them, they don’t interact or socialize, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. Most turtles are active during the day, spending their time foraging for food.

<pre>
SETXY -16 425
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 426 -15 425 -14 426
PENUP

SETXY -11 427
PENDOWN
CUBIC -10 429 -8 431 -7 433
PENUP

SETXY -7 435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -7 434 -5 433 -5 435
CUBIC -5 436 -7 436 -7 435
PENUP

SETXY -4 444
PENDOWN
CUBIC -2 425 9 450 -0 453
CUBIC -4 452 -4 447 -4 444
PENUP

SETXY 1 453
PENDOWN
CUBIC 12 452 9 437 -1 437
PENUP

SETXY -2 452
PENDOWN
CUBIC -2 450 -1 448 -1 445
CUBIC 0 445 1 443 2 443
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles are not silent creatures. Some sound like electric motors, some sound like belching humans, and some bark like dogs. The red-footed tortoise from South America clucks like a chicken.

<pre>
SETXY 2 451
PENDOWN
CUBIC 0 448 -1 445 -4 443
PENUP

SETXY -1 437
PENDOWN
CUBIC -1 440 -1 443 -1 446
PENUP

SETXY -4 448
PENDOWN
CUBIC -3 447 -2 446 -1 445
CUBIC 1 446 2 447 3 447
PENUP

SETXY 0 453
PENDOWN
CUBIC -1 448 -1 444 1 440
PENUP

SETXY -3 439
PENDOWN
CUBIC -2 441 -2 443 -1 445
PENUP

SETXY -16 437
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 436 -11 436 -8 436
PENUP

SETXY 250 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC 250 381 250 382 249 383
CUBIC 250 382 251 382 252 382
SETHEADING -50
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 249 383
PENDOWN
CUBIC 249 383 248 384 248 384
PENUP

SETXY 246 386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 245 387 245 384 246 384
CUBIC 248 384 248 387 246 386
PENUP

SETXY 248 381
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 384 248 384 250 385
PENUP

SETXY -192 282
PENDOWN
CUBIC -197 278 -196 272 -199 268
PENUP

SETXY -204 261
PENDOWN
CUBIC -206 257 -206 252 -209 249
CUBIC -211 245 -211 240 -213 236
PENUP

SETXY -214 225
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 223 -214 221 -214 219
CUBIC -216 221 -215 223 -214 224
PENUP

SETXY -213 166
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 163 -212 161 -212 159
CUBIC -212 159 -212 158 -211 158
CUBIC -209 157 -211 154 -209 152
PENUP

SETXY -218 207
PENDOWN
CUBIC -216 202 -219 197 -217 192
CUBIC -218 189 -219 185 -217 182
PENUP

SETXY -209 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC -207 143 -205 140 -204 137
CUBIC -202 133 -202 126 -199 126
PENUP

SETXY 108 192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 107 187 107 182 107 177
PENUP
</pre>

:: Most turtles are omnivores. They eat a variety of different things depending on their species. Musk turtles eat molluscs, plants, small fish, and insects. The Cooter turtle is mostly vegetarian and the green sea turtle only eats grasses and algae.

<pre>
SETXY 94 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 129 88 120 83 117
SETHEADING -171
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 105 232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 104 230 105 228 106 226
PENUP

SETXY 61 312
PENDOWN
CUBIC 61 309 65 308 65 306
CUBIC 65 305 65 305 66 305
CUBIC 67 306 68 304 68 303
CUBIC 68 303 69 302 69 302
CUBIC 70 301 70 300 71 300
PENUP

SETXY 2 354
PENDOWN
CUBIC 4 352 8 348 11 348
CUBIC 11 348 11 348 12 348
CUBIC 12 348 13 348 14 348
CUBIC 14 346 16 347 17 346
PENUP
</pre>

: I read in the L.A. Times this morning that 42,000 Mazda cars were recalled because of a spider problem. Really makes you think doesn’t it?

<pre>
SETXY 358 327
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 326 360 326 360 327
CUBIC 361 329 358 329 358 327
PENUP

SETXY 346 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 345 337 346 335 347 335
CUBIC 349 336 347 340 346 338
PENUP

SETXY 364 348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 364 347 365 347 366 348
CUBIC 367 350 364 350 364 348
PENUP

SETXY 353 347
PENDOWN
CUBIC 353 346 354 347 354 348
CUBIC 354 349 352 349 353 347
PENUP

SETXY 385 359
PENDOWN
CUBIC 386 359 387 362 385 362
CUBIC 384 361 384 360 385 359
PENUP

SETXY 420 375
PENDOWN
CUBIC 420 374 421 373 422 374
CUBIC 424 375 421 376 420 375
PENUP
</pre>

:: The alligator snapping turtle lures in fish with its tongue which looks like a worm. It wiggles its tongue to attract a hungry fish and then snaps down on it with its strong jaw. It also eats aquatic plants, snakes, frogs, fish, worms, clams, crayfish and other turtles.

<pre>
SETXY 402 386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 401 384 402 384 403 385
CUBIC 404 386 402 387 402 386
PENUP

SETXY 394 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 378 397 381 395 382
CUBIC 394 382 393 380 394 379
PENUP

SETXY 394 416
PENDOWN
CUBIC 394 414 396 415 396 416
CUBIC 395 418 393 417 394 416
PENUP

SETXY 392 393
PENDOWN
CUBIC 392 391 394 390 394 392
CUBIC 395 394 392 395 392 393
PENUP

SETXY 380 401
PENDOWN
CUBIC 380 399 382 400 382 400
CUBIC 384 403 380 404 380 401
PENUP

SETXY 402 411
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 409 405 412 403 413
CUBIC 402 413 402 412 402 411
PENUP
</pre>

:: All turtles lay eggs. They find a place on land to lay their eggs, dig a nest into the sand or dirt and then walk away. No species of turtle nurtures their young.

<pre>
SETXY 368 403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 368 401 371 402 371 403
CUBIC 371 405 368 405 368 403
PENUP

SETXY 370 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 369 416 369 414 370 414
CUBIC 372 415 371 417 370 417
PENUP

SETXY 351 427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 351 425 353 426 353 427
CUBIC 353 428 350 428 351 427
PENUP

SETXY 346 391
PENDOWN
CUBIC 346 390 349 392 348 393
CUBIC 347 394 345 393 346 391
PENUP

SETXY 336 368
PENDOWN
CUBIC 337 365 340 368 338 370
CUBIC 337 370 336 369 336 368
PENUP

SETXY 315 364
PENDOWN
CUBIC 316 363 317 365 317 366
CUBIC 315 367 314 366 315 364
PENUP

SETXY 328 356
PENDOWN
CUBIC 328 355 328 354 329 354
CUBIC 331 355 331 357 328 356
PENUP

SETXY 323 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 360 323 358 324 359
CUBIC 326 360 324 362 323 361
PENUP

SETXY 337 343
PENDOWN
CUBIC 338 343 339 344 339 344
CUBIC 339 347 336 345 337 343
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles reach the age to mate at different times. Some come of age as young as a few years old, while others don’t reach sexual maturity until around 50 years has passed.

<pre>
SETXY 342 352
PENDOWN
CUBIC 341 350 345 350 345 352
CUBIC 344 353 342 353 342 352
PENUP

SETXY 348 339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 350 341 351 343 353 346
PENUP

SETXY 360 330
PENDOWN
CUBIC 361 335 363 340 364 345
PENUP

SETXY 355 348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 348 361 348 363 348
PENUP

SETXY 349 335
PENDOWN
CUBIC 352 333 355 331 357 329
PENUP

SETXY 339 346
PENDOWN
CUBIC 340 347 341 348 341 349
PENUP

SETXY 346 351
PENDOWN
CUBIC 347 350 349 349 351 348
PENUP

SETXY 331 357
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 360 335 363 336 366
PENUP

SETXY 325 359
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 131
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 318 364
PENDOWN
CUBIC 319 363 320 363 322 362
PENUP

SETXY 318 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 324 367 329 368 335 368
PENUP

SETXY 337 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 339 362 341 357 342 354
PENUP

SETXY 338 372
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 22
FORWARD 19
PENUP

SETXY 349 394
PENDOWN
CUBIC 355 397 361 400 366 402
PENUP

SETXY 370 406
PENDOWN
CUBIC 370 409 370 411 370 413
PENUP

SETXY 354 426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 359 423 364 421 368 418
PENUP

SETXY 353 424
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 418 363 411 367 405
PENUP

SETXY 394 383
PENDOWN
CUBIC 394 385 394 388 394 390
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some species fight for the right to mate with a female while others seduce her with a mating ritual. To mate, male and female turtles intertwine their tails so that their shell openings line up perfectly.

<pre>
SETXY 387 363
PENDOWN
CUBIC 389 367 392 372 394 377
PENUP

SETXY 367 350
PENDOWN
CUBIC 373 352 378 356 384 359
PENUP

SETXY 397 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 383 399 383 400 384
PENUP

SETXY 405 384
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 381 414 379 419 376
PENUP

SETXY 419 374
PENDOWN
CUBIC 412 376 405 377 398 379
PENUP

SETXY 372 403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 374 402 377 402 379 402
PENUP

SETXY 383 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 386 398 389 396 391 395
PENUP

SETXY 394 395
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 400 399 405 402 409
PENUP

SETXY 393 414
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 411 387 407 383 404
PENUP

SETXY 397 415
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 414 400 414 401 413
PENUP

SETXY 318 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 140 326 143 327 146
CUBIC 328 147 328 144 329 145
CUBIC 330 148 331 142 332 146
CUBIC 333 146 335 145 335 146
CUBIC 335 147 335 147 336 147
CUBIC 336 145 337 145 338 146
CUBIC 340 144 341 140 344 138
PENUP
</pre>

:: Sea turtles travel from the ocean to lay eggs on beaches. Usually, sea turtles lay around 110 eggs in a nest, though the flat back turtle only lays 50 at a time.

<pre>
SETXY 330 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC 328 147 328 150 328 152
CUBIC 329 154 332 157 335 156
CUBIC 338 154 338 148 336 146
PENUP

SETXY 332 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 134 333 134 334 134
PENUP

SETXY 332 136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 136 333 136 334 136
PENUP

SETXY 332 137
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 137 333 137 334 137
PENUP

SETXY 332 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 139 334 138 334 138
PENUP

SETXY 332 140
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 140 334 140 334 140
PENUP

SETXY 332 141
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 141 334 141 334 141
PENUP

SETXY 332 143
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 143 334 143 335 143
PENUP

SETXY 332 144
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 89
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 330 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 329 149 330 148 330 148
CUBIC 330 147 330 149 330 149
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 336 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 336 149 336 148 336 148
CUBIC 337 148 337 149 336 149
PENUP

SETXY 332 150
PENDOWN
CUBIC 332 147 334 151 332 150
PENUP
</pre>

:: The temperature of the sand affects the sex of the turtle. The perfect beach temperature produces an equal number of male and female offspring. Due to rising temperatures, too many sea turtle females are being born, contributing to the decline in species numbers, according to the sea turtle conservancy.

<pre>
SETXY 333 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 149 335 147 333 146
PENUP

SETXY 528 250
PENDOWN
CUBIC 544 256 557 267 574 270
PENUP

SETXY 526 250
PENDOWN
CUBIC 525 250 525 249 525 249
CUBIC 526 248 526 250 525 250
PENUP

SETXY 525 251
PENDOWN
CUBIC 525 251 525 252 525 252
PENUP

SETXY 524 251
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -61
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 523 249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 523 249 523 249 523 249
PENUP

SETXY 524 247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 524 247 524 247 524 247
PENUP

SETXY 527 247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 527 247 527 247 527 247
PENUP

SETXY 528 249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 528 249 528 249 528 249
PENUP

SETXY 480 218
PENDOWN
CUBIC 480 218 481 217 481 217
CUBIC 482 218 481 219 480 218
PENUP

SETXY 483 219
PENDOWN
CUBIC 485 221 487 222 490 223
CUBIC 500 226 509 231 519 235
PENUP

SETXY 529 240
PENDOWN
CUBIC 531 240 532 241 533 241
PENUP

SETXY 537 242
PENDOWN
CUBIC 539 243 541 244 542 244
PENUP

SETXY 480 220
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -13
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 478 219
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [From here until noted below lines are read differently eg: “CUBIC 478 quadrillion 219 trillion four hundred seventy eight billion 219 million four hundred seventy eight thousand two hundred nineteen” or “set exy”]

<pre>
CUBIC 478 219 478 219 478 219
PENUP
</pre>

:: According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, many turtle species are listed as threatened, endangered or critically endangered. For example the plow share tortoise and radiated tortoise are estimated to be extinct in the next 45 years.

<pre>
SETXY 478 217
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -115
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 479 215
</pre>

: [From here until noted below the pauses decrease (and perhaps reading speed increases)]

<pre>
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -140
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 481 215
PENDOWN
CUBIC 481 215 481 214 481 214
PENUP

SETXY 483 216
PENDOWN
CUBIC 483 216 483 216 483 216
PENUP

SETXY 579 272
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 72
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 555 232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 543 227 531 222 519 215
CUBIC 525 211 530 207 535 201
PENUP

SETXY 558 233
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [The numbers return to being read out as normal again and the speed/spaces return to normal.]

<pre>
CUBIC 559 234 560 234 560 234
PENUP

SETXY 564 236
PENDOWN
CUBIC 565 236 566 236 566 237
PENUP

SETXY 571 238
PENDOWN
CUBIC 571 238 572 239 573 239
PENUP

SETXY 536 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 535 198 537 198 537 199
CUBIC 537 200 536 200 536 199
PENUP

SETXY 537 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC 537 202 537 202 537 202
PENUP

SETXY 539 201
PENDOWN
CUBIC 539 201 539 201 539 201
PENUP

SETXY 539 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 540 199 540 199 540 198
PENUP

SETXY 538 197
PENDOWN
CUBIC 538 197 539 197 539 196
PENUP

SETXY 536 196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 196 536 196 536 196
PENUP

SETXY 534 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 197 534 197 534 197
PENUP

SETXY 534 200
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 200 533 200 533 200
PENUP

SETXY 519 217
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 217 520 217 520 218
PENUP
</pre>

:: A pair of Russian tortoises went into space in 1968 the Soviet Union launched Zond 5, a space probe that was the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. It returned safely and the tortoises survived. They had lost about 10% of their body weight but they remained active and showed no loss of appetite according to NASA.

<pre>
SETXY 519 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 519 213 519 213 520 213
PENUP

SETXY 516 212
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 207 519 218 518 219
CUBIC 515 219 516 214 516 212
PENUP

SETXY 516 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 210 514 199 516 200
CUBIC 517 204 516 208 517 212
PENUP

SETXY 516 216
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 217 518 217 518 218
PENUP

SETXY 516 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 516 214 517 214 517 215
PENUP

SETXY 493 177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 496 178 498 179 501 180
CUBIC 501 183 501 185 501 187
CUBIC 500 181 496 177 493 172
PENUP

SETXY 501 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 502 191 502 195 502 199
PENUP

SETXY 489 193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 493 198 499 199 505 200
CUBIC 509 201 513 202 517 203
CUBIC 517 203 516 202 516 203
CUBIC 516 203 516 203 516 203
PENUP

SETXY 497 203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 500 196 512 202 508 209
CUBIC 504 216 494 210 497 203
PENUP

SETXY 167 189
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 180
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 172 189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 188 172 187 172 185
PENUP

SETXY 169 188
PENDOWN
CUBIC 168 189 168 185 170 186
CUBIC 171 186 170 188 169 188
PENUP

SETXY 170 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 187 171 187 172 187
PENUP

SETXY 167 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 167 187 168 187 168 187
PENUP

SETXY 156 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 198 157 197 156 197
CUBIC 155 195 154 193 152 192
CUBIC 152 192 151 192 151 193
CUBIC 153 194 154 196 156 198
PENUP

SETXY 152 196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 153 197 154 198 155 199
PENUP

SETXY 151 197
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 152 198 153 199 154 200
PENUP

SETXY 150 198
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 150 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 150 200 151 201 152 202
PENUP

SETXY 153 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 154 197 154 197 154 197
SETHEADING 50
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 156 195
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 195 156 195 157 195
PENUP

SETXY 156 193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 194 157 195 158 196
PENUP

SETXY 156 192
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 45
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 157 191
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 158 190
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 41
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 157 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 157 198 157 198 157 198
PENUP

SETXY 159 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 160 199 158 200 158 201
CUBIC 157 201 157 200 157 200
CUBIC 157 199 158 199 159 198
PENUP

SETXY 151 194
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 194 151 194 151 194
CUBIC 151 195 150 196 150 196
CUBIC 150 196 150 196 149 196
CUBIC 150 195 151 194 151 194
PENUP

SETXY 258 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 380 259 382 258 382
CUBIC 258 381 258 380 258 380
PENUP

SETXY 257 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 382 257 382 257 382
PENUP

SETXY 258 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC 258 379 258 379 258 379
PENUP

SETXY -79 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC -79 -359 -73 -358 -71 -358
CUBIC -65 -358 -58 -360 -53 -356
CUBIC -52 -354 -53 -353 -55 -352
CUBIC -57 -351 -58 -349 -60 -347
CUBIC -66 -345 -72 -346 -77 -349
CUBIC -80 -350 -79 -353 -79 -355
PENUP

SETXY -63 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC -62 -352 -59 -352 -57 -352
CUBIC -58 -349 -64 -346 -63 -351
PENUP

SETXY -60 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC -60 -359 -59 -360 -59 -361
PENUP

SETXY -74 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC -74 -359 -74 -360 -75 -360
PENUP

SETXY -78 -360
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 93
FORWARD 20
CUBIC -57 -361 -56 -361 -55 -360
PENUP

SETXY -79 -356
PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -65 -351
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -71 -351 -71 -350 -71 -349
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CUBIC -64 -348 -65 -350 -65 -351
PENUP

SETXY -67 -346
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -65 -343 -66 -345 -65 -346
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PENDOWN
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CUBIC -75 -345 -58 -346 -41 -346
CUBIC -47 -345 -58 -343 -64 -343
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SETXY -81 -340
PENDOWN
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SETXY -93 -341
PENDOWN
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SETXY -40 -345
PENDOWN
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SETXY -54 -348
PENDOWN
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SETXY -50 -343
PENDOWN
CUBIC -51 -343 -52 -343 -53 -342
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SETXY -85 -345
PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -78 -349
PENDOWN
CUBIC -86 -351 -95 -349 -102 -352
CUBIC -107 -356 -113 -359 -119 -359
CUBIC -119 -359 -120 -359 -119 -360
CUBIC -102 -363 -106 -350 -79 -357
PENUP

SETXY -118 -359
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -119 -356 -119 -358 -118 -359
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SETXY -114 -359
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -115 -356 -114 -357 -113 -359
PENUP

SETXY -117 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC -117 -357 -118 -355 -118 -354
CUBIC -117 -355 -117 -357 -116 -359
PENUP

SETXY -113 -358
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -112 -354 -112 -356 -112 -358
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PENDOWN
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CUBIC 477 -181 471 -186 471 -192
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CUBIC 491 -189 489 -184 484 -183
CUBIC 482 -182 477 -184 477 -179
PENUP

SETXY 473 -190
PENDOWN
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CUBIC 477 -187 477 -186 476 -186
CUBIC 474 -185 474 -189 473 -190
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SETXY 327 -238
PENDOWN
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SETXY 325 -256
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PENDOWN
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SETHEADING 41
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 318 -264 318 -264 318 -265
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CUBIC 319 -262 321 -257 318 -261
PENUP

SETXY -55 -216
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -56 -235 -54 -231 -57 -232
SETHEADING 57
FORWARD 0
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PENDOWN
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SETXY 223 34
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SETHEADING 169
FORWARD 2
CUBIC 218 45 221 54 212 36
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SETXY 244 40
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SETXY 238 41
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SETXY 241 41
PENDOWN
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FORWARD 0
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PENDOWN
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SETXY 245 42
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 2
FORWARD 16
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PENDOWN
SETHEADING -42
FORWARD 2
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SETXY 236 45
PENDOWN
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PENDOWN
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PENDOWN
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SETXY 237 38
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 103
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 237 37 237 37 237 37
PENUP

SETXY 238 48
PENDOWN
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SETXY -117 81
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -114 77 -114 76 -116 76
CUBIC -116 77 -118 75 -119 77
CUBIC -122 74 -121 80 -119 77
CUBIC -121 80 -116 85 -113 83
CUBIC -113 83 -113 84 -113 84
CUBIC -117 88 -113 91 -112 85
CUBIC -112 84 -112 84 -112 84
CUBIC -110 85 -108 83 -108 81
CUBIC -108 80 -109 79 -110 79
CUBIC -111 79 -112 79 -112 78
CUBIC -112 78 -113 77 -112 77
CUBIC -112 75 -113 76 -113 77
CUBIC -114 77 -114 77 -114 77
SETHEADING 5
FORWARD 0
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CUBIC -113 90 -108 90 -111 85
</pre>

: I even talk to turtles at times. But you need to understand LOGO to appreciate the great, great things that have been created. We spend so much of our life typing. Looking, but never ever seeing.

{{comic discussion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2601}}
[[Category: Comic subpages]]

2601: Instructions/Audio Transcript

2022-04-03T13:41:57Z

KarMann: slight typos or misheard

Below, you will find a '''complete audio transcript''' for the audio file played in comic [[2601: Instructions]].
This transcript is adapted from the [https://github.com/theinternetftw/xkcd2601 transcription project], where a [https://github.com/theinternetftw/xkcd2601/blob/99beb57be4c4b50346064af578f3de5a2eab49f0/xkcd.lgo runnable version of this transcript] is available.

: And here we want to show you that you can program a picture right along with us. We’ll use a single color, some unorthodox functions, and each line we’ll put a bit of nature’s masterpieces right here on our canvas. Today we’ll have them run all the functions across the stream, right now, that you need to program along with us. Starting with a simple one:

<pre>
TO DIST :X0 :Y0 :X1 :Y1
LOCALMAKE "RX DIFFERENCE :X1 :X0
LOCALMAKE "RY DIFFERENCE :Y1 :Y0
OUTPUT SQRT SUM PRODUCT :RX :RX PRODUCT :RY :RY
END
</pre>

: There we go! Just like that.

<pre>
TO LERP :A :B :T
OUTPUT SUM :A PRODUCT :T DIFFERENCE :B :A
END
</pre>

: One more done. No pressure.

<pre>
TO MIX :A :B
OUTPUT LERP :A :B 0.5
END
</pre>

: Really makes our programming life easier.

<pre>
TO CUBIC :X1 :Y1 :X2 :Y2 :EX :EY
LOCALMAKE "X0 XCOR
LOCALMAKE "Y0 YCOR
LOCALMAKE "ERRX1 LERP :X0 :EX 0.25
LOCALMAKE "ERRY1 LERP :Y0 :EY 0.25
LOCALMAKE "ERRX2 LERP :X0 :EX 0.75
LOCALMAKE "ERRY2 LERP :Y0 :EY 0.75
IFELSE OR LESSP :PIXERROR DIST :ERRX1 :ERRY1 :X1 :Y1 LESSP :PIXERROR DIST :ERRX2 :ERRY2 :X2 :Y2 [
LOCALMAKE "QX0 MIX :X0 :X1
LOCALMAKE "QY0 MIX :Y0 :Y1
LOCALMAKE "QX1 MIX :X1 :X2
LOCALMAKE "QY1 MIX :Y1 :Y2
LOCALMAKE "QX2 MIX :X2 :EX
LOCALMAKE "QY2 MIX :Y2 :EY
LOCALMAKE "LX0 MIX :QX0 :QX1
LOCALMAKE "LY0 MIX :QY0 :QY1
LOCALMAKE "LX1 MIX :QX1 :QX2
LOCALMAKE "LY1 MIX :QY1 :QY2
LOCALMAKE "PMX MIX :LX0 :LX1
LOCALMAKE "PMY MIX :LY0 :LY1
CUBIC :QX0 :QY0 :LX0 :LY0 :PMX :PMY
CUBIC :LX1 :LY1 :QX2 :QY2 :EX :EY
] [
SETXY :EX :EY
]
END
</pre>

: I think there’s a programmer hidden at the bottom of every single one of us.

<pre>
MAKE "PIXERROR 0.5
</pre>

: Let me show you what is going on up here.

<pre>
CLEARSCREEN
WINDOW
PENUP
SETXY -473 391
</pre>

: I’ve just covered the entire canvas with just a bit of white.

<pre>
PENDOWN
</pre>

: We start with a vision in our hearts and we put it on canvas.

<pre>
CUBIC -469 424 -458 416 -456 389
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SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 14
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SETXY -443 412
PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -442 400
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 84
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -431 409
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 403 -432 397 -431 390
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SETXY -427 392
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SETHEADING 37
FORWARD 13
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FORWARD 19
PENUP
</pre>

: Merriam-Webster defines a turtle as:
:: Noun. Any of an order (Testudines synonym Chelonia) of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine reptiles that have a toothless horny beak and a shell of bony dermal plates usually covered with horny shields enclosing the trunk and into which the head, limbs, and tail usually may be withdrawn.

<pre>
SETXY -454 378
PENDOWN
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PENUP

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PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 16
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PENDOWN
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CUBIC -410 360 -416 356 -400 360
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SETHEADING 178
FORWARD 21
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PENDOWN
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PENUP

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PENDOWN
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SETXY -366 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -353 384 -349 375 -363 371
CUBIC -358 372 -356 365 -353 361
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SETXY -338 379
PENDOWN
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CUBIC -348 359 -355 358 -336 361
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PENDOWN
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PENDOWN
CUBIC -338 381 -331 375 -333 362
CUBIC -332 358 -323 362 -320 361
PENUP

SETXY -332 370
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 89
FORWARD 7
SETHEADING -79
FORWARD 1
PENUP

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PENDOWN
CUBIC -473 329 -473 322 -474 316
PENUP

SETXY -473 327
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 85
FORWARD 11
PENUP

SETXY -461 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC -461 331 -461 323 -460 316
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some interesting notes from “Interesting Facts About Turtles”, a little nature study by a scientist, Forest and Stream, January 1916.
:: Over a great many years, I have taken a great interest in the land turtle. I have at the present time a number, some of which I have had for at least 17 years. To most people, they are ugly and repulsive, as the head, when fully protruded and extended, looks like a snake, and furthermore, their clumsy method of progression does not add anything attractive.

<pre>
SETXY -453 335
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CUBIC -437 315 -433 316 -430 316
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FORWARD 19
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SETHEADING 4
FORWARD 20
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CUBIC -373 322 -375 319 -377 318
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CUBIC -326 342 -322 324 -342 325
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PENDOWN
SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 12
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SETXY -473 303
PENDOWN
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PENDOWN
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SETXY -460 303
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SETHEADING -7
FORWARD 1
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PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 17
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SETXY -439 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -425 311 -422 288 -438 293
PENUP
</pre>

:: One of the interesting points about turtles is their great variety of foods. They are, as a rule, good scavengers, eating all kinds of decomposing and putrifying materials. Beef or in fact any meat is eaten. I have seen them eat the flesh of birds and of moles, and, while earthworms are relished by them, any worm or grub is taken. Worms from shell barks and ordinary maggots are gotten rid of in a hurry. Blackberries, mayapples, cherries and mulberries, tomatoes, cucumbers.
:: And one vegetable eagerly eaten by my stock is green sugarcorn, either raw or cooked. In the spring, when they first come out of the soil and food is not plentiful in their pen, I have bought canned corn, and they certainly have made it disappear very quickly. Beetles and tumblebugs, potato bugs, either in larval or mature forms, are destroyed. Toadstools, especially the large flat pink ones, white and yellow ones, are eaten, while I have seen them pass a black toadstool by several days unnoticed.

<pre>
SETXY -423 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -424 296 -424 289 -424 282
PENUP

SETXY -423 294
PENDOWN
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PENUP

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PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -403 294
PENDOWN
CUBIC -400 298 -397 301 -393 305
PENUP

SETXY -381 304
</pre>

: Here we have a happy little—

<pre>
PENDOWN
</pre>

: —statement. That’s it. And then,

<pre>
SETHEADING -177
FORWARD 19
SETHEADING 87
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -367 303
PENDOWN
CUBIC -367 297 -368 291 -368 285
PENUP

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PENDOWN
CUBIC -359 304 -355 305 -351 305
PENUP

SETXY -357 304
PENDOWN
CUBIC -358 299 -358 291 -358 286
PENUP

SETXY -351 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -346 303 -341 304 -336 305
PENUP

SETXY -344 304
PENDOWN
CUBIC -345 297 -345 291 -346 284
PENUP

SETXY -333 304
PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -308 305
PENDOWN
CUBIC -312 305 -317 304 -321 304
CUBIC -321 298 -320 291 -321 285
CUBIC -316 285 -312 285 -307 285
PENUP

SETXY -321 294
PENDOWN
CUBIC -318 295 -315 295 -312 295
PENUP

SETXY -473 273
PENDOWN
CUBIC -472 267 -470 241 -464 260
CUBIC -463 257 -462 254 -461 252
CUBIC -457 258 -455 265 -454 272
PENUP

SETXY -448 270
PENDOWN
CUBIC -450 265 -451 260 -449 256
CUBIC -442 246 -435 261 -439 267
CUBIC -440 272 -446 275 -448 270
PENUP

SETXY -433 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 259 -432 266 -432 273
CUBIC -420 276 -416 262 -431 264
CUBIC -425 263 -421 258 -420 253
PENUP

SETXY -413 273
PENDOWN
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PENUP

SETXY -399 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC -381 256 -376 275 -399 273
CUBIC -399 267 -399 259 -399 253
PENUP
</pre>

:: Occasionally, when a female drops an egg on the ground, it is quickly eaten by the others. Ordinary hens’ eggs are eaten and at great relish. Enjoyed hugely by them is thick sour milk. I have placed a quantity of this milk in two or three places in the pen, and in five minutes it is surrounded by the turtles, just like flies on a lump of sugar. The scraping of limburger cheese have also been eaten.

<pre>
SETXY -423 354
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 10
PENUP

SETXY -430 242
PENDOWN
CUBIC -432 211 -427 177 -407 151
PENUP

SETXY -237 -103
PENDOWN
CUBIC -222 -67 -195 -8 -221 27
CUBIC -222 37 -221 35 -228 42
CUBIC -230 45 -228 49 -230 52
CUBIC -232 54 -235 55 -235 58
CUBIC -235 66 -234 75 -244 74
CUBIC -252 90 -255 76 -266 85
CUBIC -270 87 -273 83 -277 83
CUBIC -282 84 -287 84 -292 81
CUBIC -295 80 -297 82 -300 83
CUBIC -303 83 -306 80 -310 80
CUBIC -322 84 -327 74 -337 81
CUBIC -342 80 -342 74 -350 78
CUBIC -356 80 -362 75 -368 75
CUBIC -372 75 -375 77 -379 76
CUBIC -385 72 -391 76 -397 72
CUBIC -403 70 -409 69 -408 61
CUBIC -415 50 -409 53 -411 46
CUBIC -415 40 -411 32 -416 26
CUBIC -419 19 -415 11 -420 4
CUBIC -422 -8 -416 -4 -422 -18
CUBIC -422 -21 -420 -23 -419 -25
CUBIC -418 -32 -424 -31 -417 -39
CUBIC -416 -45 -420 -46 -415 -52
CUBIC -414 -55 -416 -57 -415 -60
CUBIC -415 -62 -414 -63 -412 -64
CUBIC -411 -65 -411 -68 -410 -69
CUBIC -407 -68 -406 -71 -404 -72
CUBIC -402 -72 -400 -72 -398 -73
CUBIC -393 -79 -395 -75 -389 -77
CUBIC -387 -83 -386 -79 -381 -80
CUBIC -380 -81 -380 -81 -379 -82
CUBIC -377 -84 -373 -81 -372 -83
CUBIC -371 -89 -367 -86 -363 -87
CUBIC -359 -89 -362 -95 -357 -95
CUBIC -356 -96 -355 -95 -354 -96
CUBIC -353 -100 -353 -104 -350 -106
CUBIC -348 -107 -347 -109 -345 -108
CUBIC -344 -107 -340 -108 -341 -106
CUBIC -346 -105 -340 -100 -342 -98
CUBIC -343 -96 -346 -93 -342 -91
CUBIC -337 -88 -343 -80 -340 -76
CUBIC -335 -75 -339 -64 -332 -68
CUBIC -328 -56 -328 -69 -321 -66
CUBIC -310 -59 -313 -68 -306 -64
CUBIC -303 -62 -301 -64 -299 -66
CUBIC -297 -66 -294 -63 -292 -65
CUBIC -289 -69 -282 -62 -280 -68
CUBIC -275 -73 -268 -61 -262 -68
CUBIC -258 -68 -255 -63 -252 -69
CUBIC -245 -63 -246 -69 -247 -75
CUBIC -247 -78 -241 -75 -245 -83
CUBIC -248 -88 -239 -85 -242 -93
CUBIC -242 -97 -236 -94 -238 -100
CUBIC -238 -101 -238 -103 -237 -103
PENUP
</pre>

:: A piece of butter which had upon a platter in the icebox for months was placed before them, and this was eaten in due time. Crabapples and cantelope are enjoyed by them, but watermelon is not so eagerly gobbled up like the cantelope. I was surprised one morning when I found one of the large turtles had caught and disembowled a very large toad which I had in the yard. I have seen turtles eating at 11 o’clock at night, when, one would think, they would be resting.

<pre>
SETXY -227 -80
PENDOWN
CUBIC -222 -84 -229 -88 -227 -92
CUBIC -226 -97 -229 -98 -230 -102
CUBIC -229 -111 -232 -108 -236 -115
CUBIC -239 -122 -245 -124 -247 -133
CUBIC -249 -136 -252 -137 -253 -141
CUBIC -253 -143 -255 -143 -257 -144
CUBIC -259 -145 -259 -148 -262 -148
CUBIC -269 -150 -264 -153 -275 -155
CUBIC -279 -159 -284 -157 -289 -160
CUBIC -290 -161 -292 -160 -293 -160
CUBIC -295 -160 -296 -158 -298 -158
CUBIC -307 -165 -305 -151 -313 -158
CUBIC -318 -163 -320 -153 -325 -153
CUBIC -335 -157 -333 -147 -338 -143
CUBIC -341 -143 -346 -145 -346 -140
CUBIC -348 -128 -351 -135 -356 -132
CUBIC -357 -130 -356 -125 -359 -124
CUBIC -361 -124 -363 -126 -365 -125
CUBIC -367 -123 -365 -114 -371 -114
CUBIC -372 -115 -374 -116 -375 -114
CUBIC -376 -112 -375 -105 -379 -106
CUBIC -388 -108 -384 -105 -388 -100
CUBIC -389 -99 -390 -99 -390 -100
CUBIC -397 -102 -393 -93 -398 -93
CUBIC -407 -90 -408 -81 -417 -79
CUBIC -419 -78 -417 -74 -419 -73
CUBIC -425 -70 -430 -72 -431 -64
CUBIC -436 -60 -441 -56 -444 -49
CUBIC -445 -47 -448 -47 -450 -46
CUBIC -458 -42 -450 -34 -463 -30
CUBIC -471 -27 -466 -17 -471 -12
CUBIC -483 -6 -472 7 -477 16
CUBIC -482 25 -471 29 -475 38
CUBIC -480 50 -467 53 -469 63
CUBIC -470 65 -470 68 -469 70
CUBIC -465 74 -458 76 -460 83
CUBIC -460 88 -455 90 -453 94
CUBIC -451 97 -449 100 -447 102
CUBIC -445 105 -446 109 -443 111
CUBIC -436 113 -435 122 -426 124
CUBIC -420 135 -420 128 -414 133
CUBIC -413 138 -412 137 -407 136
CUBIC -402 137 -403 143 -395 140
CUBIC -389 142 -384 144 -378 143
CUBIC -376 143 -374 145 -372 147
CUBIC -367 147 -365 142 -360 148
CUBIC -354 146 -353 145 -348 149
CUBIC -336 149 -324 153 -312 153
CUBIC -310 153 -307 155 -305 155
CUBIC -300 155 -295 155 -290 157
CUBIC -285 154 -281 154 -276 154
CUBIC -270 147 -271 150 -263 149
CUBIC -256 143 -246 142 -240 134
CUBIC -238 133 -235 135 -233 133
CUBIC -230 129 -226 126 -221 125
CUBIC -220 120 -217 116 -212 114
CUBIC -214 105 -206 105 -205 99
CUBIC -209 91 -197 93 -201 81
CUBIC -200 76 -196 71 -199 65
CUBIC -194 61 -197 56 -195 51
CUBIC -194 49 -195 48 -196 46
CUBIC -197 39 -195 34 -197 27
CUBIC -191 13 -200 17 -195 5
CUBIC -195 -1 -195 -8 -196 -14
CUBIC -197 -19 -194 -26 -199 -29
CUBIC -200 -33 -198 -38 -200 -42
CUBIC -203 -48 -206 -59 -214 -59
CUBIC -220 -59 -215 -67 -222 -67
</pre>

: Here, you have the power to do anything you want.

<pre>
SETHEADING 58
FORWARD 0
PENUP
</pre>

:: They prefer the shade, and at certain times during the day, if the sun is very hot, they retreat under the logs which I have for a shelter. During rain, they are very active, and move about with heads and necks outstretched, enjoying the shower bath hugely, and evidently on the outlook for worms, just as some birds, after or during a shower. The youngest of turtles I have ever had seems to take to the same food as the adults.

<pre>
SETXY -325 -154
PENDOWN
CUBIC -347 -211 -373 -268 -390 -327
CUBIC -395 -325 -395 -335 -393 -331
PENUP

SETXY -435 -371
PENDOWN
CUBIC -415 -351 -393 -330 -373 -310
CUBIC -372 -311 -372 -313 -370 -314
CUBIC -390 -335 -411 -356 -431 -377
CUBIC -432 -376 -436 -373 -435 -371
PENUP

SETXY -437 -375
PENDOWN
CUBIC -443 -374 -446 -383 -445 -387
CUBIC -442 -394 -439 -401 -442 -408
CUBIC -440 -402 -433 -398 -433 -391
CUBIC -433 -387 -434 -383 -432 -379
PENUP

SETXY -438 -379
PENDOWN
CUBIC -443 -384 -438 -392 -439 -398
PENUP

SETXY -382 -561
PENDOWN
CUBIC -356 -480 -341 -396 -312 -317
CUBIC -272 -397 -245 -482 -213 -566
PENUP

SETXY -312 -318
PENDOWN
CUBIC -310 -264 -309 -210 -310 -157
PENUP

SETXY -289 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -282 -183 -274 -206 -267 -229
CUBIC -266 -233 -262 -233 -259 -234
PENUP

SETXY -244 -141
PENDOWN
CUBIC -241 -200 -239 -209 -274 -259
CUBIC -312 -353 -191 -386 -134 -275
CUBIC -35 -135 -232 -42 -244 -141
PENUP

SETXY -220 -136
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 -128 -206 -121 -197 -115
CUBIC -197 -116 -197 -117 -198 -118
CUBIC -204 -126 -211 -135 -217 -143
CUBIC -208 -136 -200 -125 -190 -121
CUBIC -197 -129 -204 -138 -210 -147
SETHEADING 48
FORWARD 33
CUBIC -190 -133 -198 -138 -202 -147
CUBIC -196 -143 -191 -139 -186 -134
PENUP
</pre>

:: As a rule, they emerge in April. Sometimes that middle of the month, but as early as April 6th, they made their appearance. If the weather does not stay warm, they again go back to their retreats. Mating commences almost within a day or two after their emergence. The males are quite persistent in their lovemaking, biting at the female, etc. And on two occasions, I have seen the scale removed from the shell of the female and blood ooze from these surfaces.

<pre>
SETXY -175 -150
PENDOWN
CUBIC -178 -153 -181 -157 -184 -161
CUBIC -177 -156 -170 -151 -162 -146
CUBIC -169 -156 -182 -163 -188 -174
CUBIC -177 -164 -166 -154 -154 -147
CUBIC -163 -156 -172 -166 -179 -177
CUBIC -172 -170 -165 -163 -157 -157
CUBIC -160 -163 -168 -168 -168 -174
CUBIC -165 -172 -163 -170 -160 -167
PENUP

SETXY -166 -208
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 -203 -155 -199 -149 -197
CUBIC -154 -203 -161 -210 -167 -216
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 38
CUBIC -149 -208 -163 -220 -177 -234
CUBIC -164 -223 -151 -214 -137 -205
SETHEADING -130
FORWARD 34
SETHEADING 62
FORWARD 20
CUBIC -147 -220 -149 -223 -151 -224
CUBIC -149 -223 -146 -221 -144 -220
PENUP

SETXY -186 -278
PENDOWN
CUBIC -178 -271 -170 -265 -161 -260
CUBIC -166 -272 -180 -279 -189 -289
CUBIC -179 -281 -169 -274 -159 -267
CUBIC -166 -278 -180 -284 -186 -295
CUBIC -179 -289 -170 -283 -162 -278
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 24
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 15
PENUP
</pre>

: I made friends with a turtle yesterday and he gave me his phone number. I asked is that a landline? He said no it’s my shell phone.

<pre>
SETXY -234 -301
PENDOWN
CUBIC -239 -304 -244 -309 -248 -314
CUBIC -240 -309 -232 -304 -224 -300
SETHEADING -131
FORWARD 33
SETHEADING 60
FORWARD 37
CUBIC -227 -310 -237 -317 -246 -326
CUBIC -237 -321 -229 -316 -220 -312
CUBIC -226 -316 -233 -321 -237 -328
CUBIC -232 -325 -227 -323 -222 -320
PENUP

SETXY -280 -317
PENDOWN
CUBIC -278 -339 -277 -361 -277 -384
PENUP

SETXY -280 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC -277 -451 -278 -500 -280 -548
CUBIC -263 -547 -246 -547 -229 -549
PENUP

SETXY -212 -547
PENDOWN
CUBIC 57 -552 326 -555 595 -548
CUBIC 584 -208 600 134 592 474
CUBIC 300 470 8 471 -284 476
CUBIC -270 375 -284 271 -285 169
PENUP
</pre>

:: It is interesting to see the males fight among themselves. They raised themselves as high as possible and lunge and bite and snap at each other. In getting away from his opponent, the Beaten one will beat a hasty retreat and retract his front feet or back feet as occasion demands and glide, not run away. Running away is slow as compared to this turtle propulsion. It is not a slide, it is really a darting, forward glide. Just recently I saw one male maltreating another in which the second fellow had all parts retracted and was being snapped at pushed and actually rolled over on his back by his opponent.

<pre>
SETXY -181 15
PENDOWN
CUBIC -180 8 -180 1 -180 -6
CUBIC -174 -5 -169 -5 -164 -5
CUBIC -166 2 -166 9 -165 16
CUBIC -170 15 -176 14 -181 15
PENUP

SETXY -179 -19
PENDOWN
CUBIC -177 -19 -176 -19 -174 -20
SETHEADING 9
FORWARD 13
CUBIC -172 -8 -176 -7 -177 -7
CUBIC -178 -7 -178 -17 -179 -19
PENUP

SETXY -171 -7
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 -11 -168 -15 -168 -20
CUBIC -166 -19 -164 -19 -162 -19
CUBIC -168 -6 -162 -6 -171 -7
PENUP

SETXY -158 4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -157 6 -156 7 -155 8
CUBIC -157 10 -160 12 -163 14
CUBIC -167 10 -161 8 -158 4
PENUP

SETXY -189 4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -190 3 -189 3 -189 3
CUBIC -188 2 -187 1 -187 -0
CUBIC -185 3 -182 5 -180 8
CUBIC -180 8 -181 10 -181 11
CUBIC -183 12 -188 5 -189 4
PENUP

SETXY -164 17
PENDOWN
CUBIC -164 22 -164 26 -163 30
SETHEADING -83
FORWARD 15
CUBIC -178 27 -179 23 -179 18
CUBIC -176 18 -168 18 -164 17
PENUP

SETXY -172 28
PENDOWN
CUBIC -172 28 -173 28 -174 28
CUBIC -173 27 -174 25 -174 24
CUBIC -172 25 -171 25 -169 24
CUBIC -169 27 -168 28 -172 28
PENUP

SETXY -163 28
PENDOWN
CUBIC -168 28 -166 28 -167 24
CUBIC -166 24 -165 24 -164 24
PENUP

SETXY -165 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC -167 22 -170 22 -173 22
CUBIC -173 21 -173 20 -173 19
CUBIC -170 19 -167 19 -164 18
PENUP

SETXY -171 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC -171 21 -171 20 -171 19
PENUP

SETXY -168 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 21 -169 20 -169 19
PENUP

SETXY -166 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC -166 21 -166 20 -166 19
PENUP

SETXY -181 36
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -9
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -176 48 -175 41 -182 40
PENUP

SETXY -174 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC -176 43 -176 39 -174 38
CUBIC -169 37 -169 48 -174 45
PENUP

SETXY -169 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC -169 40 -165 38 -164 41
CUBIC -161 45 -167 49 -169 43
PENUP

SETXY -161 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 42 -162 44 -162 46
CUBIC -158 50 -155 44 -161 43
CUBIC -158 43 -157 42 -156 40
PENUP

SETXY -154 46
PENDOWN
CUBIC -152 47 -149 47 -147 48
PENUP

SETXY -150 47
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 45 -150 43 -150 41
PENUP

SETXY -147 46
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 178
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY -147 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC -146 45 -145 45 -144 45
PENUP

SETXY -143 49
PENDOWN
CUBIC -144 46 -144 44 -143 41
PENUP

SETXY -141 49
PENDOWN
CUBIC -141 46 -141 44 -141 42
PENUP

SETXY -139 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC -139 44 -139 46 -139 48
SETHEADING 143
FORWARD 7
CUBIC -135 45 -135 47 -135 49
PENUP

SETXY -131 46
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 47 -129 47 -129 47
CUBIC -128 42 -134 43 -133 47
CUBIC -133 49 -131 51 -129 49
PENUP

SETXY -125 51
PENDOWN
CUBIC -126 49 -125 47 -125 46
PENUP

SETXY -125 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC -125 43 -126 43 -126 43
CUBIC -126 43 -125 43 -125 43
PENUP

SETXY -153 35
PENDOWN
CUBIC -153 33 -153 31 -152 29
PENUP

SETXY -156 34
PENDOWN
CUBIC -154 35 -153 35 -152 36
PENUP

SETXY -155 28
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 74
FORWARD 5
PENUP
</pre>

:: Occasionally one can see a turtle dragging another one along, the first one having the second fellows hind leg between his shell. This has probably been the result of a scuffle. I have never known a land turtle to bite, but have often seen them open their mouths wide and hiss or draw in their breath with a hissing or sighing sound.

<pre>
SETXY -149 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC -149 37 -149 36 -150 36
PENUP

SETXY -148 36
PENDOWN
CUBIC -147 33 -150 30 -145 31
PENUP

SETXY -143 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC -143 35 -143 33 -143 31
CUBIC -142 31 -141 32 -139 32
PENUP

SETXY -137 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -137 36 -137 34 -137 32
PENUP

SETXY -134 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -134 36 -134 34 -134 32
PENUP

SETXY -137 35
PENDOWN
CUBIC -136 35 -135 35 -134 35
PENUP

SETXY -129 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 37 -131 37 -133 37
SETHEADING 174
FORWARD 6
CUBIC -131 32 -130 32 -128 32
PENUP

SETXY -132 35
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 78
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY -126 38
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 179
FORWARD 6
CUBIC -125 32 -124 33 -123 33
PENUP

SETXY -121 32
PENDOWN
CUBIC -121 34 -122 36 -122 38
CUBIC -118 39 -117 35 -121 35
PENUP

SETXY -144 29
PENDOWN
CUBIC -145 27 -144 24 -142 23
PENUP

SETXY -165 38
PENDOWN
CUBIC -165 36 -165 34 -166 33
PENUP

SETXY -157 -17
PENDOWN
CUBIC -153 -17 -149 -16 -145 -16
CUBIC -146 -11 -147 -6 -149 -0
CUBIC -145 -2 -141 -2 -137 -3
CUBIC -137 -8 -137 -13 -138 -18
PENUP

SETXY -149 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 5 -144 10 -139 12
PENUP

SETXY -127 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC -137 31 -144 14 -135 9
CUBIC -125 3 -116 22 -127 26
PENUP

SETXY -139 13
PENDOWN
CUBIC -138 9 -137 5 -135 2
CUBIC -133 -2 -129 -3 -128 -7
PENUP

SETXY -139 12
PENDOWN
CUBIC -135 7 -131 -1 -124 -3
PENUP

SETXY -122 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC -129 -4 -127 -9 -129 -10
CUBIC -126 -14 -117 -9 -119 -4
CUBIC -123 -4 -127 -7 -129 -11
PENUP

SETXY -122 -4
PENDOWN
CUBIC -122 -2 -123 0 -120 1
CUBIC -120 -0 -120 -2 -120 -4
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some people have turtles in their cellars believing that they catch rats and mice. I tried keeping some of mine in the cellar for two seasons in the wintertime. They kept up a constant walk exactly like a caged beast. I gave them meat, vegetables and water, but on no occasion did they take the proffered food. In the spring, I found several of them dead. I believe that these turtles died because they were exhausted from wandering around and around during their time of hibernation. I also believe that this unnatural hibernation led them to refuse all food.

<pre>
SETXY -120 -2
PENDOWN
CUBIC -120 -1 -118 -1 -118 -1
CUBIC -118 -0 -118 0 -117 0
CUBIC -115 0 -115 -1 -116 -3
CUBIC -117 -3 -119 -3 -119 -4
PENUP

SETXY -117 -2
PENDOWN
CUBIC -117 -2 -117 -2 -117 -2
PENUP

SETXY -128 -7
PENDOWN
CUBIC -130 -7 -131 -6 -132 -8
CUBIC -132 -9 -130 -9 -129 -9
CUBIC -130 -10 -132 -11 -132 -12
CUBIC -131 -12 -130 -11 -129 -11
PENUP

SETXY -125 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC -126 -14 -127 -14 -127 -14
CUBIC -125 -14 -123 -14 -120 -15
CUBIC -124 -15 -128 -16 -132 -16
CUBIC -129 -17 -125 -16 -122 -16
CUBIC -123 -16 -125 -17 -126 -17
PENUP

SETXY -18 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -19 1 -22 1 -24 2
PENUP

SETXY -14 0
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 3 -17 6 -20 7
PENUP

SETXY -9 1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -10 5 -9 9 -7 12
PENUP

SETXY -6 1
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 4 -4 6 -3 8
PENUP

SETXY -24 53
PENDOWN
CUBIC -25 55 -27 55 -29 56
PENUP
</pre>

:: Regarding the catching of rats and mice in cellars, I believe that rats and mice might be kept away by the noise made by the turtle making its endless march around the cellar. I doubt whether a turtle could catch a rat or a mouse.

<pre>
SETXY -20 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -21 57 -23 59 -25 61
PENUP

SETXY -17 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -17 58 -17 63 -14 66
PENUP

SETXY -14 54
PENDOWN
CUBIC -13 57 -11 59 -8 59
PENUP

SETXY -33 86
PENDOWN
CUBIC -34 93 -35 100 -35 107
CUBIC -29 107 -22 107 -16 108
CUBIC -21 113 -25 119 -29 125
CUBIC -25 124 -22 124 -18 124
CUBIC -22 128 -27 133 -31 138
CUBIC -27 137 -24 136 -21 136
CUBIC -25 140 -28 144 -30 149
CUBIC -28 148 -25 147 -22 147
CUBIC -26 151 -30 156 -33 161
CUBIC -31 161 -28 161 -26 161
CUBIC -30 165 -34 170 -37 176
CUBIC -38 169 -41 163 -46 158
CUBIC -44 159 -41 159 -38 160
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 19
SETHEADING 77
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -44 142 -48 137 -52 132
CUBIC -49 133 -46 133 -44 134
CUBIC -48 129 -52 124 -57 119
CUBIC -53 119 -49 120 -44 120
CUBIC -49 115 -54 110 -59 105
CUBIC -53 105 -47 105 -41 106
CUBIC -42 103 -43 90 -43 87
CUBIC -40 86 -36 87 -33 86
PENUP
</pre>

:: In my yard, I had a galvanized iron pin, 3 feet in length by 2 feet in width by 3 inches in depth for water. In this the turtles would enjoy themselves drinking from the edge with heads submerged or with the entire body submerged for sometimes as long as several hours, and even for a whole day. Even in the country where I now have the herd, I have a small dish in which they can just get in and they certainly appreciate a bath.

<pre>
SETXY 39 69
PENDOWN
CUBIC 43 69 47 70 52 70
CUBIC 50 76 49 83 48 89
CUBIC 54 88 60 87 66 87
CUBIC 61 91 58 96 56 102
CUBIC 59 101 62 100 65 99
CUBIC 60 105 56 112 53 119
CUBIC 55 119 58 118 61 118
CUBIC 57 125 53 131 50 138
CUBIC 52 137 54 136 57 135
CUBIC 51 141 47 148 45 156
CUBIC 45 147 41 139 37 131
CUBIC 39 132 42 133 44 134
CUBIC 41 128 38 123 34 117
SETHEADING 82
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 39 112 35 107 30 103
SETHEADING 83
FORWARD 8
CUBIC 34 97 30 92 25 87
CUBIC 43 86 43 95 39 69
PENUP

SETXY 117 97
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 13
FORWARD 20
CUBIC 124 110 126 103 128 97
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some interesting things in 10 facts about marine turtles from the WWF UK?
:: There are seven species of marine turtle. Marine turtles were around more than 100 million years ago and lived alongside dinosaurs. These days, scientists recognize seven species of marine turtle, the hawksbill, the loggerhead, the leatherback, the olive Ridley, the green, the flat back and the Kemps Ridley.

<pre>
SETXY 121 114
PENDOWN
CUBIC 121 119 121 123 120 127
PENUP

SETXY 113 136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 128 124 124 128 131
CUBIC 133 144 116 152 113 136
PENUP

SETXY 125 143
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 132 113 142 118 128
PENUP

SETXY 112 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 108 141 105 136 106 132
CUBIC 107 128 112 125 112 120
CUBIC 112 125 112 129 113 134
PENUP

SETXY 120 126
PENDOWN
CUBIC 117 122 115 117 114 112
PENUP

SETXY 121 126
PENDOWN
CUBIC 129 126 131 126 136 133
PENUP

SETXY 136 125
PENDOWN
CUBIC 136 125 135 136 137 134
CUBIC 135 127 136 147 136 149
PENUP

SETXY 137 148
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 166 156 174 134 147
SETHEADING 9
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 189 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 189 88 188 89 187 90
PENUP

SETXY 192 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 192 90 191 92 189 94
PENUP

SETXY 195 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 195 90 194 95 197 97
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles do not have teeth. They use their beak like mouth to grasp their food. This beak is made of keratin, the same stuff your fingernails are made of.

<pre>
SETXY 198 87
PENDOWN
CUBIC 198 89 199 91 202 92
PENUP

SETXY 185 67
PENDOWN
CUBIC 177 65 175 57 168 53
CUBIC 183 44 182 49 198 51
CUBIC 202 52 195 59 194 61
CUBIC 192 63 188 64 185 66
CUBIC 182 60 180 54 180 46
PENUP

SETXY 159 91
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 95 166 90 167 87
CUBIC 163 86 151 84 159 91
PENUP

SETXY 233 85
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 91 243 93 245 85
CUBIC 241 85 236 85 233 85
PENUP

SETXY 109 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 109 22 108 24 107 24
PENUP

SETXY 114 22
PENDOWN
CUBIC 114 25 113 28 112 31
PENUP

SETXY 118 20
PENDOWN
CUBIC 118 24 119 28 122 31
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtle shells are made of over 50 bones fused together. So they are literally wearing their bones on the outside. They also have light spongy bones that help them float.

<pre>
SETXY 122 19
PENDOWN
CUBIC 123 21 124 24 126 24
PENUP

SETXY 45 23
PENDOWN
CUBIC 42 21 41 16 38 13
CUBIC 41 12 42 8 45 7
CUBIC 47 8 49 7 51 6
CUBIC 54 5 57 8 59 6
CUBIC 62 8 64 10 66 11
CUBIC 66 19 52 34 45 23
PENUP

SETXY 43 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 50 16 53 20 54 8
PENUP

SETXY 51 18
PENDOWN
CUBIC 51 21 56 22 57 26
PENUP

SETXY 229 -42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -42 233 -41 236 -41
PENUP

SETXY 240 -39
PENDOWN
CUBIC 242 -39 244 -38 245 -38
PENUP

SETXY 249 -37
PENDOWN
CUBIC 251 -36 252 -36 254 -36
PENUP

SETXY 257 -32
PENDOWN
CUBIC 258 -31 259 -30 260 -28
PENUP

SETXY 263 -25
PENDOWN
CUBIC 264 -23 265 -22 266 -21
PENUP

SETXY 269 -18
PENDOWN
CUBIC 269 -17 270 -16 271 -15
PENUP

SETXY 259 -37
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 104
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 269 -40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 271 -41 272 -41 274 -42
PENUP

SETXY 278 -42
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 97
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 287 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC 289 -45 290 -45 291 -45
PENUP

SETXY 211 -10
PENDOWN
CUBIC 213 -9 216 -8 218 -8
PENUP
</pre>

:: Their young lives are a mystery. The first few years of a marine turtle’s life are known as the lost years. That’s because the time between when the hatchlings emerge until they return to coastal shallow waters to forage is incredibly difficult to study. The lost years they spend at sea, which can be up to 20 years, largely remain a mystery to us.

<pre>
SETXY 223 -6
PENDOWN
CUBIC 224 -5 226 -5 228 -5
PENUP

SETXY 233 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC 234 -3 236 -3 237 -3
PENUP

SETXY 243 -1
PENDOWN
CUBIC 244 0 246 0 248 0
PENUP

SETXY 253 1
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 71
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 245 16
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 253 12
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 122
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 260 8
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 129
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 269 2
PENDOWN
CUBIC 270 1 271 -0 272 -1
PENUP

SETXY 275 -3
PENDOWN
CUBIC 276 -4 277 -4 278 -5
PENUP

SETXY 321 -35
PENDOWN
CUBIC 316 -25 301 -28 295 -36
CUBIC 308 -46 314 -38 326 -34
CUBIC 334 -35 333 -42 322 -39
PENUP

SETXY 319 -38
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 -39 324 -42 326 -45
CUBIC 321 -47 319 -42 316 -39
CUBIC 323 -46 298 -48 304 -41
CUBIC 302 -43 302 -45 301 -47
CUBIC 300 -47 298 -47 296 -47
CUBIC 296 -44 297 -41 299 -39
CUBIC 295 -42 289 -40 286 -36
CUBIC 289 -38 293 -37 296 -36
PENUP

SETXY 325 -36
PENDOWN
CUBIC 325 -36 326 -36 326 -36
PENUP
</pre>

:: They can be ginormous. Marine turtle species vary greatly in size. The smallest, Kemps Ridley, measure around 70 cm long and weigh up to 40 kg whilst the leatherback can reach up to 180 cm long and weigh 500 kg. That is over 10 times heavier. Amazingly, Wales holds the world record for the largest marine turtle ever found. In 1988, a leatherback was found ashore measuring 2.5 m long, 2.5 m from flipper to flipper and weighing over 900 kg.

<pre>
SETXY 372 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 -46 375 -25 389 -17
CUBIC 382 -16 371 -20 373 -29
CUBIC 374 -35 376 -39 372 -44
CUBIC 373 -37 373 -25 363 -28
SETHEADING 31
FORWARD 1
SETHEADING -89
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 364 -26 364 -25 362 -24
CUBIC 364 -24 363 -22 362 -23
CUBIC 362 -21 362 -20 362 -19
CUBIC 361 -19 359 -20 359 -21
CUBIC 351 -22 351 -32 360 -30
CUBIC 360 -31 361 -31 362 -32
CUBIC 361 -34 359 -33 358 -34
CUBIC 359 -36 362 -35 364 -35
CUBIC 359 -36 361 -42 365 -42
CUBIC 365 -44 363 -43 362 -44
CUBIC 362 -47 368 -45 370 -45
PENUP

SETXY 358 -25
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 -25 357 -26 357 -25
PENUP

SETXY 355 -22
PENDOWN
CUBIC 355 -18 355 -19 358 -21
PENUP

SETXY 503 -3
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 13
FORWARD 19
CUBIC 510 9 511 3 513 -3
PENUP

SETXY 507 14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 507 18 508 22 509 25
PENUP

SETXY 509 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC 505 22 501 18 499 13
PENUP

SETXY 510 26
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 21 513 17 514 12
PENUP

SETXY 506 36
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 17 530 30 520 44
CUBIC 514 48 506 43 506 36
PENUP

SETXY 521 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 31 505 46 507 27
PENUP

SETXY 506 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC 506 34 505 31 504 28
PENUP

SETXY 508 31
PENDOWN
CUBIC 508 29 508 27 509 26
PENUP

SETXY 520 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 39 512 41 508 39
PENUP

SETXY 520 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 44 509 42 507 37
PENUP

SETXY 284 40
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -44
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 288 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 287 44 285 47 283 49
PENUP

SETXY 293 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 292 45 293 49 295 51
PENUP

SETXY 297 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 297 44 299 46 301 47
PENUP

SETXY 356 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 348 42 349 44 353 49
CUBIC 356 52 360 46 362 44
SETHEADING -97
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 448 43
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -50
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 450 44
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -22
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 453 44
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 25
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 458 43
PENDOWN
CUBIC 458 45 460 47 463 48
PENUP
</pre>

:: It’s survival of the fittest. It is estimated that only around one in 1000 marine turtle hatchlings make it to adulthood. This is down to the long time it takes for them to reach maturity and the many dangers faced by hatchlings and juveniles, from predators to marine plastics.

<pre>
SETXY 590 21
PENDOWN
CUBIC 552 11 520 -13 482 -23
CUBIC 474 -33 462 -28 451 -27
SETHEADING 145
FORWARD 9
CUBIC 435 -41 416 -53 394 -59
CUBIC 358 -68 320 -65 283 -66
CUBIC 263 -66 243 -65 224 -64
CUBIC 203 -67 182 -66 162 -62
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 161 -57 157 -58 154 -60
CUBIC 137 -53 120 -47 102 -42
CUBIC 89 -38 94 -47 85 -35
CUBIC 72 -38 60 -43 46 -39
CUBIC 38 -37 30 -39 23 -35
CUBIC 10 -30 -4 -33 -18 -36
CUBIC -32 -39 -46 -36 -60 -42
SETHEADING 15
FORWARD 9
CUBIC -61 -35 -63 -38 -65 -41
CUBIC -86 -47 -108 -41 -130 -43
CUBIC -140 -43 -150 -45 -159 -45
CUBIC -171 -45 -184 -41 -195 -46
PENUP

SETXY -60 -41
PENDOWN
CUBIC -60 -44 -60 -48 -60 -51
CUBIC -62 -48 -62 -44 -66 -43
PENUP

SETXY 82 -35
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -48 86 -61 88 -74
CUBIC 83 -91 85 -91 89 -108
CUBIC 93 -123 81 -119 85 -140
PENUP

SETXY 85 -54
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -49 86 -45 88 -41
PENUP

SETXY 154 -60
PENDOWN
CUBIC 159 -66 161 -72 162 -80
PENUP

SETXY 162 -60
PENDOWN
CUBIC 161 -67 161 -73 163 -79
PENUP

SETXY 224 -64
PENDOWN
CUBIC 223 -76 226 -88 226 -100
PENUP

SETXY 418 -63
PENDOWN
CUBIC 418 -68 421 -75 416 -80
CUBIC 414 -92 415 -105 410 -116
PENUP

SETXY 382 -101
PENDOWN
CUBIC 378 -105 381 -109 383 -113
CUBIC 384 -121 379 -130 382 -138
PENUP

SETXY 591 -88
PENDOWN
CUBIC 589 -89 587 -91 584 -91
CUBIC 584 -91 583 -91 583 -91
CUBIC 576 -97 576 -94 570 -95
CUBIC 565 -99 547 -104 553 -112
CUBIC 548 -111 544 -115 539 -115
CUBIC 535 -114 527 -110 526 -116
CUBIC 528 -124 517 -121 513 -124
CUBIC 508 -120 509 -115 500 -116
CUBIC 490 -114 483 -121 480 -131
CUBIC 473 -146 466 -130 461 -144
CUBIC 457 -151 445 -148 438 -153
CUBIC 434 -156 430 -157 425 -156
CUBIC 422 -157 419 -158 417 -156
CUBIC 417 -150 415 -143 408 -144
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 402 -148 398 -144 394 -144
CUBIC 389 -143 380 -146 378 -139
CUBIC 370 -147 363 -147 363 -160
CUBIC 348 -160 352 -161 340 -153
CUBIC 329 -154 317 -161 306 -153
CUBIC 290 -144 289 -154 276 -158
CUBIC 265 -162 245 -160 242 -174
CUBIC 242 -182 230 -179 224 -181
CUBIC 217 -189 205 -175 197 -180
CUBIC 192 -182 188 -194 181 -189
CUBIC 173 -197 144 -180 135 -174
CUBIC 132 -178 125 -173 122 -177
CUBIC 120 -181 120 -185 114 -183
CUBIC 107 -180 101 -181 102 -172
CUBIC 101 -169 96 -170 93 -169
CUBIC 90 -167 90 -160 85 -162
SETHEADING 3
FORWARD 9
CUBIC 85 -156 84 -159 84 -162
SETHEADING -88
FORWARD 21
CUBIC 59 -163 57 -161 55 -157
CUBIC 50 -160 46 -160 42 -157
CUBIC 36 -156 32 -163 25 -161
CUBIC 17 -164 9 -143 -9 -160

CUBIC -11 -160 -14 -159 -16 -162
CUBIC -22 -166 -27 -148 -34 -159
CUBIC -37 -157 -41 -158 -43 -155
CUBIC -46 -152 -44 -146 -48 -145
CUBIC -45 -154 -59 -169 -67 -159
CUBIC -71 -160 -71 -166 -74 -170
CUBIC -78 -174 -84 -175 -88 -178
CUBIC -92 -184 -98 -177 -103 -180
CUBIC -104 -180 -105 -180 -104 -179
CUBIC -106 -180 -106 -180 -108 -180
PENUP

SETXY 341 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC 349 -147 348 -131 353 -133
CUBIC 358 -132 357 -135 361 -137
CUBIC 363 -137 363 -137 363 -138
CUBIC 366 -138 370 -145 367 -145
PENUP

SETXY 353 -132
PENDOWN
CUBIC 360 -140 362 -150 362 -161
PENUP

SETXY 406 -147
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 -159 405 -160 417 -157
PENUP

SETXY 470 -61
PENDOWN
CUBIC 472 -70 469 -77 475 -84
CUBIC 482 -104 483 -118 476 -138
PENUP

SETXY 464 -137
PENDOWN
CUBIC 466 -130 468 -123 467 -117
CUBIC 466 -116 466 -115 466 -113
CUBIC 466 -110 465 -107 465 -103
PENUP
</pre>

:: They make some interesting noises. Female leatherbacks make some strange noises when they are nesting, some of which sound similar to a human belch.

<pre>
SETXY 529 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 -37 525 -45 523 -63
CUBIC 522 -71 512 -78 516 -87
PENUP

SETXY 555 8
PENDOWN
CUBIC 550 -2 554 -14 550 -24
PENUP

SETXY 495 -19
PENDOWN
CUBIC 492 -28 493 -38 494 -48
PENUP

SETXY 456 -33
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -178
FORWARD 20
CUBIC 456 -42 466 -36 471 -29
PENUP

SETXY 461 -29
PENDOWN
CUBIC 460 -34 460 -38 460 -43
PENUP

SETXY 292 -94
PENDOWN
CUBIC 290 -110 291 -106 294 -119
CUBIC 296 -129 287 -140 292 -147
PENUP

SETXY -28 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC -37 -132 -36 -105 -37 -79
PENUP

SETXY -18 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC -21 -156 -23 -148 -25 -140
PENUP

SETXY -9 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -8 -158 -9 -156 -10 -154
CUBIC -10 -152 -9 -150 -9 -148
CUBIC -8 -144 -11 -139 -11 -135
CUBIC -8 -126 -13 -117 -14 -108
PENUP

SETXY -10 -138
PENDOWN
CUBIC -9 -144 -5 -149 -3 -155
PENUP
</pre>

: Just let it happen.

<pre>
SETXY -48 -145
PENDOWN
CUBIC -49 -136 -53 -128 -53 -119
CUBIC -53 -116 -52 -113 -53 -110

CUBIC -53 -106 -55 -103 -55 -99
PENUP

SETXY -90 -84
PENDOWN
CUBIC -93 -103 -81 -109 -80 -124
CUBIC -74 -133 -69 -143 -69 -154
CUBIC -69 -156 -67 -159 -69 -160
PENUP

SETXY -130 -68
PENDOWN
CUBIC -134 -78 -125 -89 -125 -99
CUBIC -126 -109 -119 -118 -116 -128
CUBIC -116 -129 -116 -130 -116 -131
CUBIC -120 -139 -109 -143 -109 -151
PENUP

SETXY -172 -58
PENDOWN
CUBIC -176 -78 -169 -69 -167 -80
CUBIC -165 -87 -167 -98 -159 -103
PENUP

SETXY -98 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC -98 -52 -97 -65 -95 -71
PENUP

SETXY -144 -44
PENDOWN
CUBIC -143 -50 -142 -56 -141 -62
PENUP

SETXY -15 -34
PENDOWN
CUBIC -15 -40 -17 -47 -14 -53
CUBIC -12 -59 -14 -65 -12 -72
PENUP

SETXY 17 -57
PENDOWN
CUBIC 12 -78 23 -100 20 -122
CUBIC 20 -126 19 -131 22 -135
PENUP

SETXY 51 -41
PENDOWN
CUBIC 53 -53 51 -64 51 -76
CUBIC 51 -78 51 -80 53 -80
PENUP

SETXY 131 -69
PENDOWN
CUBIC 128 -75 126 -82 128 -89
CUBIC 127 -103 125 -118 129 -132
PENUP

SETXY 102 -172
PENDOWN
CUBIC 100 -159 99 -147 110 -139
CUBIC 106 -154 118 -155 121 -166
CUBIC 126 -167 122 -173 122 -177
CUBIC 123 -177 123 -176 123 -176
PENUP

SETXY 117 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 116 -180 114 -176 112 -174
CUBIC 108 -173 107 -168 105 -165
CUBIC 101 -157 102 -146 110 -140
PENUP

SETXY 113 -115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 112 -118 112 -121 114 -123
CUBIC 114 -128 114 -132 116 -136
PENUP

SETXY 181 -188
PENDOWN
CUBIC 184 -183 178 -182 181 -177
CUBIC 182 -176 183 -175 183 -173
CUBIC 180 -170 182 -167 182 -162
CUBIC 183 -159 180 -156 182 -153
PENUP

SETXY 199 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 196 -169 192 -162 189 -154
CUBIC 192 -142 187 -129 186 -117
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have color preferences. Turtles seem to prefer orange and yellow food. They appear to investigate these colors more than others when looking for a meal.

<pre>
SETXY 240 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC 241 -174 238 -170 241 -165
CUBIC 241 -162 239 -159 239 -156
CUBIC 239 -153 240 -151 240 -149
CUBIC 238 -146 239 -142 239 -139
CUBIC 238 -134 230 -131 233 -126
PENUP

SETXY 250 -86
PENDOWN
CUBIC 251 -97 252 -108 254 -119
CUBIC 255 -124 251 -129 253 -133
PENUP

SETXY 333 -85
PENDOWN
CUBIC 331 -91 332 -97 331 -103
CUBIC 330 -105 329 -107 329 -108
CUBIC 330 -110 331 -113 330 -115
PENUP

SETXY 320 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 321 -155 322 -152 321 -149
PENUP

SETXY 270 -153
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -173
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 442 -151
PENDOWN
CUBIC 442 -154 446 -156 449 -155
CUBIC 450 -153 448 -151 449 -149
PENUP

SETXY 515 -124
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 -128 523 -126 521 -122
PENUP

SETXY 156 -15
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -27
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 162 -13
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -27
FORWARD 9
PENUP

SETXY 166 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 166 -10 166 -7 167 -3
PENUP

SETXY 172 -14
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 -12 174 -9 176 -8
PENUP
</pre>

: You know, I’m beginning to suspect it’s turtles all the way down.

<pre>
SETXY 200 -179
PENDOWN
CUBIC 197 -182 196 -186 195 -190
CUBIC 191 -199 186 -207 182 -216
CUBIC 186 -218 190 -215 193 -213
CUBIC 199 -208 206 -207 212 -203
CUBIC 219 -200 227 -203 235 -201
CUBIC 242 -198 249 -194 257 -193
CUBIC 262 -191 261 -182 265 -179
CUBIC 273 -176 272 -167 268 -160
PENUP

SETXY 291 -150
PENDOWN
CUBIC 293 -155 295 -160 295 -166
CUBIC 300 -163 300 -156 307 -155
PENUP

SETXY 271 -168
PENDOWN
CUBIC 274 -173 281 -174 286 -176
PENUP

SETXY 263 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 263 -185 267 -187 271 -187
CUBIC 274 -187 276 -193 278 -190
PENUP

SETXY 259 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 256 -196 266 -200 270 -202
CUBIC 271 -201 272 -201 273 -203
PENUP
</pre>

:: Marine turtles can migrate incredibly long distances. The longest known record is for a female leatherback who swam nearly 13,000 miles over 647 days from Indonesia to the west coast of America. That is over 20 miles a day.

<pre>
SETXY 329 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 329 -155 331 -157 330 -158
CUBIC 326 -171 315 -179 306 -189
CUBIC 313 -189 311 -188 314 -195
CUBIC 337 -194 335 -183 352 -179
CUBIC 369 -174 408 -177 412 -156
PENUP

SETXY 542 -115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 523 -132 504 -147 488 -166
CUBIC 468 -174 452 -188 434 -200
CUBIC 412 -214 385 -215 361 -225
CUBIC 351 -229 342 -234 333 -239
CUBIC 317 -247 299 -248 283 -255
CUBIC 269 -269 264 -270 245 -272
CUBIC 240 -274 236 -279 231 -281
CUBIC 224 -284 215 -279 209 -283
CUBIC 196 -294 200 -320 176 -300
PENUP

SETXY 188 -307

PENDOWN
CUBIC 191 -317 183 -328 173 -322
CUBIC 166 -322 157 -317 158 -309
PENUP

SETXY 182 -324
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -324 181 -324 182 -324
CUBIC 187 -329 182 -339 185 -346
CUBIC 195 -357 189 -367 194 -379
CUBIC 198 -385 204 -389 205 -396
CUBIC 211 -406 227 -406 233 -416
PENUP

SETXY -105 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC -100 -208 -77 -198 -72 -208
CUBIC -66 -207 -62 -212 -60 -217
CUBIC -54 -225 -35 -223 -35 -236
CUBIC -36 -254 -21 -227 -11 -276
CUBIC -7 -278 -5 -282 -6 -286
CUBIC -8 -297 -7 -309 -6 -320
CUBIC -6 -333 -3 -347 -4 -361
CUBIC -6 -367 -8 -373 -9 -380
CUBIC -13 -397 -29 -405 -43 -412
CUBIC -28 -411 -12 -405 3 -406
CUBIC 6 -406 10 -403 13 -404
CUBIC 22 -411 23 -409 34 -405
CUBIC 40 -404 46 -409 53 -411
CUBIC 63 -415 75 -411 82 -402
CUBIC 92 -406 101 -415 112 -416
CUBIC 117 -415 120 -410 124 -408
CUBIC 136 -403 150 -422 161 -410
CUBIC 166 -409 172 -415 177 -413
CUBIC 184 -405 194 -412 203 -411
CUBIC 203 -410 203 -408 204 -407
CUBIC 214 -412 224 -415 235 -416
PENUP

SETXY 32 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 29 -174 38 -182 33 -197
CUBIC 32 -205 37 -212 40 -220
CUBIC 50 -251 26 -282 1 -297
PENUP

SETXY 33 -203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 17 -194 32 -239 19 -253
CUBIC 6 -267 19 -263 -3 -281
PENUP

SETXY 24 -211
PENDOWN
CUBIC 22 -204 17 -194 8 -194
CUBIC 6 -194 4 -198 6 -200
CUBIC 6 -180 -13 -185 -23 -175
CUBIC -25 -163 -41 -168 -41 -155
PENUP

SETXY -31 -243
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 136
FORWARD 1
CUBIC -27 -243 -21 -242 -21 -237
PENUP

SETXY -36 -232
PENDOWN
CUBIC -35 -229 -34 -227 -32 -224
PENUP

SETXY -16 -257
PENDOWN
CUBIC -12 -256 -8 -254 -7 -251
PENUP

SETXY -13 -269
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 -265 -9 -261 -7 -259
PENUP
</pre>

:: They always return home. Females return to the same beach they hatched on to lay their own eggs and bury them in sand nests. Marine turtles’ amazing ability to navigate comes from their sensitivity to the Earth’s magnetic fields.

<pre>
SETXY 1 -252
PENDOWN
CUBIC 3 -250 4 -248 5 -245
PENUP

SETXY -44 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -42 -167 -36 -170 -29 -172
CUBIC -25 -175 -24 -183 -19 -185
CUBIC -13 -187 -4 -185 -2 -193
CUBIC -0 -196 -1 -201 3 -203
PENUP

SETXY -99 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC -96 -198 -76 -198 -69 -201
CUBIC -66 -201 -64 -202 -62 -205
CUBIC -57 -214 -47 -220 -38 -226
PENUP

SETXY -83 -188
PENDOWN
CUBIC -80 -189 -76 -189 -73 -188
CUBIC -65 -192 -57 -198 -52 -205
CUBIC -51 -207 -50 -208 -47 -208
CUBIC -44 -209 -43 -214 -40 -214
PENUP

SETXY -59 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -184 -50 -170 -41 -188
PENUP

SETXY -14 -212
PENDOWN
CUBIC -9 -215 -5 -219 -5 -225
CUBIC -3 -229 3 -230 4 -235
PENUP

SETXY -10 -386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 7 -361 -5 -330 -0 -303
PENUP

SETXY -7 -315
PENDOWN
CUBIC -7 -324 -7 -333 -9 -342
CUBIC -9 -349 -3 -355 -4 -361
PENUP

SETXY -1 -393
PENDOWN
CUBIC 2 -380 10 -366 6 -352
CUBIC -1 -337 -0 -316 10 -302
PENUP

SETXY 7 -396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 9 -387 9 -377 12 -369
CUBIC 15 -364 16 -360 11 -356
CUBIC 8 -352 5 -347 5 -342
PENUP

SETXY 10 -341
PENDOWN
CUBIC 12 -344 14 -346 15 -349
CUBIC 23 -315 1 -313 10 -341
PENUP

SETXY 16 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC 25 -357 22 -344 23 -338
PENUP

SETXY 56 -237
PENDOWN
CUBIC 59 -264 22 -281 28 -308
CUBIC 30 -326 33 -346 29 -363
CUBIC 27 -370 22 -376 21 -383
CUBIC 20 -388 20 -394 17 -399
PENUP
</pre>

: Move the turtle. Playing. Working. Just having fun.

<pre>
SETXY 8 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 10 -400 12 -396 14 -393
CUBIC 13 -397 14 -402 16 -406
PENUP

SETXY 77 -406
PENDOWN
CUBIC 81 -400 83 -394 84 -387
CUBIC 83 -393 83 -399 86 -404
PENUP

SETXY 72 -167
PENDOWN
CUBIC 66 -188 71 -208 79 -227
CUBIC 79 -235 75 -242 79 -250
CUBIC 79 -254 74 -257 75 -261
PENUP

SETXY 76 -280
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 -290 79 -301 74 -310
CUBIC 70 -320 65 -323 67 -335
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some more interesting bits from “Interesting Facts About Turtles”, a little nature study by a scientist, Forest and Stream, January 1916.
:: The laying of eggs. This is one of the most instructive things that I have ever watched. Invariably, they chose in my yard a situation with a southern exposure when desiring to lay. In only two instances was an eastern exposure observed, and once a western. Part of the yard being a cement walk, we could sometimes observe the female making motions as for digging the nest. Sometimes for a half a day, she would remain stationary, and with her back legs commence to work for this purpose. Lifting her to the grass plot, in a short time she would commence to dig. First with the left hind foot, she would remove a little dirt and pile it upon her left side, then with the right hind foot, and pile the removed dirt upon the right side. This would be repeated again and again, probably for hours, until the proper size hole and depth was obtained.

<pre>
SETXY 49 -301
PENDOWN
CUBIC 41 -316 45 -330 48 -345
CUBIC 48 -354 42 -362 41 -371
CUBIC 43 -383 40 -395 33 -405
PENUP

SETXY 38 -396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 37 -400 38 -405 42 -408
PENUP

SETXY 121 -409
PENDOWN
CUBIC 128 -400 123 -388 125 -377
CUBIC 126 -374 127 -371 127 -368
CUBIC 121 -359 128 -349 125 -340
CUBIC 116 -329 118 -315 116 -302
PENUP

SETXY 94 -302
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -312 92 -327 89 -339
CUBIC 80 -348 87 -359 84 -370
CUBIC 83 -372 82 -377 86 -377
PENUP

SETXY 124 -257
PENDOWN
CUBIC 120 -270 123 -285 132 -296
CUBIC 136 -302 134 -310 136 -316
PENUP

SETXY 144 -320
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -325 150 -334 147 -341
CUBIC 145 -353 154 -348 149 -361
PENUP

SETXY 142 -371
PENDOWN
CUBIC 144 -377 137 -383 140 -389
CUBIC 143 -392 144 -395 143 -399
PENUP

SETXY 125 -395
PENDOWN
CUBIC 126 -399 128 -407 132 -406
PENUP

SETXY 158 -413
PENDOWN
CUBIC 168 -398 157 -379 161 -361
CUBIC 161 -362 161 -362 161 -363
PENUP

SETXY 163 -399
PENDOWN
CUBIC 162 -404 164 -409 169 -412
PENUP

SETXY 203 -410
PENDOWN
CUBIC 205 -400 200 -404 197 -396
CUBIC 195 -384 182 -381 185 -366
CUBIC 190 -352 175 -345 179 -329
PENUP

SETXY 172 -331
PENDOWN
CUBIC 169 -339 178 -348 176 -357
PENUP

SETXY 179 -373
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -381 182 -388 187 -394
PENUP

SETXY -3 -285
PENDOWN
CUBIC -8 -297 -3 -310 -5 -323
PENUP

SETXY -10 -388
PENDOWN
CUBIC -12 -400 -24 -404 -33 -409
PENUP

SETXY -11 -400
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 -392 -5 -383 -3 -374
PENUP

SETXY 187 -302
PENDOWN
CUBIC 205 -301 191 -274 221 -278
PENUP

SETXY 233 -272
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 -262 259 -271 273 -253
CUBIC 287 -241 311 -247 323 -232
PENUP

SETXY 182 -249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 195 -245 204 -231 218 -226
CUBIC 229 -223 243 -226 252 -219
PENUP

SETXY 257 -197
PENDOWN
CUBIC 242 -200 241 -210 221 -206
CUBIC 210 -205 202 -216 191 -218
PENUP

SETXY 183 -196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -201 180 -206 175 -210
CUBIC 170 -219 166 -230 164 -240
PENUP
</pre>

:: Egg-laying does not always occur during the daytime, as I have observed one or two digging away past midnight. Sometimes they will have dug for about an inch or so and then not make any more progress downward. In these instances they have met with obstructions like a small stone which they cannot remove. I have, with a pair of forceps, removed the obstruction on several occasions with the turtle still in-situ, and after a minute or two she resumes her work.

<pre>
SETXY 179 -219
PENDOWN
CUBIC 170 -224 171 -238 168 -247
CUBIC 165 -254 168 -260 170 -267
CUBIC 172 -277 163 -292 174 -298
PENUP

SETXY 156 -246
PENDOWN
CUBIC 160 -256 156 -266 154 -276
CUBIC 154 -282 158 -288 157 -293
PENUP

SETXY 147 -241
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -251 145 -261 144 -271
CUBIC 144 -278 148 -284 148 -291
CUBIC 148 -295 146 -300 150 -303
PENUP

SETXY 163 -247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 -255 163 -262 164 -270
CUBIC 164 -280 157 -294 167 -300
PENUP

SETXY 176 -305
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -306 183 -311 186 -309
PENUP

SETXY 180 -263
PENDOWN
CUBIC 181 -270 180 -280 188 -282
PENUP

SETXY 248 -234
PENDOWN
CUBIC 253 -232 254 -235 257 -237
CUBIC 263 -236 261 -242 257 -242
CUBIC 249 -245 241 -248 234 -252
CUBIC 231 -255 227 -255 223 -253
CUBIC 219 -253 216 -257 212 -256
CUBIC 223 -247 233 -236 248 -234
PENUP

SETXY 273 -233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 286 -220 280 -226 294 -226
CUBIC 307 -224 315 -213 326 -207
CUBIC 340 -205 355 -201 367 -192
PENUP
</pre>

: There is an artist in the bottom of everybody.

<pre>
SETXY 304 -190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 300 -194 294 -194 290 -191
PENUP

SETXY 314 -195
PENDOWN
CUBIC 306 -215 286 -197 274 -209
PENUP

SETXY 343 -187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 363 -173 397 -185 413 -164
PENUP

SETXY 458 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 442 -186 425 -198 407 -205
CUBIC 395 -207 383 -205 373 -212
CUBIC 360 -219 345 -223 335 -233
PENUP

SETXY 513 -132
PENDOWN
CUBIC 506 -137 500 -143 495 -150
CUBIC 494 -153 492 -154 489 -155
CUBIC 482 -159 477 -170 468 -170
PENUP

SETXY 455 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 447 -162 439 -173 427 -174
PENUP

SETXY 404 -185
PENDOWN
CUBIC 399 -187 394 -190 388 -192
PENUP

SETXY 366 -203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 359 -205 353 -211 346 -215
PENUP

SETXY 124 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 124 -212 98 -213 93 -230
CUBIC 89 -243 86 -259 94 -272
PENUP

SETXY 132 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC 140 -212 129 -202 119 -225
CUBIC 106 -235 101 -253 106 -268
CUBIC 106 -273 104 -279 109 -283
PENUP

SETXY 152 -194
PENDOWN
CUBIC 149 -211 134 -211 136 -241
PENUP

SETXY 141 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC 142 -185 141 -189 139 -193
PENUP

SETXY 166 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 166 -197 164 -203 159 -209
CUBIC 157 -214 157 -220 155 -225
PENUP

SETXY 48 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 45 -171 48 -182 53 -191
CUBIC 55 -199 50 -208 55 -214
PENUP
</pre>

:: The nest or repository is about 3 inches in depth and about an inch and a half or a little more in width. When she has it finished, she discharges her eggs into it. When the egg is deposited in the hole, she is not just satisfied in dropping it, but she reaches down with her hind leg and places the egg horizontally and covers a little dirt over it. Then the second egg and the remaining eggs are all treated similarly and when the last one is deposited and placed, she commences to fill up with the dirt that remains. This she puts into the hole with an alternate right and left leg until all is filled in.

<pre>
SETXY 34 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 36 -169 37 -178 37 -188
CUBIC 35 -197 38 -205 43 -213
PENUP

SETXY 38 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 38 -162 39 -167 40 -172
PENUP

SETXY 83 -190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 77 -197 82 -205 87 -210
CUBIC 89 -215 90 -220 97 -217
CUBIC 124 -204 107 -166 83 -190
PENUP

SETXY 90 -204
PENDOWN
CUBIC 94 -214 104 -205 102 -198
CUBIC 97 -196 87 -197 90 -204
PENUP

SETXY 94 -218
PENDOWN
CUBIC 95 -215 95 -212 96 -209
CUBIC 94 -212 91 -214 89 -216
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 96 -209
PENDOWN
CUBIC 97 -211 98 -213 99 -216
PENUP

SETXY 89 -200
PENDOWN
CUBIC 85 -204 85 -195 89 -194
CUBIC 93 -193 98 -193 102 -192
CUBIC 107 -191 107 -201 102 -198
PENUP

SETXY 94 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 93 -188 98 -189 97 -193
PENUP

SETXY 160 -121
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 -145 166 -129 159 -162
PENUP

SETXY 147 -166
PENDOWN
CUBIC 148 -171 147 -177 145 -182
PENUP

SETXY 182 -298
PENDOWN
CUBIC 189 -298 193 -292 195 -287
PENUP

SETXY 193 -304
PENDOWN
CUBIC 199 -300 204 -294 207 -287
CUBIC 207 -286 208 -284 210 -284
CUBIC 243 -283 230 -276 251 -271
PENUP

SETXY -31 -243
PENDOWN
CUBIC -30 -248 -23 -249 -20 -253
CUBIC -16 -259 -18 -269 -12 -274
CUBIC -8 -277 -8 -281 -9 -285
CUBIC -11 -301 -7 -317 -6 -333
PENUP

SETXY 240 -274
PENDOWN
CUBIC 249 -268 264 -274 273 -266
CUBIC 276 -263 278 -260 281 -258
CUBIC 287 -256 293 -257 298 -253
CUBIC 309 -245 323 -245 335 -240
CUBIC 340 -237 344 -231 349 -232
PENUP

SETXY 345 -232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 351 -226 362 -225 371 -224
CUBIC 388 -218 404 -210 421 -206
PENUP

SETXY 182 -325
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 -336 185 -346 189 -356
CUBIC 187 -367 196 -375 197 -386
CUBIC 196 -393 208 -394 210 -402
PENUP

SETXY -104 -197
PENDOWN
CUBIC -98 -197 -95 -204 -89 -205
CUBIC -73 -202 -67 -211 -57 -221
CUBIC -48 -226 -35 -227 -35 -241
CUBIC -31 -249 -21 -252 -19 -262
PENUP

SETXY 257 -193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 -203 211 -201 191 -215
CUBIC 187 -216 180 -217 179 -222
CUBIC 180 -214 184 -206 188 -199
CUBIC 191 -194 190 -186 195 -182
PENUP

SETXY 32 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 33 -167 32 -175 34 -181
CUBIC 37 -190 35 -200 36 -209
CUBIC 34 -205 30 -201 28 -207
CUBIC 28 -210 28 -214 24 -217
CUBIC 23 -209 14 -189 6 -198
CUBIC 5 -200 4 -202 3 -199
CUBIC -4 -175 -12 -191 -24 -177
CUBIC -28 -160 -38 -173 -43 -156
PENUP

SETXY 413 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 -173 386 -177 370 -175
CUBIC 367 -175 364 -175 363 -177
CUBIC 361 -184 358 -181 353 -180
CUBIC 343 -180 318 -205 311 -194
CUBIC 310 -195 309 -195 308 -194
SETHEADING 24
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 307 -190 305 -190 303 -191
CUBIC 305 -176 331 -168 329 -152
PENUP

SETXY -198 94
PENDOWN
CUBIC -177 101 -155 109 -132 110
CUBIC -124 110 -116 107 -108 108
CUBIC -90 114 -71 112 -52 114
PENUP

SETXY -21 114
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 116 -7 117 -1 112
CUBIC 11 112 23 113 34 110
PENUP

SETXY 60 108
PENDOWN
CUBIC 72 106 85 109 97 110
CUBIC 100 110 101 111 103 112
CUBIC 105 112 108 111 109 113
PENUP

SETXY 127 113
PENDOWN
CUBIC 141 116 152 103 168 110
CUBIC 224 116 281 109 336 105
SETHEADING -126
FORWARD 13
CUBIC 333 95 329 91 325 88
CUBIC 347 80 371 88 394 86
CUBIC 405 85 415 82 426 81
CUBIC 451 84 476 66 499 74
CUBIC 514 79 538 80 553 72
CUBIC 564 71 576 74 587 69
CUBIC 589 68 588 69 591 68
PENUP

SETXY 336 105
PENDOWN
CUBIC 335 99 336 92 338 85
PENUP

SETXY 330 93
PENDOWN
CUBIC 330 90 331 87 332 85
PENUP

SETXY 272 109
PENDOWN
CUBIC 319 121 362 144 398 175
CUBIC 406 182 414 189 424 192
CUBIC 434 184 444 175 452 165
CUBIC 462 151 473 138 486 128
CUBIC 509 110 530 88 556 74
PENUP

SETXY 382 161
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -133
FORWARD 16
SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 30
CUBIC 395 155 393 150 392 144
CUBIC 426 170 407 159 423 147
SETHEADING 38
FORWARD 13
CUBIC 434 155 435 147 440 148
CUBIC 442 149 442 154 445 153
CUBIC 452 151 458 147 464 144
CUBIC 461 149 459 153 457 158
PENUP

SETXY 220 115
PENDOWN
CUBIC 246 124 269 142 293 154
CUBIC 304 148 314 140 325 133
CUBIC 326 133 327 132 327 132
CUBIC 328 133 328 135 328 134
PENUP

SETXY 269 139
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 8
SETHEADING 68
FORWARD 19
CUBIC 280 139 279 137 280 135
CUBIC 287 140 290 141 297 134
CUBIC 295 141 300 141 304 137
CUBIC 306 135 311 137 309 140
SETHEADING 112
FORWARD 7
CUBIC 315 139 314 141 312 142
PENUP
</pre>

:: After it is all done, she pats it with both her hind feet together, and then, with her body raised and lowered, pats and smooths over the place where the eggs are buried. Then she leaves it and never looks after it, as the sun now plays its part in hatching the eggs. The eggs are whitish in color with a semi-elastic shell, about the size of a pidgeon egg.

<pre>
SETXY 483 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 570 178 507 182 591 112
PENUP

SETXY 512 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 147 508 144 507 142
SETHEADING 64
FORWARD 18
CUBIC 522 147 521 145 520 142
CUBIC 532 153 534 144 544 138
CUBIC 545 141 545 144 546 147
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 15
PENUP

SETXY 421 268
PENDOWN
CUBIC 423 276 424 285 425 294
CUBIC 422 295 423 299 425 300
CUBIC 427 302 434 300 431 297
CUBIC 429 294 426 294 423 295
CUBIC 426 294 430 295 431 297
CUBIC 438 290 444 283 450 275
PENUP

SETXY 426 282
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 4
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 432 282 434 288 439 283
CUBIC 440 283 440 283 440 283
SETHEADING 121
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 422 283
PENDOWN
CUBIC 421 282 420 282 418 282
CUBIC 420 280 419 277 417 278
CUBIC 417 274 419 273 414 271
CUBIC 414 270 416 270 416 268
CUBIC 417 267 415 265 416 264
CUBIC 417 263 420 264 420 262
CUBIC 419 258 424 259 426 258
CUBIC 428 256 430 258 432 259
CUBIC 439 256 435 263 446 260
CUBIC 445 268 451 263 450 272
CUBIC 453 263 448 264 447 257
CUBIC 435 259 441 252 432 256
CUBIC 426 251 427 258 423 255
CUBIC 419 257 417 261 414 264
PENUP

SETXY 428 273
PENDOWN
CUBIC 426 271 429 271 430 269
CUBIC 432 268 435 269 436 270
CUBIC 441 275 431 278 428 273
PENUP

SETXY 415 279
PENDOWN
CUBIC 405 290 398 302 389 313
CUBIC 395 293 404 275 411 256
CUBIC 416 249 426 245 433 239
SETHEADING -16
FORWARD 14
PENUP

SETXY 386 311
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 291 400 271 409 252
CUBIC 415 246 422 242 429 236
PENUP

SETXY 382 309
PENDOWN
CUBIC 391 289 398 267 407 247
CUBIC 413 242 420 239 425 234
PENUP

SETXY 384 301
PENDOWN
CUBIC 382 301 381 300 380 300
SETHEADING 149
FORWARD 27
PENUP

SETXY 433 469
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 154
FORWARD 17
PENUP

SETXY 447 443
PENDOWN
CUBIC 450 438 453 433 456 428
PENUP

SETXY 463 418
PENDOWN
CUBIC 466 414 470 409 473 405
PENUP

SETXY 480 397
PENDOWN
CUBIC 483 393 487 389 490 385
PENUP

SETXY 496 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC 499 375 503 371 506 368
PENUP

SETXY 512 363
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 128
FORWARD 16
PENUP

SETXY 532 349
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 345 540 343 544 340
PENUP

SETXY 552 336
PENDOWN
CUBIC 556 332 561 330 565 327
PENUP

SETXY 574 322
PENDOWN
CUBIC 579 320 583 318 588 316
PENUP

SETXY 476 451
PENDOWN
CUBIC 480 445 479 438 481 432
CUBIC 483 438 486 444 488 450
PENUP

SETXY 490 433
PENDOWN
CUBIC 495 459 500 456 504 432
PENUP

SETXY 492 442
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 92
FORWARD 9
PENUP
</pre>

:: The number laid by a turtle varies. I have seen three, and on one occasion I have seen eight laid at one sitting. I have also observed one turtle laying its eggs, covering them over, and a little later – a day or two - another female dig in the same place, remove the eggs, and lay her own in this doubly-dug repository. Once a female dug six hours and laid four eggs. Another dug several hours, the hole measured two inches across, and three and one half inches in depth, and she laid eight eggs within a half hour.

<pre>
SETXY 517 448
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 459 500 425 519 434
PENUP

SETXY 522 450
PENDOWN
CUBIC 518 424 540 427 534 451
PENUP

SETXY 540 449
PENDOWN
CUBIC 533 425 558 428 552 451
PENUP

SETXY 556 433
PENDOWN
CUBIC 556 438 557 443 557 449
CUBIC 569 437 564 444 574 450
CUBIC 575 444 572 437 573 431
PENUP

SETXY 505 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 511 402 512 409 511 415
CUBIC 507 419 502 419 497 419
CUBIC 498 414 498 410 498 405
CUBIC 497 398 498 396 505 400
PENUP

SETXY 526 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 522 419 518 419 514 419
CUBIC 516 397 509 398 526 402
PENUP

SETXY 522 411
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 411 516 409 515 410
PENUP

SETXY 541 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 526 427 526 392 541 403
PENUP

SETXY 544 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 548 425 554 422 559 399
PENUP

SETXY 546 408
PENDOWN
CUBIC 549 409 552 410 556 409
PENUP

SETXY 567 398
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 1
FORWARD 12
CUBIC 564 410 562 415 559 416
PENUP

SETXY 567 410
PENDOWN
CUBIC 569 413 572 415 575 418
PENUP

SETXY 4 376
PENDOWN
CUBIC 3 373 1 369 0 366
CUBIC -11 371 -25 373 -38 377
CUBIC -35 382 -42 384 -45 388
SETHEADING 44
FORWARD 11
CUBIC -33 394 -25 378 -24 388
CUBIC -28 389 -25 396 -21 394
CUBIC -17 393 -19 387 -23 388
CUBIC -25 384 -22 384 -19 383
CUBIC -13 382 -1 377 4 376
PENUP

SETXY -39 370
PENDOWN
CUBIC -40 365 -31 369 -35 372
CUBIC -37 374 -39 372 -39 370
PENUP

SETXY -25 368
PENDOWN
CUBIC -26 367 -25 364 -23 365
CUBIC -17 364 -22 374 -25 368
PENUP

SETXY -9 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 356 1 363 -5 366
CUBIC -7 366 -10 363 -9 361
PENUP

SETXY -35 372
PENDOWN
CUBIC -28 376 -21 381 -23 370
PENUP

SETXY -6 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC -6 368 -5 372 -7 374
CUBIC -12 376 -17 378 -22 379
CUBIC -22 379 -24 376 -24 376
PENUP

SETXY -4 379
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 18
FORWARD 13
CUBIC -1 392 -2 392 -4 392
CUBIC -2 394 -1 397 -1 400
CUBIC 3 399 7 398 11 396
CUBIC 11 394 10 391 9 388
CUBIC 7 389 5 390 3 390
CUBIC 2 387 -0 380 -0 378
PENUP

SETXY 2 370
PENDOWN
CUBIC 7 364 10 375 4 374
CUBIC 4 374 4 375 4 375
PENUP

SETXY 20 381
PENDOWN
CUBIC 20 377 25 377 26 380
CUBIC 28 385 20 386 20 381
PENUP

SETXY 7 373
PENDOWN
CUBIC 11 374 15 377 19 379
PENUP

SETXY 23 378
PENDOWN
CUBIC 24 375 24 369 24 366
PENUP

SETXY 25 363
PENDOWN
CUBIC 25 362 27 362 28 361
CUBIC 28 364 29 366 29 368
CUBIC 29 368 27 368 27 368
CUBIC 25 368 25 364 25 363
PENUP

SETXY 26 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 360 26 359 26 357
SETHEADING 28
FORWARD 0
PENUP
</pre>

:: Not all eggs hatch out, but in the instance where eight were laid, I had the pleasure of seeing six little baby turtles come out. Other eggs which were laid in a hole with a western or eastern exposure never came to anything. I have dug carefully into these nests, but I have always come upon decomposing eggs.

<pre>
SETXY 25 343
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 344 28 344 29 345
CUBIC 28 342 33 338 36 339
CUBIC 35 338 35 336 35 335
PENUP

SETXY 31 344
PENDOWN
CUBIC 33 341 35 339 38 338
CUBIC 41 345 31 351 29 345
CUBIC 31 352 22 350 27 347
CUBIC 28 347 28 344 30 344
CUBIC 31 344 31 343 32 343
PENUP

SETXY 37 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 37 337 38 336 39 336
PENUP

SETXY 99 391
PENDOWN
CUBIC 104 358 160 347 175 378
PENUP

SETXY 179 389
PENDOWN
CUBIC 196 446 105 460 99 403
PENUP

SETXY 185 396
PENDOWN
CUBIC 250 368 27 405 97 411
PENUP

SETXY 98 416
PENDOWN
CUBIC -45 426 202 361 224 385
CUBIC 220 395 195 400 184 402
PENUP

SETXY 251 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 380 250 374 255 375
CUBIC 260 377 256 385 251 382
PENUP

SETXY -190 419
PENDOWN
CUBIC -194 416 -197 413 -201 409
CUBIC -198 407 -167 428 -176 427
CUBIC -186 425 -208 412 -208 402
CUBIC -199 400 -172 418 -167 427
PENUP

SETXY -96 432
PENDOWN
CUBIC -89 425 -82 428 -93 434
CUBIC -115 445 -91 421 -82 421
CUBIC -76 423 -86 433 -89 435
PENUP

SETXY -237 324
PENDOWN
CUBIC -232 327 -228 330 -223 334
CUBIC -229 333 -234 334 -240 334
CUBIC -235 330 -230 326 -226 323
CUBIC -227 328 -229 333 -231 338
CUBIC -233 333 -235 328 -237 324
PENUP

SETXY -253 328
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -254 332
PENDOWN
CUBIC -254 332 -254 333 -254 334
PENUP

SETXY -251 332
PENDOWN
CUBIC -250 332 -250 333 -249 333
PENUP

SETXY -249 328
PENDOWN
CUBIC -248 329 -248 329 -247 329
PENUP

SETXY -250 325
PENDOWN
CUBIC -249 325 -249 324 -248 324
PENUP

SETXY -253 324
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 166
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY -255 324
PENDOWN
CUBIC -256 324 -256 323 -256 322
PENUP

SETXY -259 326
PENDOWN
CUBIC -259 326 -260 325 -260 325
PENUP

SETXY -257 330
PENDOWN
CUBIC -258 330 -258 331 -259 331
PENUP

SETXY -185 103
PENDOWN
CUBIC -287 237 -131 426 18 347
CUBIC 104 298 138 193 80 109
PENUP
</pre>

:: For the most interesting egg laying I ever witnessed, the turtle commenced to dig at 8 p.m. and was still busy at work the next morning at 8 o’clock. Five days later, a second turtle dug these eggs out arid, deposited four of her own, and covered the nest up. Personally, I do not believe that the turtle digging out the previous batch of eggs was vindictive or mischievous, but that the ground seemed soft and easily worked. Therefore, it took advantage of the spot.

<pre>
SETXY 43 300
PENDOWN
CUBIC 46 300 50 298 53 298
CUBIC 60 298 61 290 63 285
PENUP

SETXY 28 310
PENDOWN
CUBIC 34 310 34 310 34 304
PENUP

SETXY 48 325
PENDOWN
CUBIC 47 323 50 322 51 320
CUBIC 52 318 53 317 55 317
CUBIC 56 316 56 312 59 313
PENUP

SETXY 74 298
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 295 73 290 77 288
CUBIC 77 282 76 279 82 275
CUBIC 87 270 85 263 89 257
CUBIC 92 253 94 249 98 245
CUBIC 101 243 102 239 104 235
PENUP

SETXY 107 219
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -34
FORWARD 3
CUBIC 104 218 104 214 105 210
SETHEADING 59
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 105 206 106 202 106 198
CUBIC 107 198 107 199 107 199
CUBIC 108 198 108 197 107 197
CUBIC 107 197 107 198 108 198
PENUP
</pre>

: “Average Person Paints Three Turtles A Year” Factoid Actually Just Statistical Error
:: Average person paints zero turtles per year. Turtles Geord, who lives in cave and eats over 10,000 each day, is an outlier and should not have been counted.

<pre>
SETXY 104 166
PENDOWN
CUBIC 102 167 99 161 101 160
CUBIC 104 158 94 149 98 143
PENUP

SETXY -203 227
PENDOWN
CUBIC -202 229 -201 227 -202 226
CUBIC -200 234 -195 241 -193 249
CUBIC -193 251 -194 254 -192 255
CUBIC -202 243 -203 246 -203 227
PENUP

SETXY -192 285
PENDOWN
CUBIC -189 285 -187 287 -184 287
CUBIC -181 287 -178 282 -175 282
CUBIC -141 282 -148 295 -126 302
CUBIC -120 303 -115 301 -109 305
CUBIC -100 311 -90 314 -81 318
CUBIC -67 332 -53 345 -40 359
CUBIC -42 360 -47 352 -40 359
CUBIC -42 360 -42 363 -41 364
PENUP

SETXY -161 154
PENDOWN
CUBIC -161 154 -162 154 -162 154
CUBIC -162 153 -161 154 -162 154
PENUP

SETXY -151 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC -151 149 -150 147 -150 148
PENUP

SETXY -138 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC -138 145 -137 144 -136 145
PENUP
</pre>

:: The young turtles, when they make their emergence at the end of three months, are dark in color and quite active. If you place one on its back at this time, it will arch its head and neck and come around to its normal position. The shell, of course, is quite soft, but in about three years, the shell really becomes hardened, though some clear portions of the shell around the edges are still soft. The color of the shell gradually changes to that usually seen in the head and soft parts are mottled, speckled, or of a solid color. I have two in my collection where the head and neck are solid yellow.

<pre>
SETXY -102 144
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 143 -107 139 -104 137
CUBIC -103 137 -100 140 -101 138
CUBIC -100 140 -99 143 -102 143
CUBIC -102 143 -103 142 -103 142
CUBIC -103 143 -103 143 -103 143
PENUP

SETXY -202 141
PENDOWN
CUBIC -198 139 -198 132 -196 128
CUBIC -195 130 -192 128 -193 126
CUBIC -194 124 -195 122 -194 121
CUBIC -187 120 -191 115 -188 111
SETHEADING -38
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY -216 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC -214 196 -213 193 -215 191
CUBIC -213 190 -213 177 -213 174
PENUP

SETXY -202 171
PENDOWN
CUBIC -202 168 -203 165 -200 164
PENUP

SETXY 255 261
PENDOWN
CUBIC 254 272 258 284 265 293
CUBIC 276 277 268 258 266 241
CUBIC 263 240 258 243 255 241
CUBIC 253 247 255 255 255 261
PENUP

SETXY 257 237
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 231 260 220 258 211
CUBIC 257 220 270 227 264 236
PENUP
</pre>

: Do you know what a sea turtle’s favorite sandwich is? Peanut butter and jellyfish. That sounds weird, but it’s actually true. Just ask the next sea turtle you meet. But I think we shouldn’t mention it to the jellyfish.

<pre>
SETXY 259 233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 232 258 228 258 226
PENUP

SETXY 262 233
PENDOWN
CUBIC 263 231 262 228 261 226
PENUP

SETXY 268 251
PENDOWN
CUBIC 275 250 272 242 273 237
CUBIC 271 239 269 240 267 241
PENUP

SETXY 254 253
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 252 247 245 247 240
CUBIC 249 241 252 242 254 243
PENUP
</pre>

: Here are some interesting observations from “Odd Facts About Turtles”, Christian Observer, May 11th 1919.
:: It has been said that the turtle, like the whale, has no other enemy than man, in as much as both the little creature and the big pursue their various ways in practical immunity from harm and the fear of sudden death.

<pre>
SETXY 255 267
PENDOWN
CUBIC 260 264 265 264 270 264
PENUP

SETXY 254 260
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 259 264 259 269 258
PENUP

SETXY 124 293
PENDOWN
CUBIC 127 296 132 295 134 292
CUBIC 135 296 143 296 145 292
PENUP

SETXY 153 312
PENDOWN
CUBIC 158 311 161 306 163 302
CUBIC 165 306 169 310 173 312
PENUP

SETXY 168 288
PENDOWN
CUBIC 177 296 183 297 187 285
PENUP

SETXY 175 206
PENDOWN
CUBIC 164 216 145 206 146 192
CUBIC 152 161 194 181 175 206
PENUP

SETXY 162 215
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -3
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 170 214
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 217 172 219 173 220
PENUP

SETXY 178 211
PENDOWN
CUBIC 179 212 180 214 182 216
PENUP

SETXY 184 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC 186 203 188 203 190 204
PENUP

SETXY 185 190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 187 190 189 189 192 189
PENUP

SETXY 182 182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 184 181 186 180 188 179
PENUP

SETXY 174 174
PENDOWN
CUBIC 175 173 176 171 177 169
PENUP

SETXY 163 172
PENDOWN
CUBIC 163 170 163 168 163 166
PENUP
</pre>

:: In many ways, the turtle is one of the strangest of living things. Whales must come to the surface frequently to breathe, and it is pretty well known what they feed upon. The seal cannot remain beneath the sea nearly as long as the whale, and his food is very well known. But the turtle, in all his varieties and all his ways, is a most mysterious animal. It does not, indeed, seem to matter to him whether he stays beneath the surface for an hour or for a week, nor does it trouble him to stay for an equal time on high land if the need arises. Your turtle is neither fish, flesh, nor fowl, yet his flesh partakes of the characteristics of all three.

<pre>
SETXY 152 175
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 145 181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 143 180 141 179 140 178
PENUP

SETXY 140 190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 139 189 137 189 135 189
PENUP

SETXY 141 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 139 199 137 200 136 200
PENUP

SETXY 145 206
PENDOWN
CUBIC 144 207 142 208 141 209
PENUP

SETXY 152 212
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -30
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY -18 -393
PENDOWN
CUBIC -32 -391 -44 -404 -59 -405
CUBIC -70 -405 -79 -414 -91 -415
CUBIC -103 -416 -97 -421 -112 -424
PENUP

SETXY -150 -435
PENDOWN
CUBIC -155 -438 -161 -436 -166 -440
CUBIC -170 -443 -193 -451 -190 -456
CUBIC -191 -456 -193 -457 -194 -459
CUBIC -183 -457 -156 -441 -148 -448
SETHEADING -153
FORWARD 4
CUBIC -149 -452 -148 -453 -147 -453
CUBIC -150 -456 -153 -459 -157 -461
CUBIC -142 -457 -126 -461 -117 -473
CUBIC -123 -466 -117 -448 -106 -448
CUBIC -103 -449 -101 -446 -100 -443
CUBIC -97 -439 -91 -442 -86 -442
CUBIC -78 -441 -35 -443 -43 -458
CUBIC -50 -463 -53 -470 -42 -465
CUBIC -37 -462 -31 -464 -27 -468
CUBIC -25 -465 -31 -461 -29 -457
CUBIC -26 -455 -15 -445 -11 -449
CUBIC -8 -450 -4 -446 -0 -444
CUBIC 7 -441 15 -445 20 -439
CUBIC 34 -434 50 -445 52 -460
CUBIC 46 -465 38 -467 31 -471
CUBIC 45 -471 60 -470 72 -478
CUBIC 71 -474 58 -458 68 -459
CUBIC 73 -459 72 -451 75 -448
CUBIC 84 -442 90 -454 101 -443
CUBIC 111 -433 131 -449 133 -435
CUBIC 140 -441 147 -449 155 -455
CUBIC 165 -458 172 -465 178 -475
CUBIC 170 -460 181 -440 198 -441
CUBIC 201 -438 202 -435 201 -431
CUBIC 211 -434 221 -435 231 -435
CUBIC 233 -434 234 -438 231 -439
CUBIC 243 -437 256 -440 268 -442
CUBIC 277 -442 284 -449 291 -454
CUBIC 301 -458 313 -461 318 -471
CUBIC 319 -467 320 -464 323 -461
CUBIC 323 -454 312 -449 315 -443
CUBIC 323 -436 347 -444 358 -445
CUBIC 356 -435 377 -441 383 -440
CUBIC 377 -433 368 -430 359 -431
CUBIC 361 -430 358 -428 356 -427
CUBIC 338 -425 321 -416 304 -413
CUBIC 294 -411 283 -411 273 -409
CUBIC 252 -400 229 -402 206 -401
PENUP
</pre>

:: Eating seems a mere superfluidity with him, since for weeks at a time he may be headed up in a barrel, with a bung out, and emerged after his long fast, apparently none the worse for his enforced abstinence from food, from light, and almost from air.

<pre>
SETXY 485 -533
</pre>

: All you need to draw is a few instructions, a little turtle, and a vision in your mind.

<pre>
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 -540 550 -541 582 -536
CUBIC 583 -521 585 -500 576 -487
CUBIC 567 -477 552 -475 542 -466
CUBIC 535 -461 528 -452 518 -453
CUBIC 503 -453 492 -452 482 -464
CUBIC 479 -466 475 -462 472 -465
CUBIC 468 -456 460 -468 453 -465
CUBIC 462 -470 452 -479 445 -478
CUBIC 451 -486 444 -499 434 -498
CUBIC 438 -511 422 -517 411 -516
CUBIC 413 -539 382 -544 365 -535
CUBIC 365 -542 361 -549 354 -552
PENUP

SETXY 567 -538
PENDOWN
CUBIC 565 -546 558 -549 551 -549
PENUP

SETXY 513 -464
PENDOWN
CUBIC 503 -463 494 -473 496 -483
CUBIC 498 -493 512 -498 521 -495
CUBIC 538 -488 531 -463 513 -464
PENUP

SETXY 513 -472

PENDOWN
CUBIC 504 -474 507 -486 514 -487
CUBIC 529 -489 528 -469 513 -472
PENUP

SETXY 513 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 510 -481 518 -473 523 -476
PENUP

SETXY 515 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -481 519 -474 523 -478
PENUP

SETXY 516 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 514 -483 519 -476 524 -479
PENUP
</pre>

:: In the whole category of animal organisms, there is none so tenacious in life as the turtle. Injuries that would instantly be fatal even to fish leave the turtle apparently undisturbed and his power of staving off death is nothing short of marvelous.

<pre>
SETXY 517 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 516 -484 520 -479 524 -481
PENUP

SETXY 518 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 519 -484 520 -481 524 -482
PENUP

SETXY 520 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 -484 521 -483 523 -483
PENUP

SETXY 521 -475
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -470 504 -478 512 -485
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 472 -465
PENDOWN
CUBIC 449 -481 439 -513 436 -540
PENUP

SETXY 478 -467
PENDOWN
CUBIC 456 -482 446 -525 454 -549
PENUP

SETXY 464 -462
PENDOWN
CUBIC 465 -447 439 -444 428 -444
CUBIC 425 -441 421 -440 417 -442
CUBIC 411 -427 367 -425 351 -427
PENUP

SETXY 381 -438
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -430 423 -441 428 -456
CUBIC 423 -469 406 -464 407 -480

CUBIC 398 -482 390 -490 390 -500
CUBIC 360 -499 364 -499 346 -520
CUBIC 326 -519 307 -526 292 -540
CUBIC 281 -544 270 -547 259 -550
SETHEADING 11
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 389 -498
PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -502 407 -511 411 -516
PENUP
</pre>

:: Just as soon as a baby turtle emerges from the egg, off he scuttles down to the sea. He has no one to teach him, no one to guide him. In his curious little brain, there is implanted a streak of caution based upon the fact that until aged a certain period in his life his armor is soft and no defense against hungry fish, and he at once seeks shelter in the tropical profusion of the gulf weed, which holds within its branching fronds an astonishing abundance of marine life. Here the young turtle feeds unmolested while his armor undergoes the hardening process.

<pre>
SETXY 406 -480
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -482 432 -485 435 -498
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 1
PENUP
</pre>

: This is your world, your creation.

<pre>
SETXY 444 -478
PENDOWN
CUBIC 438 -470 428 -467 418 -466
PENUP

SETXY 429 -456
PENDOWN
CUBIC 437 -455 453 -456 455 -466
CUBIC 456 -466 456 -465 456 -465
PENUP

SETXY 425 -450
PENDOWN
CUBIC 426 -448 427 -445 430 -444
PENUP

SETXY 395 -486
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 -468 373 -448 355 -445
PENUP

SETXY 360 -501
PENDOWN
CUBIC 345 -496 331 -486 321 -474
CUBIC 286 -473 243 -477 210 -489
CUBIC 206 -500 200 -510 196 -520
CUBIC 198 -534 209 -546 221 -552
PENUP

SETXY 212 -487
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 -467 180 -476 140 -482
CUBIC 123 -485 106 -489 90 -494
CUBIC 82 -490 75 -483 70 -476
PENUP

SETXY 90 -495
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 -552 83 -530 132 -551
PENUP

SETXY 63 -550
PENDOWN
CUBIC 73 -546 82 -542 90 -537
PENUP

SETXY 30 -472
PENDOWN
CUBIC 16 -476 1 -478 -13 -484
CUBIC -27 -497 -42 -511 -52 -528
CUBIC -38 -533 -25 -541 -14 -551
PENUP

SETXY -15 -483
PENDOWN
CUBIC -18 -477 -24 -473 -29 -469
PENUP
</pre>

:: Whatever the young sea turtle eats and wherever he eats it is, facts not generally ascertained, one thing is certain, it agrees with him immensely. He leads a pleasant sort of life basking in the tropical sun and cruising leisurely in the cool depths.

<pre>
SETXY -52 -528
PENDOWN
CUBIC -75 -523 -98 -529 -120 -533
CUBIC -155 -524 -175 -522 -205 -546
PENUP

SETXY -120 -533
PENDOWN
CUBIC -121 -538 -121 -546 -119 -549
PENUP

SETXY -50 -467
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -466 -94 -479 -117 -479
CUBIC -133 -488 -162 -507 -165 -527
PENUP

SETXY -185 -533
PENDOWN
CUBIC -196 -527 -205 -516 -207 -504
CUBIC -197 -484 -177 -470 -157 -462
PENUP

SETXY -194 -459
PENDOWN
CUBIC -204 -461 -213 -468 -218 -477
CUBIC -218 -484 -207 -494 -202 -495
PENUP

SETXY -220 -477
PENDOWN
CUBIC -227 -480 -233 -484 -237 -490
PENUP

SETXY -231 -507
PENDOWN
CUBIC -223 -508 -215 -507 -208 -504
PENUP

SETXY -245 -498
PENDOWN
CUBIC -256 -505 -263 -516 -265 -528
CUBIC -255 -537 -242 -547 -227 -545
PENUP

SETXY -265 -530
PENDOWN
CUBIC -271 -531 -277 -538 -280 -544
PENUP
</pre>

:: Once he has obtained the weight of 25 pounds, which usually occurs within the first year, the turtle is free from all danger. After that, no fish or mammal, however ravenous, however well-armed with teeth, interferes with the turtle.

<pre>
SETXY -53 -429
PENDOWN
CUBIC -53 -428 -54 -427 -55 -425
PENUP

SETXY -50 -429
PENDOWN
CUBIC -50 -427 -50 -425 -50 -423
PENUP

SETXY -47 -430
PENDOWN
CUBIC -47 -428 -46 -426 -45 -425
PENUP

SETXY -44 -431
PENDOWN
CUBIC -43 -429 -42 -428 -41 -427
PENUP

SETXY 70 -428
PENDOWN
CUBIC 68 -426 66 -430 68 -431
CUBIC 70 -431 71 -429 70 -428
PENUP

SETXY 126 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 -426 124 -427 125 -428
CUBIC 126 -429 128 -427 126 -426
PENUP

SETXY 26 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 26 -425 26 -424 25 -422
PENUP

SETXY 29 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 29 -425 29 -421 31 -421
PENUP

SETXY 32 -427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 32 -426 33 -424 35 -424
PENUP

SETXY 22 -428
PENDOWN
CUBIC 22 -427 20 -426 20 -426
PENUP
</pre>

:: When once he has withdrawn his head from its position of outlook into the folds of his neck between the two shells, intending devourers may struggle to make an impression on him.

<pre>
SETXY -128 -455
PENDOWN
CUBIC -128 -449 -130 -440 -130 -435
CUBIC -136 -436 -142 -437 -148 -437
SETHEADING 35
FORWARD 22
CUBIC -139 -420 -143 -420 -146 -421
CUBIC -141 -416 -136 -411 -132 -405
CUBIC -136 -405 -140 -406 -144 -407
CUBIC -139 -402 -135 -397 -133 -391
SETHEADING -101
FORWARD 8
CUBIC -137 -389 -134 -385 -131 -381
CUBIC -133 -381 -135 -381 -137 -382
CUBIC -134 -377 -132 -371 -131 -364
CUBIC -127 -372 -123 -379 -119 -386
CUBIC -121 -386 -124 -386 -126 -385
CUBIC -123 -391 -119 -396 -114 -401
CUBIC -117 -401 -120 -401 -123 -401
CUBIC -119 -407 -114 -412 -109 -417
SETHEADING -94
FORWARD 9
SETHEADING 139
FORWARD 18
CUBIC -112 -432 -118 -433 -124 -433
SETHEADING 174
FORWARD 21
CUBIC -124 -454 -126 -455 -128 -455
PENUP

SETXY -147 -454
PENDOWN
CUBIC -146 -452 -145 -451 -143 -451
CUBIC -141 -449 -140 -447 -138 -446
PENUP

SETXY -153 -446
PENDOWN
CUBIC -150 -444 -144 -446 -141 -443
PENUP
</pre>

: [the audio speeds up drastically here, and the way the words are read changes (e.g. “set exy”)]

<pre>
SETXY -110 -422
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -420 -104 -418 -101 -417
PENUP

SETXY -86 -413
PENDOWN
CUBIC -85 -411 -81 -409 -80 -412
PENUP

SETXY -53 -403
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -400 -50 -400 -48 -402
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some neat facts courtesy of “10 Cool Facts About Turtles”, from Deutsche Welle?
:: They have been around for a really, really long time. There is a reason why turtles look a little prehistoric. The first ever specimens evolved around 260 million years ago in the late Triassic period. Shortly after their arrival, the Earth experience a mass extinction event that wiped out around 90% of all life on land. Luckily for the turtles, their burrowing and water-dwelling habits set them up for long term survival in this strange new world.

<pre>
SETXY -95 -422
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 78
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -77 -416
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY -64 -411
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 81
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 255 -402
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 -400 258 -403 259 -403
PENUP

SETXY 286 -411
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [the audio now returns to its normal sane cadence and word parsing.]

<pre>
CUBIC 287 -409 290 -408 291 -410
PENUP

SETXY 323 -418
PENDOWN
CUBIC 324 -416 326 -417 327 -419
PENUP

SETXY 245 -408
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 -408 249 -408 251 -409
PENUP

SETXY 292 -416
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 100
FORWARD 3
PENUP

SETXY 310 -419
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 98
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 334 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 335 -426 336 -427 337 -427
PENUP

SETXY 200 -430
PENDOWN
CUBIC 200 -428 195 -428 195 -425
PENUP

SETXY 257 -426
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -15
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 259 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 -423 260 -420 261 -416
PENUP

SETXY 253 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 253 -426 252 -425 251 -424
PENUP

SETXY 262 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 262 -425 263 -423 264 -423
PENUP

SETXY 211 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 210 -424 210 -422 210 -422
PENUP

SETXY 213 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 213 -423 212 -420 214 -418
PENUP

SETXY 214 -425
PENDOWN
CUBIC 215 -424 216 -422 217 -422
PENUP

SETXY 208 -426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 208 -425 207 -424 207 -425
PENUP

SETXY 230 -401
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 18
FORWARD 17
CUBIC 237 -391 238 -396 240 -402
PENUP

SETXY 236 -386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 236 -382 236 -378 237 -374
PENUP

SETXY 228 -388
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -383 233 -378 236 -373
CUBIC 239 -378 240 -383 241 -389
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have one of the longest lifespans in the animal kingdom. While a turtle’s lifespan largely depends on the species, almost all of them have the potential to live to a ripe old age. A typical pet turtle can make it to anywhere between 10 and 80 years, while larger species often keep going for more than 100 years. Because it’s so difficult to accurately measure age over a century, researchers think some turtles could even be hundreds of years old.

<pre>
SETXY 233 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC 231 -365 237 -369 242 -367
CUBIC 243 -370 240 -375 241 -377
CUBIC 242 -377 242 -377 243 -377
CUBIC 248 -379 244 -370 246 -367
CUBIC 248 -361 243 -356 237 -357
CUBIC 223 -358 227 -381 241 -372
PENUP

SETXY 231 -374
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -165
FORWARD 4
CUBIC 232 -377 233 -377 235 -378
CUBIC 237 -377 239 -378 242 -378
PENUP

SETXY 65 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 65 53 64 54 63 55
PENUP

SETXY 68 53
PENDOWN
CUBIC 67 55 67 58 65 60
PENUP

SETXY 70 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 71 56 71 60 73 64
PENUP

SETXY 73 52
PENDOWN
CUBIC 74 54 76 56 78 57
PENUP

SETXY -280 -252
PENDOWN
CUBIC -282 -235 -282 -218 -282 -201
PENUP

SETXY -73 -167
PENDOWN
CUBIC -72 -169 -66 -167 -65 -165
CUBIC -64 -163 -62 -163 -61 -162
PENUP

SETXY -33 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC -28 -163 -24 -157 -24 -159
PENUP

SETXY -107 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -180 -104 -181 -103 -182
CUBIC -97 -183 -87 -183 -85 -176
CUBIC -81 -174 -77 -175 -74 -172
CUBIC -74 -170 -72 -168 -70 -168
CUBIC -62 -167 -66 -161 -57 -162
CUBIC -55 -161 -54 -158 -52 -157
CUBIC -49 -156 -47 -144 -45 -153
PENUP
</pre>

: See how easy it is to create a tree in your little world.

<pre>
SETXY -11 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -5 -162 -0 -154 7 -157
CUBIC 8 -156 8 -158 10 -158
CUBIC 11 -158 15 -158 14 -157
CUBIC 14 -157 14 -157 14 -157
PENUP

SETXY 47 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 49 -161 51 -162 52 -161
CUBIC 54 -159 57 -162 60 -162
PENUP

SETXY 70 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 68 -167 72 -163 73 -165
CUBIC 75 -163 75 -163 73 -162
CUBIC 73 -162 74 -162 74 -162
PENUP

SETXY 137 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 135 -180 141 -181 140 -178
PENUP

SETXY 155 -186
PENDOWN
CUBIC 155 -186 154 -188 154 -189
CUBIC 155 -190 159 -189 158 -188
PENUP

SETXY 123 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 124 -178 127 -176 129 -177
CUBIC 131 -178 135 -177 138 -176
PENUP

SETXY 173 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 178 -190 186 -193 188 -188
CUBIC 199 -184 201 -173 210 -182
CUBIC 211 -185 213 -183 215 -183
CUBIC 215 -185 218 -183 219 -184
CUBIC 227 -188 233 -176 241 -180
SETHEADING -112
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 244 -180 247 -176 245 -173
CUBIC 245 -170 249 -169 251 -168

CUBIC 252 -166 252 -165 254 -165
CUBIC 260 -163 266 -161 272 -159
PENUP
</pre>

:: They come in all shapes and sizes. There are currently 356 known species of turtles. As a rule, they are all reptiles with a hard cartilage shell. But that is about where the similarities end. There are sea turtles, leatherback turtles, snapping turtles, pond turtles, soft-shelled turtles - and of course, tortoises...

<pre>
SETXY 330 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 332 -155 334 -156 336 -156
CUBIC 337 -156 338 -155 339 -155
CUBIC 340 -156 341 -156 342 -156
CUBIC 343 -158 344 -156 345 -157
CUBIC 345 -157 346 -157 346 -157
CUBIC 346 -157 346 -158 346 -158
PENUP

SETXY 365 -153
PENDOWN
CUBIC 367 -147 376 -148 381 -144
CUBIC 382 -146 384 -144 385 -145
CUBIC 387 -147 389 -145 391 -147
CUBIC 393 -148 397 -144 399 -146
CUBIC 400 -148 402 -147 404 -147
SETHEADING -176
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 404 -149 406 -149 406 -148
PENUP

SETXY 460 -146
PENDOWN
</pre>

: It is your creation. You can do anything you want to do.

<pre>
CUBIC 461 -143 464 -142 467 -141
CUBIC 468 -140 470 -138 472 -138
CUBIC 473 -138 474 -138 474 -138
SETHEADING 15
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 481 -130
PENDOWN
CUBIC 484 -124 489 -121 495 -120
CUBIC 496 -118 497 -117 499 -118
CUBIC 500 -119 502 -117 503 -119
CUBIC 505 -121 508 -119 510 -120
PENUP

SETXY 525 -119
PENDOWN
CUBIC 527 -117 528 -114 532 -116
CUBIC 532 -116 533 -115 534 -116
CUBIC 534 -115 535 -115 536 -115
CUBIC 537 -115 538 -114 538 -114
PENUP

SETXY 552 -109
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 164
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 552 -103 561 -103 564 -98
PENUP

SETXY 43 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 42 -168 43 -178 47 -186
PENUP

SETXY 62 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 62 -168 60 -175 64 -181
CUBIC 65 -185 62 -190 64 -195
PENUP

SETXY 54 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 53 -161 55 -178 57 -180
PENUP

SETXY 83 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC 84 -166 81 -169 81 -173
CUBIC 83 -179 80 -184 82 -186
PENUP

SETXY 87 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 86 -165 86 -167 87 -171
CUBIC 88 -174 87 -180 88 -183
PENUP

SETXY 92 -168
PENDOWN
CUBIC 91 -172 91 -176 93 -179
PENUP

SETXY 98 -170
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 28
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 98 -173 100 -177 98 -180
CUBIC 97 -181 99 -181 100 -181
PENUP
</pre>

:: Not all turtles are tortoises, but all tortoises are turtles. Yes, technically all tortoises are in fact turtles. They belong to the Testudines family which includes reptiles whose bodies are protected by a bony outer shell. But the main difference between turtles and tortoises is that tortoises live exclusively on land, while most turtles live in or near water.

<pre>
SETXY 95 -169
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 90 -165
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 -166 89 -168 90 -170
PENUP

SETXY 84 -162
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -173
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 78 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 77 -164 76 -167 77 -169
PENUP

SETXY 66 -162
PENDOWN
CUBIC 66 -163 64 -169 67 -169
PENUP

SETXY 109 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC 109 -183 110 -185 111 -186
PENUP

SETXY 113 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC 113 -185 114 -187 114 -189
PENUP

SETXY 124 -177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 125 -179 123 -183 124 -185
PENUP

SETXY 129 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC 129 -184 129 -189 128 -193
PENUP

SETXY 148 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC 147 -184 147 -186 147 -188
PENUP

SETXY 172 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 -199 169 -208 163 -215
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some turtles are vegetarians, while others are carnivorous. Most turtles are actually omnivores, but a few species are more picky when it comes to their diet. Most tortoises are happy to munch on leafy greens or fruit. Not so for the fearsome-looking alligator turtle, which is almost entirely carnivorous and feeds on anything from fish to small mammals that venture too close to the water’s edge.

<pre>
SETXY 178 -192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 178 -195 177 -197 176 -199
PENUP

SETXY 162 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 162 -190 161 -192 160 -193
PENUP

SETXY 271 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC 272 -162 271 -163 274 -164
CUBIC 274 -165 273 -168 275 -168
PENUP

SETXY 280 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 280 -159 282 -161 281 -162
PENUP

SETXY 287 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC 288 -155 289 -158 288 -161
PENUP

SETXY 292 -159
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -136
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 291 -159 292 -159 292 -158
CUBIC 292 -157 291 -156 291 -155
CUBIC 290 -154 291 -152 290 -151
CUBIC 291 -152 292 -153 292 -154
CUBIC 292 -155 293 -156 294 -157
CUBIC 293 -158 293 -159 294 -160
CUBIC 294 -161 294 -162 294 -164
CUBIC 294 -164 295 -166 294 -167
PENUP

SETXY 284 -155
PENDOWN
CUBIC 283 -156 284 -158 284 -159
PENUP

SETXY 276 -159
PENDOWN
CUBIC 276 -160 276 -160 277 -161
PENUP

SETXY 308 -154
PENDOWN
CUBIC 307 -155 305 -157 304 -157
CUBIC 303 -158 302 -160 301 -161
PENUP

SETXY 312 -157
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 80
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 310 -161 302 -162 303 -165
PENUP

SETXY 317 -158
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -135
FORWARD 7
PENUP

SETXY 326 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 326 -161 322 -164 320 -167
CUBIC 319 -169 316 -170 315 -172
PENUP
</pre>

:: All species lay their eggs on land. When they are ready to lay their eggs, even water-dwelling turtles will dig their nests in the sands or the earth near their habitat. But they are not the nurturing type. No species of turtle sticks around to raise their young. When the babies hatch, they are on their own.

<pre>
SETXY 309 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC 307 -178 305 -181 304 -183
PENUP

SETXY 300 -164
PENDOWN
CUBIC 298 -165 297 -167 296 -168
PENUP

SETXY 310 -156
PENDOWN
CUBIC 309 -157 307 -158 306 -159
PENUP

SETXY 410 -171
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -168 417 -164 419 -159
PENUP

SETXY 427 -157
PENDOWN
CUBIC 427 -157 424 -163 425 -164
CUBIC 425 -166 422 -167 421 -169
CUBIC 421 -171 420 -173 418 -173
PENUP

SETXY 435 -155
PENDOWN
CUBIC 437 -156 434 -158 434 -160
CUBIC 435 -161 433 -163 433 -163
PENUP

SETXY 417 -158
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 30
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 411 -161 413 -166 403 -170
PENUP
</pre>

:: A turtle’s gender is determined by temperature. Like crocodiles and alligators, a turtle’s gender is determined after fertilization. If a turtle’s eggs incubate below 27.7 degrees Celsius, the hatchlings will be male. But if the eggs incubate above 31 degrees, they will be female. If the temperature is somewhere in between, or fluctuates, a mix of male and female babies will hatch. As oceans warm, turtles tend to give birth to more females.

<pre>
SETXY 432 -156
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CUBIC 431 -158 430 -159 430 -161
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SETXY 424 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC 423 -158 422 -159 422 -160
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SETXY 440 -152
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -167
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 455 -147
PENDOWN
CUBIC 456 -151 453 -154 450 -156
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SETXY 495 -120
PENDOWN
CUBIC 491 -123 487 -128 482 -132
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SETXY 505 -120
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 6
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 502 -122 499 -126 496 -130
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SETXY 500 -119
PENDOWN
CUBIC 497 -121 494 -124 493 -128
PENUP
</pre>

:: They have an amazing sense of direction. Sea turtles are known for their amazing ability to return to the exact beach where they were born years later. Like many animals, turtles can navigate their way at sea by sensing the individual lines of the magnetic field. But they can also remember the magnetic signature of coastlines and sense tiny variations in magnetic fields, allowing them to guide themselves home.

<pre>
SETXY 479 -135
PENDOWN
CUBIC 476 -138 473 -142 469 -143
CUBIC 467 -143 466 -144 465 -145
CUBIC 463 -146 461 -147 461 -149
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SETXY 481 -136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 477 -140 472 -143 469 -148
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SETXY 503 -120
PENDOWN
CUBIC 501 -122 499 -123 498 -126
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SETXY 499 -118
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -144
FORWARD 6
PENUP

SETXY 489 -122
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 488 -123 486 -125 485 -127
CUBIC 485 -127 485 -127 486 -127
PENUP

SETXY 510 -122
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 33
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 508 -122 507 -125 506 -127
SETHEADING 57
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 514 -124
PENDOWN
CUBIC 512 -125 511 -128 508 -129
CUBIC 508 -129 508 -129 508 -129
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SETXY 529 -122
PENDOWN
CUBIC 528 -125 526 -127 523 -128
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SETXY 517 -133
PENDOWN
CUBIC 509 -141 502 -149 493 -156
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SETXY 492 -159
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 4
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SETXY 522 -132
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 51
FORWARD 14
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SETXY 535 -121
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 -118 539 -116 541 -115
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SETXY 535 -114
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 -116 532 -117 531 -118
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SETXY 531 -116
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CUBIC 530 -115 525 -123 526 -123
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SETXY 516 -127
PENDOWN
CUBIC 515 -128 514 -129 513 -130
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SETXY 521 -126
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CUBIC 520 -127 519 -128 518 -129
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SETXY 416 -161
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -160 417 -159 418 -158
PENUP

SETXY -108 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -107 -186 -104 -188 -102 -191
PENUP
</pre>

:: And excellent vision, too. Turtles have strong underwater eyesight. Researchers have discovered that they can see a range of different colors and even prefer some colors to others. Although sea turtles are famous for their internal GPS, there is evidence to suggest they do not see very well on land.

<pre>
SETXY -104 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 -183 -103 -185 -100 -186
CUBIC -98 -188 -96 -188 -96 -191
CUBIC -94 -192 -91 -195 -88 -194
PENUP

SETXY -97 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -95 -185 -92 -188 -88 -189
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SETXY -90 -181
PENDOWN
CUBIC -89 -183 -87 -185 -84 -187
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SETXY -85 -179
PENDOWN
CUBIC -84 -181 -81 -184 -79 -185
PENUP

SETXY -81 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC -79 -179 -76 -180 -73 -182
CUBIC -71 -186 -69 -185 -66 -186
CUBIC -65 -187 -64 -189 -63 -190
CUBIC -62 -190 -59 -188 -58 -190
PENUP

SETXY -73 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -171 -72 -172 -71 -172
PENUP

SETXY -49 -153
PENDOWN
CUBIC -49 -160 -43 -168 -38 -170
PENUP

SETXY -56 -160
PENDOWN
CUBIC -55 -163 -54 -166 -51 -168
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SETXY -46 -152
PENDOWN
CUBIC -46 -154 -45 -159 -42 -160
PENUP

SETXY -53 -158
PENDOWN
CUBIC -52 -160 -51 -162 -51 -163
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SETXY -62 -163
PENDOWN
CUBIC -62 -164 -61 -166 -59 -167
PENUP
</pre>

:: Many species are endangered. Having survived for millions of years, six out of seven turtle species are classified as threatened or endangered as a result of human activity. Every year thousands become trapped in commercial trawl nets while in some parts of the world they are killed for their eggs, meat and shells.

<pre>
SETXY -105 -189
PENDOWN
CUBIC -104 -194 -97 -195 -94 -198
PENUP

SETXY -87 -200
PENDOWN
CUBIC -82 -201 -75 -201 -71 -205
PENUP

SETXY -60 -213
PENDOWN
CUBIC -57 -217 -55 -221 -50 -221
CUBIC -48 -222 -48 -223 -46 -222
CUBIC -44 -222 -43 -224 -42 -225
CUBIC -40 -227 -35 -225 -34 -229
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SETXY -75 -194
PENDOWN
CUBIC -73 -196 -72 -196 -69 -196
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SETXY -106 -182
PENDOWN
CUBIC -106 -183 -104 -187 -102 -187
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SETXY -94 -183
PENDOWN
CUBIC -94 -182 -94 -182 -94 -182
CUBIC -92 -184 -92 -184 -91 -184
PENUP

SETXY -87 -180
PENDOWN
CUBIC -87 -181 -87 -180 -86 -181
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SETXY -83 -176
PENDOWN
CUBIC -83 -177 -82 -178 -81 -179
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SETXY -77 -174
PENDOWN
CUBIC -77 -175 -76 -176 -75 -177
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SETXY -69 -169
PENDOWN
CUBIC -69 -169 -68 -170 -67 -171
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SETXY -40 -172
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 129
FORWARD 5
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SETXY -30 -178
PENDOWN
CUBIC -27 -182 -25 -188 -20 -189
PENUP
</pre>

: How about some interesting facts from turtle facts by Alina Bradford, writing for livescience.com?
:: Turtles are reptiles with hard shells that protect them from predators. They are among the oldest and most primitive groups of reptiles, having evolved millions of years ago. Turtles live all over the world in almost every type of climate.

<pre>
SETXY -16 -191
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CUBIC -15 -190 -14 -191 -13 -191
CUBIC -11 -193 -8 -193 -6 -195
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SETXY 272 -173
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CUBIC 273 -177 268 -179 266 -180
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SETXY 263 -185
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CUBIC 262 -187 262 -189 261 -191
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SETHEADING -168
FORWARD 13
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CUBIC 168 -257 171 -255 172 -261
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CUBIC 173 -277 169 -282 172 -287
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CUBIC 174 -294 176 -295 177 -295
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SETXY 182 -235
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CUBIC 182 -232 185 -228 188 -229
CUBIC 194 -227 199 -221 205 -219
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CUBIC 216 -279 220 -281 225 -281
CUBIC 234 -280 239 -269 248 -269
CUBIC 254 -270 260 -266 265 -264
CUBIC 265 -265 266 -265 266 -264
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</pre>

:: According to the integrated taxonomic information system, the turtle order Testudines or Chelonia splits into two sub orders, Cryptodira, and Pleurodira, and then further splits into 13 families, 75 genera and more than 300 species.

<pre>
SETXY 209 -267
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CUBIC 252 -253 255 -251 259 -249
CUBIC 265 -243 278 -247 284 -240
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CUBIC 312 -230 315 -227 319 -226
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SETXY 356 -225
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CUBIC 360 -224 365 -221 369 -220
CUBIC 372 -219 375 -220 377 -218
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SETXY 384 -215
</pre>

: They say everything looks better with odd values for things but sometimes I put even values just to upset the interpreter.

<pre>
PENDOWN
CUBIC 392 -208 405 -211 413 -205
CUBIC 415 -203 418 -204 420 -203
CUBIC 426 -202 429 -196 435 -196
PENUP

SETXY 443 -191
PENDOWN
CUBIC 453 -184 462 -178 472 -172
PENUP

SETXY -193 200
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -175
FORWARD 0
CUBIC -193 200 -193 201 -192 201
CUBIC -191 206 -190 208 -196 209
CUBIC -197 206 -197 203 -198 200
CUBIC -197 200 -195 200 -194 199
CUBIC -193 202 -193 205 -192 207
PENUP

SETXY -190 208
PENDOWN
CUBIC -190 208 -191 208 -191 208
CUBIC -191 207 -192 205 -190 205
CUBIC -191 209 -188 207 -190 205
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SETXY -192 205
PENDOWN
CUBIC -192 205 -192 204 -192 203
CUBIC -192 203 -191 203 -191 203
CUBIC -192 205 -189 205 -191 203
SETHEADING 0
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -191 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC -192 202 -192 203 -192 202
CUBIC -193 201 -193 200 -192 200
CUBIC -192 203 -190 202 -192 200
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</pre>

:: Turtle, tortoise and terrapins are often used interchangeably as synonyms, but there are distinct differences between the types of Chelonians, according to the San Diego Zoo.

<pre>
SETXY -196 209
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CUBIC -198 207 -199 203 -198 203
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CUBIC -199 203 -199 200 -198 200
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SETXY -195 209
PENDOWN
CUBIC -195 210 -195 211 -193 210
CUBIC -193 210 -193 210 -193 210
CUBIC -193 210 -193 209 -193 208
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SETXY 390 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC 391 -347 393 -343 396 -339
CUBIC 392 -338 389 -336 385 -335
CUBIC 382 -350 378 -347 390 -351
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SETXY 383 -281
PENDOWN
CUBIC 375 -324 436 -325 443 -288
CUBIC 455 -253 403 -236 387 -267
CUBIC 378 -288 382 -313 384 -335
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SETXY 396 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 408 -329 421 -318 433 -307
PENUP

SETXY 387 -335
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 -318 393 -301 396 -284
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SETXY 392 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -336 397 -333 399 -330
CUBIC 408 -318 420 -309 427 -295
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SETXY 384 -275
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 -290 421 -292 440 -298
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SETXY 388 -267
PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -270 405 -276 414 -279
CUBIC 424 -282 434 -286 443 -292
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SETXY 392 -333
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 -332 393 -328 394 -329
CUBIC 396 -331 400 -330 400 -327
CUBIC 397 -322 389 -327 392 -332
CUBIC 394 -338 402 -333 400 -328
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</pre>

:: Turtles spend most of their lives in water. They are adapted for aquatic life with webbed feet or flippers in a streamlined body. Sea turtles rarely leave the ocean except to lay eggs in the sand. Freshwater turtles live in ponds and lakes and they climb out of the water onto logs or rocks to bask in the warm sun.

<pre>
SETXY 393 -325
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CUBIC 393 -324 392 -324 391 -324
CUBIC 389 -326 391 -329 389 -331
CUBIC 389 -332 391 -330 391 -330
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SETXY 400 -338
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CUBIC 398 -337 395 -335 393 -334
CUBIC 392 -335 392 -336 391 -337
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SETXY 393 -334
PENDOWN
CUBIC 393 -336 395 -337 396 -338
CUBIC 397 -338 398 -339 399 -339
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SETXY 394 -338
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 139
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 395 -338 395 -338 395 -338
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SETXY 395 -338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 395 -339 395 -339 395 -339
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SETXY 396 -339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 -339 396 -339 396 -339
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PENDOWN
CUBIC 397 -340 397 -340 397 -340
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SETXY 398 -340
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CUBIC 398 -340 398 -340 398 -340
PENUP
</pre>

:: Tortoises are land animals, their feet are round and stumpy adapted for walking on land. They also dig burrows with their strong forelimbs and slip underground when the sun gets too hot. Terrapins live on land and in water usually in swamps, ponds, lakes and rivers.

<pre>
SETXY 399 -340
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CUBIC 407 -344 407 -344 407 -344
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CUBIC 408 -344 408 -344 408 -344
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</pre>

:: With so many different types of turtle, there is no average size. The largest sea turtle species is the leatherback turtle. It weighs 600 to 1500 pounds and is about 4.5 to 5 and a quarter feet long. According to the World Wildlife Federation, the Galapagos tortoise grows up to six feet long and 573 pounds. According to the San Diego Zoo, the largest freshwater turtle in North America is the alligator snapping turtle. It can grow to 2.5 feet long and weigh as much as 200 pounds. The Yangtze giant softshell turtle is the largest softshell turtle. It measures up to 3.6 feet across and weighs up to 309 pounds.

<pre>
SETXY 409 -344
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CUBIC 409 -344 409 -344 409 -344
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SETXY 409 -342
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CUBIC 409 -341 409 -342 409 -342
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SETXY 408 -342
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CUBIC 408 -343 408 -343 408 -344
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SETXY 409 -345
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 155
FORWARD 0
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SETXY 409 -346
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 160
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 410 -347
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -347 410 -347 410 -347
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SETXY 410 -348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 410 -348 410 -348 410 -348
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SETXY 410 -349
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -150
FORWARD 1
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SETXY 409 -350
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 -350 409 -350 408 -351
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SETXY 408 -351
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CUBIC 408 -351 408 -351 407 -351
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SETXY 407 -352
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CUBIC 407 -352 406 -352 406 -352
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CUBIC 409 -358 409 -358 409 -358
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SETXY 409 -359
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SETHEADING 175
FORWARD 1
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</pre>

:: A turtle’s shell is a modified rib cage and part of its vertebral column, according to the Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan. The top part of the shell is called the carapace and the bottom is called the plastering. According to the San Diego Zoo, the shell is made up of about 60 bones that are covered by plates called scoots. Scoots are made of keratin, the same material that makes up humans’ fingernails.

<pre>
SETXY 409 -360
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CUBIC 409 -360 409 -360 409 -360
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CUBIC 409 -363 409 -363 409 -363
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SETXY 410 -363
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 117
FORWARD 0
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SETXY 411 -364
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 119
FORWARD 0
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SETXY 411 -366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 412 -367 414 -367 414 -365
CUBIC 414 -363 410 -363 411 -366
PENUP

SETXY 414 -367
PENDOWN
CUBIC 416 -369 419 -372 421 -375
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SETXY 424 -368
PENDOWN
CUBIC 425 -368 425 -368 425 -368
CUBIC 424 -373 419 -378 413 -379
CUBIC 413 -379 414 -378 414 -378
SETHEADING -146
FORWARD 0
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</pre>

: Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote that “All the thoughts of a turtle are turtles and of a rabbit rabbits.” So let’s try to think like a turtle!

<pre>
SETXY 417 -373
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SETXY 425 -368
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CUBIC 424 -374 419 -378 413 -379
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</pre>

:: Many turtles are able to retract their heads and feet into their shells. Turtles are placed into two sub orders based on the method of retraction. According to the Animal Diversity Web at the University of Michigan, Pleurodirs pull their heads in sideways, Cryptodirs draw their heads straight back into the shell. Sea turtles have lost the ability to retract their heads.

<pre>
SETXY 425 -369
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CUBIC 425 -375 419 -378 414 -379
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CUBIC 424 -375 420 -379 414 -379
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CUBIC 416 -370 418 -373 421 -376
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CUBIC 416 -370 419 -372 422 -375
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SETXY 413 -364
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CUBIC 412 -364 412 -366 413 -366
CUBIC 414 -366 414 -365 413 -364
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SETXY 284 431
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CUBIC 283 430 285 428 285 430
CUBIC 285 430 285 431 284 431
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CUBIC 301 443 300 445 299 444
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CUBIC 298 420 299 419 299 419
CUBIC 300 420 299 421 299 420
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</pre>

:: Turtles are very adaptive and can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Most turtle species are found in southeastern North America and south Asia. Only five species live in Europe, according to Drs. Foster and Smith, a veterinarian business based in Wisconsin.

<pre>
SETXY 313 425
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CUBIC 311 425 311 424 313 424
CUBIC 313 424 313 426 312 425
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SETXY 286 432
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CUBIC 290 435 294 439 298 442
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CUBIC 290 426 293 424 297 421
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SETHEADING 70
FORWARD 11
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CUBIC 299 435 299 428 299 422
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</pre>

:: Sea turtles can be found in the Coral Triangle, an area that includes the waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea; coastal east Africa, the meso-American reef in the Caribbean, the Galapagos Islands and the Gulf of California.

<pre>
SETXY -50 435
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CUBIC -40 437 -40 440 -42 439
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SETXY -31 437
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CUBIC -33 436 -31 435 -30 436
CUBIC -30 436 -31 437 -32 437
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SETXY -48 435
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SETHEADING 97
FORWARD 5
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</pre>

: Hey, what do you get if you cross a turtle with a giraffe? A turtleneck!

<pre>
SETXY -29 436
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CUBIC -27 435 -25 435 -24 434
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SETXY -22 434
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CUBIC -23 435 -23 432 -22 432
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SETXY -22 431
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -176
FORWARD 7
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SETXY -23 423
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CUBIC -25 424 -24 420 -23 422
CUBIC -22 422 -23 423 -23 423
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CUBIC -12 422 -12 420 -12 420
CUBIC -11 419 -10 422 -12 421
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SETXY -10 422
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CUBIC -9 424 -7 427 -5 429
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SETXY -4 432
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CUBIC -5 432 -6 430 -5 430
CUBIC -4 430 -3 431 -4 432
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</pre>

:: The african helmeted turtle is the most common turtle in Africa, according to Animal Planet. It is a hunter scavenger that eats young birds and small mammals. It steals bait from fishermen’s hooks. It also releases a foul smelling liquid from glands in its legs.

<pre>
SETXY -49 436
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</pre>

:: Roti Island snake-necked turtles are found only on Roti Island, a 62 square mile island in Indonesia, according to the San Diego Zoo.

<pre>
SETXY -37 441
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SETXY -18 438
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CUBIC -20 437 -18 435 -17 437
CUBIC -17 438 -18 438 -18 438
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SETXY -13 426
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CUBIC -10 425 -12 427 -13 426
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</pre>

:: Turtles are not social creatures. While they typically don’t mind if there are other turtles around them, they don’t interact or socialize, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. Most turtles are active during the day, spending their time foraging for food.

<pre>
SETXY -16 425
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CUBIC -5 436 -7 436 -7 435
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SETXY -4 444
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CUBIC -2 425 9 450 -0 453
CUBIC -4 452 -4 447 -4 444
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SETXY 1 453
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CUBIC 12 452 9 437 -1 437
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SETXY -2 452
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CUBIC -2 450 -1 448 -1 445
CUBIC 0 445 1 443 2 443
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</pre>

:: Turtles are not silent creatures. Some sound like electric motors, some sound like belching humans, and some bark like dogs. The red-footed tortoise from South America clucks like a chicken.

<pre>
SETXY 2 451
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CUBIC 0 448 -1 445 -4 443
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SETXY -1 437
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CUBIC -1 440 -1 443 -1 446
PENUP

SETXY -4 448
PENDOWN
CUBIC -3 447 -2 446 -1 445
CUBIC 1 446 2 447 3 447
PENUP

SETXY 0 453
PENDOWN
CUBIC -1 448 -1 444 1 440
PENUP

SETXY -3 439
PENDOWN
CUBIC -2 441 -2 443 -1 445
PENUP

SETXY -16 437
PENDOWN
CUBIC -14 436 -11 436 -8 436
PENUP

SETXY 250 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC 250 381 250 382 249 383
CUBIC 250 382 251 382 252 382
SETHEADING -50
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 249 383
PENDOWN
CUBIC 249 383 248 384 248 384
PENUP

SETXY 246 386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 245 387 245 384 246 384
CUBIC 248 384 248 387 246 386
PENUP

SETXY 248 381
PENDOWN
CUBIC 247 384 248 384 250 385
PENUP

SETXY -192 282
PENDOWN
CUBIC -197 278 -196 272 -199 268
PENUP

SETXY -204 261
PENDOWN
CUBIC -206 257 -206 252 -209 249
CUBIC -211 245 -211 240 -213 236
PENUP

SETXY -214 225
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 223 -214 221 -214 219
CUBIC -216 221 -215 223 -214 224
PENUP

SETXY -213 166
PENDOWN
CUBIC -213 163 -212 161 -212 159
CUBIC -212 159 -212 158 -211 158
CUBIC -209 157 -211 154 -209 152
PENUP

SETXY -218 207
PENDOWN
CUBIC -216 202 -219 197 -217 192
CUBIC -218 189 -219 185 -217 182
PENUP

SETXY -209 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC -207 143 -205 140 -204 137
CUBIC -202 133 -202 126 -199 126
PENUP

SETXY 108 192
PENDOWN
CUBIC 107 187 107 182 107 177
PENUP
</pre>

:: Most turtles are omnivores. They eat a variety of different things depending on their species. Musk turtles eat molluscs, plants, small fish, and insects. The Cooter turtle is mostly vegetarian and the green sea turtle only eats grasses and algae.

<pre>
SETXY 94 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 89 129 88 120 83 117
SETHEADING -171
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 105 232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 104 230 105 228 106 226
PENUP

SETXY 61 312
PENDOWN
CUBIC 61 309 65 308 65 306
CUBIC 65 305 65 305 66 305
CUBIC 67 306 68 304 68 303
CUBIC 68 303 69 302 69 302
CUBIC 70 301 70 300 71 300
PENUP

SETXY 2 354
PENDOWN
CUBIC 4 352 8 348 11 348
CUBIC 11 348 11 348 12 348
CUBIC 12 348 13 348 14 348
CUBIC 14 346 16 347 17 346
PENUP
</pre>

: I read in the L.A. Times this morning that 42,000 Mazda cars were recalled because of a spider problem. Really makes you think doesn’t it?

<pre>
SETXY 358 327
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 326 360 326 360 327
CUBIC 361 329 358 329 358 327
PENUP

SETXY 346 338
PENDOWN
CUBIC 345 337 346 335 347 335
CUBIC 349 336 347 340 346 338
PENUP

SETXY 364 348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 364 347 365 347 366 348
CUBIC 367 350 364 350 364 348
PENUP

SETXY 353 347
PENDOWN
CUBIC 353 346 354 347 354 348
CUBIC 354 349 352 349 353 347
PENUP

SETXY 385 359
PENDOWN
CUBIC 386 359 387 362 385 362
CUBIC 384 361 384 360 385 359
PENUP

SETXY 420 375
PENDOWN
CUBIC 420 374 421 373 422 374
CUBIC 424 375 421 376 420 375
PENUP
</pre>

:: The alligator snapping turtle lures in fish with its tongue which looks like a worm. It wiggles its tongue to attract a hungry fish and then snaps down on it with its strong jaw. It also eats aquatic plants, snakes, frogs, fish, worms, clams, crayfish and other turtles.

<pre>
SETXY 402 386
PENDOWN
CUBIC 401 384 402 384 403 385
CUBIC 404 386 402 387 402 386
PENUP

SETXY 394 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 378 397 381 395 382
CUBIC 394 382 393 380 394 379
PENUP

SETXY 394 416
PENDOWN
CUBIC 394 414 396 415 396 416
CUBIC 395 418 393 417 394 416
PENUP

SETXY 392 393
PENDOWN
CUBIC 392 391 394 390 394 392
CUBIC 395 394 392 395 392 393
PENUP

SETXY 380 401
PENDOWN
CUBIC 380 399 382 400 382 400
CUBIC 384 403 380 404 380 401
PENUP

SETXY 402 411
PENDOWN
CUBIC 404 409 405 412 403 413
CUBIC 402 413 402 412 402 411
PENUP
</pre>

:: All turtles lay eggs. They find a place on land to lay their eggs, dig a nest into the sand or dirt and then walk away. No species of turtle nurtures their young.

<pre>
SETXY 368 403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 368 401 371 402 371 403
CUBIC 371 405 368 405 368 403
PENUP

SETXY 370 417
PENDOWN
CUBIC 369 416 369 414 370 414
CUBIC 372 415 371 417 370 417
PENUP

SETXY 351 427
PENDOWN
CUBIC 351 425 353 426 353 427
CUBIC 353 428 350 428 351 427
PENUP

SETXY 346 391
PENDOWN
CUBIC 346 390 349 392 348 393
CUBIC 347 394 345 393 346 391
PENUP

SETXY 336 368
PENDOWN
CUBIC 337 365 340 368 338 370
CUBIC 337 370 336 369 336 368
PENUP

SETXY 315 364
PENDOWN
CUBIC 316 363 317 365 317 366
CUBIC 315 367 314 366 315 364
PENUP

SETXY 328 356
PENDOWN
CUBIC 328 355 328 354 329 354
CUBIC 331 355 331 357 328 356
PENUP

SETXY 323 361
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 360 323 358 324 359
CUBIC 326 360 324 362 323 361
PENUP

SETXY 337 343
PENDOWN
CUBIC 338 343 339 344 339 344
CUBIC 339 347 336 345 337 343
PENUP
</pre>

:: Turtles reach the age to mate at different times. Some come of age as young as a few years old, while others don’t reach sexual maturity until around 50 years has passed.

<pre>
SETXY 342 352
PENDOWN
CUBIC 341 350 345 350 345 352
CUBIC 344 353 342 353 342 352
PENUP

SETXY 348 339
PENDOWN
CUBIC 350 341 351 343 353 346
PENUP

SETXY 360 330
PENDOWN
CUBIC 361 335 363 340 364 345
PENUP

SETXY 355 348
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 348 361 348 363 348
PENUP

SETXY 349 335
PENDOWN
CUBIC 352 333 355 331 357 329
PENUP

SETXY 339 346
PENDOWN
CUBIC 340 347 341 348 341 349
PENUP

SETXY 346 351
PENDOWN
CUBIC 347 350 349 349 351 348
PENUP

SETXY 331 357
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 360 335 363 336 366
PENUP

SETXY 325 359
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 131
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 318 364
PENDOWN
CUBIC 319 363 320 363 322 362
PENUP

SETXY 318 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 324 367 329 368 335 368
PENUP

SETXY 337 366
PENDOWN
CUBIC 339 362 341 357 342 354
PENUP

SETXY 338 372
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 22
FORWARD 19
PENUP

SETXY 349 394
PENDOWN
CUBIC 355 397 361 400 366 402
PENUP

SETXY 370 406
PENDOWN
CUBIC 370 409 370 411 370 413
PENUP

SETXY 354 426
PENDOWN
CUBIC 359 423 364 421 368 418
PENUP

SETXY 353 424
PENDOWN
CUBIC 358 418 363 411 367 405
PENUP

SETXY 394 383
PENDOWN
CUBIC 394 385 394 388 394 390
PENUP
</pre>

:: Some species fight for the right to mate with a female while others seduce her with a mating ritual. To mate, male and female turtles intertwine their tails so that their shell openings line up perfectly.

<pre>
SETXY 387 363
PENDOWN
CUBIC 389 367 392 372 394 377
PENUP

SETXY 367 350
PENDOWN
CUBIC 373 352 378 356 384 359
PENUP

SETXY 397 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 383 399 383 400 384
PENUP

SETXY 405 384
PENDOWN
CUBIC 409 381 414 379 419 376
PENUP

SETXY 419 374
PENDOWN
CUBIC 412 376 405 377 398 379
PENUP

SETXY 372 403
PENDOWN
CUBIC 374 402 377 402 379 402
PENUP

SETXY 383 400
PENDOWN
CUBIC 386 398 389 396 391 395
PENUP

SETXY 394 395
PENDOWN
CUBIC 396 400 399 405 402 409
PENUP

SETXY 393 414
PENDOWN
CUBIC 390 411 387 407 383 404
PENUP

SETXY 397 415
PENDOWN
CUBIC 398 414 400 414 401 413
PENUP

SETXY 318 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 322 140 326 143 327 146
CUBIC 328 147 328 144 329 145
CUBIC 330 148 331 142 332 146
CUBIC 333 146 335 145 335 146
CUBIC 335 147 335 147 336 147
CUBIC 336 145 337 145 338 146
CUBIC 340 144 341 140 344 138
PENUP
</pre>

:: Sea turtles travel from the ocean to lay eggs on beaches. Usually, sea turtles lay around 110 eggs in a nest, though the flat back turtle only lays 50 at a time.

<pre>
SETXY 330 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC 328 147 328 150 328 152
CUBIC 329 154 332 157 335 156
CUBIC 338 154 338 148 336 146
PENUP

SETXY 332 134
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 134 333 134 334 134
PENUP

SETXY 332 136
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 136 333 136 334 136
PENUP

SETXY 332 137
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 137 333 137 334 137
PENUP

SETXY 332 138
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 139 334 138 334 138
PENUP

SETXY 332 140
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 140 334 140 334 140
PENUP

SETXY 332 141
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 141 334 141 334 141
PENUP

SETXY 332 143
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 143 334 143 335 143
PENUP

SETXY 332 144
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 89
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 330 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 329 149 330 148 330 148
CUBIC 330 147 330 149 330 149
SETHEADING -174
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 336 149
PENDOWN
CUBIC 336 149 336 148 336 148
CUBIC 337 148 337 149 336 149
PENUP

SETXY 332 150
PENDOWN
CUBIC 332 147 334 151 332 150
PENUP
</pre>

:: The temperature of the sand affects the sex of the turtle. The perfect beach temperature produces an equal number of male and female offspring. Due to rising temperatures, too many sea turtle females are being born, contributing to the decline in species numbers, according to the sea turtle conservancy.

<pre>
SETXY 333 146
PENDOWN
CUBIC 333 149 335 147 333 146
PENUP

SETXY 528 250
PENDOWN
CUBIC 544 256 557 267 574 270
PENUP

SETXY 526 250
PENDOWN
CUBIC 525 250 525 249 525 249
CUBIC 526 248 526 250 525 250
PENUP

SETXY 525 251
PENDOWN
CUBIC 525 251 525 252 525 252
PENUP

SETXY 524 251
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -61
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 523 249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 523 249 523 249 523 249
PENUP

SETXY 524 247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 524 247 524 247 524 247
PENUP

SETXY 527 247
PENDOWN
CUBIC 527 247 527 247 527 247
PENUP

SETXY 528 249
PENDOWN
CUBIC 528 249 528 249 528 249
PENUP

SETXY 480 218
PENDOWN
CUBIC 480 218 481 217 481 217
CUBIC 482 218 481 219 480 218
PENUP

SETXY 483 219
PENDOWN
CUBIC 485 221 487 222 490 223
CUBIC 500 226 509 231 519 235
PENUP

SETXY 529 240
PENDOWN
CUBIC 531 240 532 241 533 241
PENUP

SETXY 537 242
PENDOWN
CUBIC 539 243 541 244 542 244
PENUP

SETXY 480 220
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -13
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 478 219
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [From here until noted below lines are read differently eg: “CUBIC 478 quadrillion 219 trillion four hundred seventy eight billion 219 million four hundred seventy eight thousand two hundred nineteen” or “set exy”]

<pre>
CUBIC 478 219 478 219 478 219
PENUP
</pre>

:: According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, many turtle species are listed as threatened, endangered or critically endangered. For example the plow share tortoise and radiated tortoise are estimated to be extinct in the next 45 years.

<pre>
SETXY 478 217
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -115
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 479 215
</pre>

: [From here until noted below the pauses decrease (and perhaps reading speed increases)]

<pre>
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -140
FORWARD 1
PENUP

SETXY 481 215
PENDOWN
CUBIC 481 215 481 214 481 214
PENUP

SETXY 483 216
PENDOWN
CUBIC 483 216 483 216 483 216
PENUP

SETXY 579 272
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 72
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 555 232
PENDOWN
CUBIC 543 227 531 222 519 215
CUBIC 525 211 530 207 535 201
PENUP

SETXY 558 233
PENDOWN
</pre>

: [The numbers return to being read out as normal again and the speed/spaces return to normal.]

<pre>
CUBIC 559 234 560 234 560 234
PENUP

SETXY 564 236
PENDOWN
CUBIC 565 236 566 236 566 237
PENUP

SETXY 571 238
PENDOWN
CUBIC 571 238 572 239 573 239
PENUP

SETXY 536 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 535 198 537 198 537 199
CUBIC 537 200 536 200 536 199
PENUP

SETXY 537 202
PENDOWN
CUBIC 537 202 537 202 537 202
PENUP

SETXY 539 201
PENDOWN
CUBIC 539 201 539 201 539 201
PENUP

SETXY 539 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 540 199 540 199 540 198
PENUP

SETXY 538 197
PENDOWN
CUBIC 538 197 539 197 539 196
PENUP

SETXY 536 196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 536 196 536 196 536 196
PENUP

SETXY 534 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 197 534 197 534 197
PENUP

SETXY 534 200
PENDOWN
CUBIC 534 200 533 200 533 200
PENUP

SETXY 519 217
PENDOWN
CUBIC 520 217 520 217 520 218
PENUP
</pre>

:: A pair of Russian tortoises went into space in 1968 the Soviet Union launched Zond 5, a space probe that was the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. It returned safely and the tortoises survived. They had lost about 10% of their body weight but they remained active and showed no loss of appetite according to NASA.

<pre>
SETXY 519 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 519 213 519 213 520 213
PENUP

SETXY 516 212
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 207 519 218 518 219
CUBIC 515 219 516 214 516 212
PENUP

SETXY 516 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 210 514 199 516 200
CUBIC 517 204 516 208 517 212
PENUP

SETXY 516 216
PENDOWN
CUBIC 517 217 518 217 518 218
PENUP

SETXY 516 213
PENDOWN
CUBIC 516 214 517 214 517 215
PENUP

SETXY 493 177
PENDOWN
CUBIC 496 178 498 179 501 180
CUBIC 501 183 501 185 501 187
CUBIC 500 181 496 177 493 172
PENUP

SETXY 501 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 502 191 502 195 502 199
PENUP

SETXY 489 193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 493 198 499 199 505 200
CUBIC 509 201 513 202 517 203
CUBIC 517 203 516 202 516 203
CUBIC 516 203 516 203 516 203
PENUP

SETXY 497 203
PENDOWN
CUBIC 500 196 512 202 508 209
CUBIC 504 216 494 210 497 203
PENUP

SETXY 167 189
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 180
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 172 189
PENDOWN
CUBIC 172 188 172 187 172 185
PENUP

SETXY 169 188
PENDOWN
CUBIC 168 189 168 185 170 186
CUBIC 171 186 170 188 169 188
PENUP

SETXY 170 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 171 187 171 187 172 187
PENUP

SETXY 167 187
PENDOWN
CUBIC 167 187 168 187 168 187
PENUP

SETXY 156 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 198 157 197 156 197
CUBIC 155 195 154 193 152 192
CUBIC 152 192 151 192 151 193
CUBIC 153 194 154 196 156 198
PENUP

SETXY 152 196
PENDOWN
CUBIC 153 197 154 198 155 199
PENUP

SETXY 151 197
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -137
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 152 198 153 199 154 200
PENUP

SETXY 150 198
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 150 199
PENDOWN
CUBIC 150 200 151 201 152 202
PENUP

SETXY 153 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 154 197 154 197 154 197
SETHEADING 50
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY 156 195
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 195 156 195 157 195
PENUP

SETXY 156 193
PENDOWN
CUBIC 156 194 157 195 158 196
PENUP

SETXY 156 192
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 45
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 157 191
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 43
FORWARD 5
PENUP

SETXY 158 190
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 41
FORWARD 4
PENUP

SETXY 157 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 157 198 157 198 157 198
PENUP

SETXY 159 198
PENDOWN
CUBIC 160 199 158 200 158 201
CUBIC 157 201 157 200 157 200
CUBIC 157 199 158 199 159 198
PENUP

SETXY 151 194
PENDOWN
CUBIC 151 194 151 194 151 194
CUBIC 151 195 150 196 150 196
CUBIC 150 196 150 196 149 196
CUBIC 150 195 151 194 151 194
PENUP

SETXY 258 380
PENDOWN
CUBIC 259 380 259 382 258 382
CUBIC 258 381 258 380 258 380
PENUP

SETXY 257 382
PENDOWN
CUBIC 257 382 257 382 257 382
PENUP

SETXY 258 379
PENDOWN
CUBIC 258 379 258 379 258 379
PENUP

SETXY -79 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC -79 -359 -73 -358 -71 -358
CUBIC -65 -358 -58 -360 -53 -356
CUBIC -52 -354 -53 -353 -55 -352
CUBIC -57 -351 -58 -349 -60 -347
CUBIC -66 -345 -72 -346 -77 -349
CUBIC -80 -350 -79 -353 -79 -355
PENUP

SETXY -63 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC -62 -352 -59 -352 -57 -352
CUBIC -58 -349 -64 -346 -63 -351
PENUP

SETXY -60 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC -60 -359 -59 -360 -59 -361
PENUP

SETXY -74 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC -74 -359 -74 -360 -75 -360
PENUP

SETXY -78 -360
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 93
FORWARD 20
CUBIC -57 -361 -56 -361 -55 -360
PENUP

SETXY -79 -356
PENDOWN
CUBIC -71 -357 -63 -357 -55 -357
PENUP

SETXY -65 -351
PENDOWN
CUBIC -66 -353 -69 -351 -71 -352
CUBIC -71 -352 -71 -351 -71 -351
CUBIC -71 -351 -71 -350 -71 -349
CUBIC -70 -348 -67 -349 -66 -349
CUBIC -64 -348 -65 -350 -65 -351
PENUP

SETXY -67 -346
PENDOWN
CUBIC -67 -345 -67 -341 -65 -342
CUBIC -65 -343 -66 -345 -65 -346
PENUP

SETXY -68 -343
PENDOWN
CUBIC -76 -343 -84 -342 -91 -343
CUBIC -75 -345 -58 -346 -41 -346
CUBIC -47 -345 -58 -343 -64 -343
PENUP

SETXY -81 -340
PENDOWN
CUBIC -82 -340 -83 -340 -85 -340
PENUP

SETXY -93 -341
PENDOWN
CUBIC -94 -342 -94 -344 -92 -344
PENUP

SETXY -40 -345
PENDOWN
CUBIC -39 -345 -39 -347 -40 -347
PENUP

SETXY -54 -348
PENDOWN
CUBIC -53 -348 -51 -348 -50 -348
PENUP

SETXY -50 -343
PENDOWN
CUBIC -51 -343 -52 -343 -53 -342
PENUP

SETXY -85 -345
PENDOWN
CUBIC -83 -346 -82 -346 -81 -346
PENUP

SETXY -78 -349
PENDOWN
CUBIC -86 -351 -95 -349 -102 -352
CUBIC -107 -356 -113 -359 -119 -359
CUBIC -119 -359 -120 -359 -119 -360
CUBIC -102 -363 -106 -350 -79 -357
PENUP

SETXY -118 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC -119 -358 -120 -356 -120 -354
CUBIC -119 -356 -119 -358 -118 -359
PENUP

SETXY -114 -359
PENDOWN
CUBIC -115 -357 -115 -356 -115 -353
CUBIC -115 -356 -114 -357 -113 -359
PENUP

SETXY -117 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC -117 -357 -118 -355 -118 -354
CUBIC -117 -355 -117 -357 -116 -359
PENUP

SETXY -113 -358
PENDOWN
CUBIC -113 -356 -113 -354 -112 -353
CUBIC -112 -354 -112 -356 -112 -358
PENUP

SETXY -80 -355
PENDOWN
CUBIC -86 -355 -94 -353 -100 -355
PENUP

SETXY 480 -168
PENDOWN
CUBIC 480 -166 483 -167 484 -168
CUBIC 484 -171 480 -175 480 -179
PENUP

SETXY 478 -179
PENDOWN
CUBIC 478 -178 481 -180 483 -179
CUBIC 482 -180 482 -182 482 -183
CUBIC 477 -181 471 -186 471 -192
CUBIC 471 -202 487 -203 489 -193
CUBIC 491 -189 489 -184 484 -183
CUBIC 482 -182 477 -184 477 -179
PENUP

SETXY 473 -190
PENDOWN
CUBIC 474 -188 475 -189 475 -190
CUBIC 475 -189 476 -187 478 -187
CUBIC 477 -187 477 -186 476 -186
CUBIC 474 -185 474 -189 473 -190
PENUP

SETXY 327 -238
PENDOWN
CUBIC 323 -237 323 -243 325 -245
CUBIC 326 -246 327 -248 327 -251
CUBIC 322 -249 323 -253 323 -256
CUBIC 325 -256 327 -256 329 -256
CUBIC 329 -254 329 -253 329 -251
CUBIC 328 -251 327 -251 326 -250
PENUP

SETXY 325 -256
PENDOWN
CUBIC 311 -254 310 -276 324 -275
CUBIC 335 -276 339 -258 328 -256
PENUP

SETXY 318 -261
PENDOWN
CUBIC 317 -262 317 -263 317 -264
SETHEADING 41
FORWARD 1
CUBIC 318 -264 318 -264 318 -265
CUBIC 318 -263 320 -262 322 -262
CUBIC 319 -262 321 -257 318 -261
PENUP

SETXY -55 -216
PENDOWN
CUBIC -60 -217 -60 -222 -57 -225
CUBIC -56 -227 -56 -230 -57 -232
CUBIC -57 -232 -58 -232 -58 -232
CUBIC -59 -233 -59 -235 -59 -237
CUBIC -58 -237 -56 -237 -55 -237
CUBIC -56 -235 -54 -231 -57 -232
SETHEADING 57
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -68 -251
PENDOWN
CUBIC -65 -260 -49 -258 -48 -249
CUBIC -46 -231 -71 -234 -68 -251
PENUP

SETXY -64 -242
PENDOWN
CUBIC -65 -243 -65 -244 -66 -245
CUBIC -65 -244 -64 -245 -64 -246
CUBIC -64 -244 -62 -242 -60 -241
CUBIC -62 -242 -62 -239 -64 -242
PENUP

SETXY 223 34
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 169
FORWARD 2
CUBIC 218 45 221 54 212 36
CUBIC 214 40 219 42 222 45
CUBIC 224 42 225 37 227 34
PENUP

SETXY 212 37
PENDOWN
CUBIC 211 41 212 48 214 52
PENUP

SETXY 216 64
PENDOWN
CUBIC 210 61 214 51 220 50
CUBIC 232 52 228 71 216 64
PENUP

SETXY 225 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC 218 45 217 46 214 52
CUBIC 218 48 218 47 225 46
CUBIC 225 46 225 45 225 45
PENUP

SETXY 237 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 238 38 241 36 243 34
CUBIC 245 42 243 40 238 45
CUBIC 238 44 238 42 237 40
PENUP

SETXY 238 46
PENDOWN
CUBIC 240 45 241 46 242 45
CUBIC 243 43 246 42 247 41
CUBIC 247 39 247 37 246 35
CUBIC 246 35 246 35 245 35
CUBIC 245 35 244 35 243 34
CUBIC 243 35 243 35 243 35
PENUP

SETXY 244 40
PENDOWN
CUBIC 245 41 247 40 248 41
PENUP

SETXY 238 41
PENDOWN
CUBIC 238 37 241 42 240 43
CUBIC 239 44 239 41 238 41
PENUP

SETXY 241 41
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 122
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 242 40 241 41 241 41
PENUP

SETXY 241 39
PENDOWN
CUBIC 241 39 241 39 241 39
PENUP

SETXY 245 42
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 2
FORWARD 16
PENUP

SETXY 236 46
PENDOWN
SETHEADING -42
FORWARD 2
PENUP

SETXY 236 45
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 45 234 45 234 45
PENUP

SETXY 235 42
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 42 234 42 233 42
PENUP

SETXY 235 39
PENDOWN
CUBIC 235 39 234 39 234 38
PENUP

SETXY 237 38
PENDOWN
SETHEADING 103
FORWARD 0
CUBIC 237 37 237 37 237 37
PENUP

SETXY 238 48
PENDOWN
CUBIC 238 48 238 48 238 49
PENUP

SETXY -117 81
PENDOWN
CUBIC -115 81 -114 78 -116 77
CUBIC -114 77 -114 76 -116 76
CUBIC -116 77 -118 75 -119 77
CUBIC -122 74 -121 80 -119 77
CUBIC -121 80 -116 85 -113 83
CUBIC -113 83 -113 84 -113 84
CUBIC -117 88 -113 91 -112 85
CUBIC -112 84 -112 84 -112 84
CUBIC -110 85 -108 83 -108 81
CUBIC -108 80 -109 79 -110 79
CUBIC -111 79 -112 79 -112 78
CUBIC -112 78 -113 77 -112 77
CUBIC -112 75 -113 76 -113 77
CUBIC -114 77 -114 77 -114 77
SETHEADING 5
FORWARD 0
PENUP

SETXY -111 85
PENDOWN
CUBIC -113 90 -108 90 -111 85
</pre>

: I even talk to turtles at times. But you need to understand LOGO to appreciate the great, great things that have been created. We spend so much of our life typing. Looking, but never ever seeing.

{{comic discussion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2601}}
[[Category: Comic subpages]]

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-20T05:59:11Z

KarMann: clean up 'subtle' attribution vandalism

Why is it H+<Left> rather than H+<Right>? [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 03:22, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:Probably for the rhyme with "Shift" in the previous verse. In terms of practicality, though, I agree — <Right> would make more sense for a real keychord. {{unsigned ip|108.162.246.154}}
::A pity Shift and Left don't rhyme very well. But then neither do Chord and Word. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.85.79|172.70.85.79]] 03:41, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::It works if you're from New Zealand. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.111.16|162.158.111.16]] 10:37, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::Wow, I totally missed that {{w|near rhyme}}. It's not quite so bad if you sing it, though. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 03:46, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::: Eh, {{w|Tom Lehrer}}'s certainly done much worse slant rhymes. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 03:55, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::Sadly, too, there was the opportunity for "The other hand, hits H and ''lift.''" Alas. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 04:23, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::I don't know about other people, but I can reach H+<Left> on my keyboard with the index finger and pinky of my right hand, but H+<Right> requires thumb and pinky and doing something terribly awkward with my wrist. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.110.161|172.70.110.161]] 06:51, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::I added some (necessary?) additional contextualising of how it mirrors the original song, consider it a bridge/middle-eight, so that those who still don't quite get that bit of popular culture get a bit more of the idea than before.
::In the process I made an executive decision to comment about the rhyming (or not) along the way.
::...but I strayed into 'Cueball's Computer Problems' territory, and then noticed (sorry, missed it before diving in) that it's mentioned again (but chronologically before!) at the the end of the explanation. I'm not quite sure how to remove the redundancy. The lyrical trailing-off really needs to mention this, I feel, but removing repetitions from the other person's text will need extra thought too. If someone gets in there before I do and modifies either/both of the sections nicely then that'll be Ok, but I'll try to revisit it myself (and {{wiktionary|kill_one%27s_darlings|'kill my darlings'}} if necessary) if nobody else sees fit to in my stead. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.86.22|172.70.86.22]] 19:02, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:presumably he programmed his keyboard to use chord-logic for ALL common words.... if he has ctrl, alt, shift, and at least two special function keys, such as win and alt-gr.... that's 2^5=32 possible signal combinations from function keys. if he uses the 8 direction keys on the numeric keypad, that's 32*8= 256 possibilities for command modifiers to each letter. So, in theory, he could program in an unique combination of key strokes that chooses between the 256 most common words that begin with each letter, totaling 6656 possible words that can by typed using chording.
The combination that results in "hallelujah" just happens to be ctrl-shift-h-left. hopefully there's a graphical prompt which shows you the 8 possible current words to choose from, given the most recent combination of function keys and a given letter.

I happen to know that if you're typing in Japanese phonetic letters using MS Word, there are actually so many homonym words which have different logographic symbols, and different meanings, but which all SOUND the same, and thus are phonetically TYPED the same, that's it actually NORMAL for Word to list a pop-up context menu with the top-8 word choices you might have just meant to enter, and require you to select one before continuing. and then it swaps out the correct logograph symbol for the phonetic symbols you just typed. I don't think it uses the numpad directional arrows to make the choice, but honestly, it would be a lot more user-friendly if it did.... [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.170|162.158.74.170]] 05:38, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Is it steganography? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.237.41|108.162.237.41]] 04:03, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:Stenography* [[Special:Contributions/198.41.242.239|198.41.242.239]] 19:09, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Ironically, having considerable knowledge of one of those covers of the song can lead to more confusion than less familiarity with any of them. My wife was recently moderately obsessed with Rufus Wainwright, including his cover of 'Hallelujah'. So when I read this comic, I didn't catch on until most of the way through what other Randall was up to. But when she read it, she caught on in the first line, and yet, didn't get the title text at all until I explained it to her (having compared some versions overnight before then), since that line isn't included in Rufus' version. No particular point here, just, well, 'Talk'. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 01:55, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Has anyone recorded a cover with these lyrics yet? I had kind of assumed that would happen soon after this was posted. --[[User:Sensorfire|Sensorfire]] ([[User talk:Sensorfire|talk]]) 04:14, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

== Control Shift H ==
https://defkey.com/what-means/ctrl-shift-h shows the shortcut action in 113 programs. (Who knew there was a website devoted to keyboard shortcuts?) In Firefox, it shows your history as soon has you hit the H. (I like to think that Randall uses good ol' open source Firefox.) Your history will show the current XKCD page first, of course, but that listing does not include the word "HALLELUJAH." The next keydown is interpreted as a separate keystroke. Nothing interesting happens with the 8 permutations of Ctrl-Shift (up or down) and (left arrow, numpad left, left tab, backspace). I was kinda hoping that Mozilla had secretly conspired to tweak this keystroke combination in the last update. In short, I have nothing to add to the explanation, but not for lack of trying. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.187|108.162.219.187]] 23:52, 19 February 2022 (UTC) (This is my first explainxkcd comment. I'll properly sign up before I comment again.)

We can add a javascript snippet that captures this keychord and shows "Hallelujah" on this website, right :P
[[Special:Contributions/172.70.188.81|172.70.188.81]] 04:46, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-20T05:54:26Z

KarMann: Undo revision 227276 by 172.70.131.214 (talk)

Why is it H+<Left> rather than H+<Right>? [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 03:22, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:Probably for the rhyme with "Shift" in the previous verse. In terms of practicality, though, I agree — <Right> would make more sense for a real keychord. {{unsigned ip|108.162.246.154}}
::A pity Shift and Left don't rhyme very well. But then neither do Chord and Word. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.85.79|172.70.85.79]] 03:41, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::It works if you're from New Zealand. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.111.16|162.158.111.16]] 10:37, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::Wow, I totally missed that {{w|near rhyme}}. It's not quite so bad if you sing it, though. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 03:46, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::: Eh, {{w|Tom Lehrer}}'s certainly done much worse slant rhymes. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 03:55, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::Sadly, too, there was the opportunity for "The other hand, hits H and ''lift.''" Alas. [[User:JohnHawkinson|JohnHawkinson]] ([[User talk:JohnHawkinson|talk]]) 04:23, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::I don't know about other people, but I can reach H+<Left> on my keyboard with the index finger and pinky of my right hand, but H+<Right> requires thumb and pinky and doing something terribly awkward with my wrist. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.110.161|172.70.110.161]] 06:51, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
::I added some (necessary?) additional contextualising of how it mirrors the original song, consider it a bridge/middle-eight, so that those who still don't quite get that bit of popular culture get a bit more of the idea than before.
::In the process I made an executive decision to comment about the rhyming (or not) along the way.
::...but I strayed into 'Cueball's Computer Problems' territory, and then noticed (sorry, missed it before diving in) that it's mentioned again (but chronologically before!) at the the end of the explanation. I'm not quite sure how to remove the redundancy. The lyrical trailing-off really needs to mention this, I feel, but removing repetitions from the other person's text will need extra thought too. If someone gets in there before I do and modifies either/both of the sections nicely then that'll be Ok, but I'll try to revisit it myself (and {{wiktionary|kill_one%27s_darlings|'kill my darlings'}} if necessary) if nobody else sees fit to in my stead. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.86.22|172.70.86.22]] 19:02, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:presumably he programmed his keyboard to use chord-logic for ALL common words.... if he has ctrl, alt, shift, and at least two special function keys, such as win and alt-gr.... that's 2^5=32 possible signal combinations from function keys. if he uses the 8 direction keys on the numeric keypad, that's 32*8= 256 possibilities for command modifiers to each letter. So, in theory, he could program in an unique combination of key strokes that chooses between the 256 most common words that begin with each letter, totaling 6656 possible words that can by typed using chording. The combination that results in "hallelujah" just happens to be ctrl-shift-h-left. hopefully there's a graphical prompt which shows you the 8 possible current words to choose from, given the most recent combination of function keys and a given letter. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.131.214|172.70.131.214]] 05:47, 20 February 2022 (UTC)
::I happen to know that if you're typing in Japanese phonetic letters using MS Word, there are actually so many homonym words which have different logographic symbols, and different meanings, but which all SOUND the same, and thus are phonetically TYPED the same, that's it actually NORMAL for Word to list a pop-up context menu with the top-8 word choices you might have just meant to enter, and require you to select one before continuing. and then it swaps out the correct logograph symbol for the phonetic symbols you just typed. I don't think it uses the numpad directional arrows to make the choice, but honestly, it would be a lot more user-friendly if it did.... [[Special:Contributions/162.158.74.170|162.158.74.170]] 05:38, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Is it steganography? [[Special:Contributions/108.162.237.41|108.162.237.41]] 04:03, 19 February 2022 (UTC)
:Stenography* [[Special:Contributions/198.41.242.239|198.41.242.239]] 19:09, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Ironically, having considerable knowledge of one of those covers of the song can lead to more confusion than less familiarity with any of them. My wife was recently moderately obsessed with Rufus Wainwright, including his cover of 'Hallelujah'. So when I read this comic, I didn't catch on until most of the way through what other Randall was up to. But when she read it, she caught on in the first line, and yet, didn't get the title text at all until I explained it to her (having compared some versions overnight before then), since that line isn't included in Rufus' version. No particular point here, just, well, 'Talk'. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 01:55, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Has anyone recorded a cover with these lyrics yet? I had kind of assumed that would happen soon after this was posted. --[[User:Sensorfire|Sensorfire]] ([[User talk:Sensorfire|talk]]) 04:14, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

== Control Shift H ==
https://defkey.com/what-means/ctrl-shift-h shows the shortcut action in 113 programs. (Who knew there was a website devoted to keyboard shortcuts?) In Firefox, it shows your history as soon has you hit the H. (I like to think that Randall uses good ol' open source Firefox.) Your history will show the current XKCD page first, of course, but that listing does not include the word "HALLELUJAH." The next keydown is interpreted as a separate keystroke. Nothing interesting happens with the 8 permutations of Ctrl-Shift (up or down) and (left arrow, numpad left, left tab, backspace). I was kinda hoping that Mozilla had secretly conspired to tweak this keystroke combination in the last update. In short, I have nothing to add to the explanation, but not for lack of trying. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.219.187|108.162.219.187]] 23:52, 19 February 2022 (UTC) (This is my first explainxkcd comment. I'll properly sign up before I comment again.)

We can add a javascript snippet that captures this keychord and shows "Hallelujah" on this website, right :P
[[Special:Contributions/172.70.188.81|172.70.188.81]] 04:46, 20 February 2022 (UTC)

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-20T05:40:32Z

KarMann: Undo revision 227272 by 172.70.126.87 (talk)

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-20T01:55:21Z

KarMann: just a little anecdote about cover versions & their lyrics

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-19T03:56:08Z

KarMann: indent

Talk:2583: Chorded Keyboard

2022-02-19T03:55:44Z

KarMann: But Tom Lehrer!

758: Raptor Fences

2022-02-03T00:51:25Z

KarMann: /* Explanation */ proper use of the subjunctive

{{comic
| number = 758
| date = June 25, 2010
| title = Raptor Fences
| image = raptor_fences.png
| titletext = If at least one person has a nightmare about being swarmed by hundreds of mouse-sized dromaeosaurids, my work will have been done.
}}
[[File:Vraptor-scale.png|thumb|upright=1.5| Velociraptors were only about 50 centimeters in height. (from Wikimedia Commons)]]
[[File:Velociraptor_dinoguy2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Artist's impression of a feathered velociraptor (from Wikimedia Commons)]]
==Explanation==
In the film ''{{w|Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park}},'' the protagonists are menaced (some fatally) by carnivorous dinosaurs, including very large {{w|Velociraptor|velociraptors}}, which are a genus of {{w|dromaeosaurid}}. In this film, the dinosaurs had been recreated via the sampling of ancient DNA recovered, primarily, from the stomachs of mosquitoes trapped in amber (fossilized tree sap).

Cueball is holding a lit cigarette, recalling the role of chain-smoking John "Ray" Arnold, the Chief Engineer of Jurassic Park, played by {{w|Samuel L. Jackson}}. He is reporting that the (veloci)raptors have escaped from their enclosure, but nobody seems overly concerned by this; they do not represent a danger. Apparently, the fear of being hunted by dinosaurs is greatly reduced if they have been genetically engineered to be small enough to gather up with a broom and dustpan.

The "gene for extreme dwarfism" may also be a reference to the "Ender's Game" series, which has previously been referenced in [[635: Locke and Demosthenes]], [[304: Nighttime Stories]], and [[241: Battle Room]]. In the parallel book to "Ender's Game", "Ender's shadow", the main character has had the gene for extreme dwarfism activated on himself as an infant.

Note that while growth is dependent on genes, it is extremely unlikely that any kind of genetic manipulation could reduce an animal in size by the factor of approximately 10,000 that is implied here. However, it is perhaps no less unlikely than being able to recreate the dinosaurs at all in the first place. People seem ready to ascribe almost limitless powers to DNA and genetic engineering, but there are many practical constraints.

In reality, velociraptors were only about 50 centimeters in height. It is also believed that they were covered in feathers. Together, these factors paint a very different picture of velociraptors. The velociraptors from Jurassic Park more closely resemble Deinonychus, a relative of the velociraptor, in fact the Deinonychus was used as the model for the Jurassic Park raptors. Still the name "velociraptor" has been consistently, and incorrectly, associated with their portrayal.

The title text suggests that even very small dinosaurs could be terrifying to some, if they imagined a huge number of them. The author would be pleased if this were the case.

==Transcript==
:[Cueball checks a computer terminal while a friend is running off in the opposite direction.]
:Cueball: The raptor fences are down. They're loose.
:Friend: I'll get a broom and dustpan.

:Jurassic Park got a lot less scary when the researchers discovered they could activate the gene for extreme dwarfism.

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Velociraptors]]
[[Category:Jurassic Park]]
[[Category:Multiple Cueballs]]

Talk:900: Religions

2021-11-19T11:38:39Z

KarMann: counterexample (from fiction)

Where's the experimental evidence that there is actually a god? '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:01, 17 April 2013 (UTC)

:Consider who is proposing such an experiment. QED. [[Special:Contributions/184.66.160.91|184.66.160.91]] 03:10, 26 August 2013 (UTC)

Subjectivism is the provenance of earth-scientists and the devout. But god preserve us from the devout earth-scientists. (That's the thing about god, he's the only one who can get the monkey off your back.)

[[User:Weatherlawyer| I used Google News BEFORE it was clickbait]] ([[User talk:Weatherlawyer|talk]]) 21:04, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

:The Bible, duh!  [[User:Alpha|Alpha]] ([[User talk:Alpha|talk]]) 00:22, 1 January 2014 (UTC)

:I'm sure you can find not one but several definitions of god with experimental evidence. Of course, this says more about how vague definitions of god are that about the god. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 00:06, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

::Agreed. There are no proof that no god exist, only some proof that certain definition of god cannot be true. [[User:Arifsaha|Arifsaha]] ([[User talk:Arifsaha|talk]]) 20:49, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

Oddly considering Paul was Jewish (as was Jesus) most Christian versions of the bible have slanted their beliefs to allow a comma after the word father in the verse quoted. Just found out that so do Unitarian bibles. Does Jewish have commas?
:With a large "if I'm remembering right" first... The relevant book of the Bible was written in Greek. They didn't even put spaces between words, much less use punctuation, but why would that make it strange for commas to be used in English translations?[[Special:Contributions/173.245.50.174|173.245.50.174]] 17:47, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

The play on the quote in the comic is that it is plus or minus Jesus as god in that verse. Rather a loaded quote from a trained lawyer!

PPS: IANAL.

[[User:Weatherlawyer| I used Google News BEFORE it was clickbait]] ([[User talk:Weatherlawyer|talk]]) 21:04, 23 January 2015 (UTC)

:Assuming you mean the quote from Corinthians, that's in the New Testament only. Jews don't have that book at all.--[[Special:Contributions/199.27.133.131|199.27.133.131]] 02:19, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

<blockquote>While all three of these are Abrahamic religions, and as such have some overlap in their beliefs and texts, combining them all into one religion would be far from a simple process….</blockquote>
I dunno, it seems to have worked for the Orange Catholics in ''Dune''. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:38, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

Talk:758: Raptor Fences

2021-11-19T11:25:21Z

KarMann: also Army of Darkness

Is the Cueball on the left holding a lit cigar? {{unsigned|‎Gegueure}}

The role of Samuel L. Jackson is played by Cueball in this film. [[User:ZevEisenberg|ZevEisenberg]] ([[User talk:ZevEisenberg|talk]]) 14:44, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

Does this remind you to Gulliver being attacked by tiny people in Liliput? Or the similar scene in [http://pbfcomics.com/95/ Perry Bible Fellowships strip 95: Gnome Bubbles] with the tiny gnomes? [[User:B jonas|B jonas]] ([[User talk:B jonas|talk]]) 23:35, 1 November 2013 (UTC)
: Or Ash being attacked by the mini-Ashes in ''Army of Darkness''. Which was, of course, an homage to Gulliver's incident. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:25, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

The raptor in the film might actually be Utah raptor which is as big as in the film and had no evident of feather.[[Special:Contributions/198.41.238.40|198.41.238.40]]

The picture of the feathered velociraptor seems to be partially cutting into the Discussion section, any fix? --[[User:Youforgotthisthing|Youforgotthisthing]] ([[User talk:Youforgotthisthing|talk]]) 00:29, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
:That appears to be a bug in the page template itself, and thus beyond my editing capabilities. The problem seems to happen when a column of illustrations is longer than the article text. [[User:Nitpicking|Nitpicking]] ([[User talk:Nitpicking|talk]]) 12:44, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

Activation of the dwarfism gene may also be a reference to the "activation" of the Lysine contingency in the movie; the raptors were bred with a genetic defect - missing the ability to produce Lysine - that could be used as a means of controlling escaped animals. The dwarfism gene activation seems like just another way of controlling the population in an exigent circumstance.

212: Brain

2021-11-19T00:24:46Z

KarMann: typo; points at a highlighted area or region, not a point

{{comic
| number =212
| date =January 19, 2007
| title =Brain
| image =brain.png
| titletext =The rest is fear of raptors.
}}
==Explanation==
{{w|The Swiss Family Robinson}} is a novel by the Swiss pastor and writer {{w|Johann David Wyss}}. In the novel, a shipwrecked family builds a tree house as good as a normal house complete with library and mechanical contraptions.

Growing up, many children grow a fascination with tree houses. Tree houses are a child's own special place to do stuff away from their parents, have some autonomy, perhaps form a club. The obsession with tree houses usually fades once a child reaches their teenage years, but of course some of us never grow up. Being an adult geek/scientist who still enjoys childish things, Randall wants to build a sophisticated tree house rather than a simple one, taking the theme from the above-mentioned novel.

The title text makes reference to the regular [[xkcd]] joke about how terrifying {{w|Velociraptors}} from the movie {{w|Jurassic Park}} are. But they never can reach a tree house, just because it's too high, as you can see here [[87: Velociraptors]].

"Raptors" might refer to the informal bird group, hawks and owls and such, a joke relying on the previous infatuation with velociraptors.

==Transcript==

:My Brain
:[Picture of Brain. Line points at a highlighted area.]
:Section that is devoted, no matter where I go in life, to planning the ultimate tree house*.
:<nowiki>*</nowiki>Oh man, it would be like Swiss Family Robinson, but with multiple trees connected by... hey come up to my room and see the blueprints!

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Comics with color]]
[[Category:Velociraptors]]

2321: Low-Background Metal

2020-06-17T17:29:48Z

KarMann: /* Transcript */ caps & word choice

{{comic
| number = 2321
| date = June 17, 2020
| title = Low-Background Metal
| image = low_background_metal.png
| titletext = The only effect on the history books were a few confusing accounts of something called 'Greek fire.'
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a TIME TRAVELER. Please mention here why this explanation isn't complete. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
In this comic, Megan and Black Hat have invented time travel. Time travel is a common trope in Science Fiction, and such a discovery would be likely to change the world as we know it. However, Megan and Black Hat's machine requires the use of metal with little to no radiation, meaning currently available metals are too passively radioactive for safe use. Noting that the only way they can obtain this metal, which is presumably consumed upon use of the machine, is by salvaging it from ancient Roman ships, they use the machine to travel back in time to when the Roman Empire was at its height in order to sink its vessels and in turn create more Roman lead for them to use.

"Low-background metal" presumably refers to {{w|low-background steel}}, which was produced before atmospheric nuclear tests occurred and therefore does not incorporate {{w|radionuclides}} from the air used in its manufacture; physicists use it in experiments detecting radionuclides.

The title text refers to {{w|Greek fire}}, which was an incendiary weapon invented and employed by the Byzantine empire. It was a flammable liquid used in naval combat to set fire to enemy ships, but the details of its manufacture and deployment are vague. As it was a closely-guarded military secret, many of the details have been lost to time, and modern chemists have only been able to develop educated guesses of what it ''probably'' was. Randall proposes a rather outlandish alternative hypothesis: that all records of Greek fire were actually in reference to the modern weapons used by the time travelers.
==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
:[Megan, Black Hat and Cueball stand around a time machine on a table]
:Megan: Our time machine works.
:Megan: But we're almost out of low-background metal.
:Cueball: What's that?

:Megan: Modern metal is contaminated by fallout from nuclear testing, and lead also has natural radioactivity that fades over time.
:Megan: To shield sensitive equipment, physicists use lead from sunken Roman ships.
:Megan: But shipwreck lead is hard to find.

:Black Hat: How much do we have?
:Megan: Enough for one trip through time.
:Black Hat: ''Hmmm...''
:[The scene changes to the group having traveled through time. They are in a helicopter, with Megan piloting, Cueball as a passenger, and Black Hat firing a flamethrower at a Roman ship. The sailors on the ship are alarmed and attempting to escape. Two already-burning ships can also be seen, with one almost completely sunken.]
:Flamethrower: FWOOOSH

{{comic discussion}}

Talk:2321: Low-Background Metal

2020-06-17T17:10:42Z

KarMann: much like Endgame

I can't help but notice that the basic premise of this comic is very much like the reason for going back to 1970 in ''Avengers: Endgame'', when they needed more Pym particles for time travel. I wonder if Randall re-watched it again recently? — [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 17:10, 17 June 2020 (UTC)

2287: Pathogen Resistance

2020-04-08T14:43:11Z

KarMann: Undo revision 190223 by 162.158.74.143 (talk)

{{comic
| number = 2287
| date = March 30, 2020
| title = Pathogen Resistance
| image = pathogen_resistance.png
| titletext = We're not trapped in here with the coronavirus. The coronavirus is trapped in here with us.
}}

==Explanation==
This comic is the 13th comic in a row in a [[:Category:COVID-19|series of comics]] related to the {{w|2019–20 coronavirus outbreak|2020 pandemic}} of the {{w|coronavirus}} - {{w|SARS-CoV-2}}.

Rather than expressing humanity's fears and pessimism about the pandemic, this strip anthropomorphizes some of the pathogens which afflict humanity and presents ''their'' fears and pessimism about possibly going extinct. This serves as a roundabout way of expressing hope and wonder at the ingenuity and tenacity of humans in the face of diseases past (with water sanitation, mosquito netting, and condoms) and present (with the power of social distancing and {{w|Gloria Gaynor}}'s hit song ''{{w|I Will Survive}}''). Gaynor recorded [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/12/entertainment/coronavirus-gloria-gaynor-i-will-survive-trnd/index.html a video of herself washing her hands] for 20 seconds (the recommended length of time to wash hands for optimal cleanliness) to the background of her hit song.

The three pathogens presented are a {{w|virus}} (a {{w|bacteriophage}}), a small colony of a {{w|coccus}}-shaped {{w|bacterium}} (such as ''{{w|Streptococcus}}''), and a {{w|protozoon}} (a caricature of a {{w|ciliate}}). Bacteriophages do not infect human cells (as the name suggests, they only infect bacteria), and have been studied for use as "{{w|phage therapy}}" ''for'' humans, especially in dealing with antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections (which is usually what people mean when they talk about "resistance" in the context of pathogens); however, they are iconic, instantly-recognizable viruses, and some have been found to [https://phys.org/news/2015-11-bacteria-bacteriophages-collude-formation-clinically.html collude with bacteria] in forming certain antibiotic-resistant {{w|biofilm}}s. {{w|Balantidiasis|Only one kind of ciliate}} is known to cause human disease; however, ciliates are iconic for protozoa just as bacteriophages are for viruses (see, for example, Gary Larson's now-venerable [https://www.thefarside.com ''The Far Side''] cartoons). The ciliate may be a 'stand-in' for protozoa that cause widespread and dangerous human diseases, such as {{w|malaria}}. The drawing is wildly out of scale; a protozoon is larger than a bacterium, which in turn is much larger than a virus.

"The scariest thing in the universe" to these microbes is the human immune system, represented in the second panel and later by {{w|antibody|antibodies}} (Y-shaped drawings) and anthropomorphized {{w|macrophage}}s (actual macrophages do not have glaring angry eyes{{Citation needed}}). When a {{w|T cell}} encounters an unfamiliar molecule in the body, such as the surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2, it will search for a {{w|B cell}} that produces a matching antibody. If and when it finds such a B cell, it will command the B cell to rapidly multiply and mass-produce antibodies. Those antibodies will then bind to any antigens they contact, which may impede the antigen (as shown by the tagged protozoon in panel 2 lagging behind its siblings) and will definitely mark them for destruction by macrophages, which {{w|phagocytosis|engulf ("HUUGGG") and digest}} antibody-tagged objects they encounter. T cells can also be described as [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170307142718.htm hugging cells], but a hug from a T cell is used to activate other processes, while a hug from a macrophage is a precursor to digestion. White blood cells are quite persistent once they have detected an antigen, even [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_xh-bkiv_c chasing them over many cell lengths] in what must be a terrifying experience for the antigen being chased.

The comic humorously considers pasta as an essential part of humans' fight against coronavirus. Pasta is an example of a dried food that can last a long time, if the orders to stay indoors continue. Pasta is a popular dish in Italy, which is experiencing particular difficulties with COVID-19, but not every culture consumes or likes pasta.

The colony of cocci protests that it shouldn't be possible for humans to evolve "pathogen resistance" in the short period of months since the breakout of COVID-19, when humans require over a decade to reach sexual maturity, and in modern times often wait at least two decades before having children. Humans develop immunity to some diseases after being infected, as some B cells become memory cells and are stored for quick re-activation in the case of a later infection, but this is not very effective against viruses which mutate rapidly, such as influenza and the common cold (which is sometimes caused by coronaviruses, although not SARS-CoV-2). Bacteria and viruses, on the other hand, reproduce in a matter of minutes, so that there may be hundreds of generations per day (comparable to the number of generations that have passed for humanity since the beginnings of agriculture), each of which presents opportunities to evolve new antigens that are not recognized by any antibodies present in the body or to evolve resistance to whatever antibiotic drugs the host might be using. However, as the bacteriophage explains, humans generally do not become resistant against pathogens by genetic drift (although there are researchers who are seeking to identify genes that encode resistances to various diseases and then propagate them to other humans through gene editing, as in the {{w|He Jiankui affair}}). Instead, humans "evolve" pathogen resistance through behavioral changes. The behaviors presented in this comic strip include:

* Municipal water supplies, which are filtered and treated to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases, like cholera and dysentery.
* Mosquito netting over beds, and also anti-insect poisoning, to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases, like malaria.
* Condoms (described as plastic in the comic, but more commonly latex rubber in real life), to prevent the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases, such as AIDS and syphilis.
* Social or physical distancing, hand-washing, storable food, and electronic communications, to prevent the spread of diseases through casual contact, like COVID-19.

These behaviors do not come from our genomes, passed along through reproduction, but from our brains, passed along by communication. Some of the language of epidemiology is also used in discussion of communication, most notably "going viral" -- in this case, information is going viral to prevent viruses from going viral.

The title text reverts to the point of view of humans and references a famous line from the graphic novel ''{{w|Watchmen}}'', where {{w|Rorschach (character)|Rorschach}}, whilst in prison and surrounded by enemies who want to kill him, proclaims: "I'm not locked up in here with YOU. You're locked up in here with ME." This presents an alternate perspective on quarantine and isolation that some may find more bearable: rather than passively hiding indoors in fear of the virus, we are taking action to fragment the virus population so that our immune systems (and medical intervention, in more serious cases) can {{w|defeat in detail|defeat it in detail}}.

==Transcript==
[A small colony of coccus bacteria, a bacteriophage, and a protozoon are floating together.]
:Bacteriophage: I'm worried about humans developing resistance to us.
:Bacteriophage: Using pasta.

[Cutaway to macrophages and antibodies chasing three protozoa. One protozoon is already covered in antibodies.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): The human immune system is a nightmare.
:Bacteriophage (narrating): It's the worst.
:Bacteriophage (narrating): It's the scariest thing in the universe.
:Macrophage: ''Who wants a HUUGGG''
:Antibody-covered protozoon: ''Nooo!''

[Close-up on bacteriophage]
:Bacteriophage: We can only survive by staying ahead of it. Keep jumping from person to person, keep mutating and evolving.
:Bacteriophage: But now humans are adapting too fast.

[Water pipes. A mosquito net with a bed under it. An unopened condom package.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): We spread through their water. They built pipes.
:Bacteriophage (narrating): We used mosquitoes. They put out nets and poison everywhere.
:Bacteriophage (narrating): We spread through sex, and suddenly they all had these plastic things.

[Depictions of coronavirus with spikes. Hairbun and Cueball shaking hands, with droplets spraying from both their mouths.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): This time, we really thought we had them.
:Bacteriophage (narrating): One of us got good at transmission through everyday contact.

[A row of 4 sets of human lungs, the first with several black dots, the second and third with increasing black parts, the fourth completely filled with black. A graph showing exponential growth.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): It was great. We were tearing through lungs, spreading like wildfire.
:Voice offscreen: Hooray!
:Voice 2 offscreen: I ''hate'' lungs.

[Close-up of bacteriophage "head".]
:Bacteriophage: Then, all of a sudden, humans everywhere just...''stopped''. They stopped working, stopped seeing friends.

[Megan is sitting on a couch, watching a flat screen. Cueball is at a sink with a mirror, washing his hands. They are facing away from each other.]
:Voice offscreen: What are they ''doing''?
:Voice 2 offscreen: Nothing!
:Voice 2 offscreen: They're just sitting there in their houses washing their hands.

[A single human in a empty room, surrounded by fallen droplets. Among the droplets is a coronavirus.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): Suddenly humans became dead ends. We tried to jump from one to the next, but there's no one to jump to.
:Coronavirus: Help!
:Bacteriophage (narrating): We can't escape.

[Coronaviruses, encroached on by macrophages and streams of antibodies.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): We're trapped in there with those ghastly immune systems.
:Antibodies: ''IT'S HUUG TIIIIIME''
:Macrophage: Come here for a HUUUG
:Macrophage: HUUUUGS

[Coronaviruses covered in antibodies and surrounded by macrophages. Some of the macrophages are devouring viruses. Others contain broken-down remnants.]
:Bacteriophage (narrating): Even if we win a fight, there's nowhere to go.
:Macrophage: HUUUUUUUGGSS
:Macrophage: HUUUUGS
:Bacteriophage (narrating): By staying inside, humans have become resistant.

[Back to the discussion between the coccus, the bacteriophage and the protozoon.]
:Coccus bacteria: How could they evolve that fast? Humans take decades to reproduce!
:Bacteriophage: It's not evolution. It's something with their brains.
:Protozoon: I ''wondered'' what those were for!

[Bacteriophage pointing to: Cueball and Megan looking at their phones; Megan and Cueball walking to the right; Megan and Cueball at separate sinks washing their hands.]
:Bacteriophage: Humans started looking at their phones, talking, writing words, and making signs. A human named "Gloria Gaynor" filmed herself singing at her bathroom sink.
:Bacteriophage: And then they bought lots of pasta.
:Bacteriophage: Then, around the world, they all went home and started washing their hands.

[Bacteriophage and protozoon.]
:Bacteriophage: They saw what we were doing and changed their behavior to stop us.
:Protozoon: Brains are the ''worst''.

[Coccus, bacteriophage and protozoon.]
:Coccus bacteria: It's not over, right? They can't sustain this. They must be bored and tired.
:Coccus bacteria: Will they give up?
:Bacteriophage: I don't know. They seem determined to protect each other.

[Coccus, bacteriophage and protozoon.]
:Bacteriophage: And
:Bacteriophage: They have a ''lot'' of pasta.

==Trivia==
* The title text originally contained a typo in the form of a double negative "We're not not trapped..." This has since been corrected.
* In the panel on the bottom left, the representation of the virus seems to be incompletely drawn, its head not showing any triangulation.
* This comic was released on Monday. Due to a technical issue with the [[2288: Collector's Edition|April Fools' comic]], this comic stayed up as the current comic until Friday instead of the usual Wednesday.

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:COVID-19]]
[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]
[[Category:Comics featuring Hairbun]]
[[Category:Comics featuring real people]]

Talk:2287: Pathogen Resistance

2020-04-02T14:03:27Z

KarMann: fix URLs

Note that the title text says "not not" -- meaning we're both trapped in here together [[User:John.Adriaan|John.Adriaan]] ([[User talk:John.Adriaan|talk]]) 04:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:Randall fixed that. [[User:Jacky720|That's right, Jacky720 just signed this]] ([[User talk:Jacky720|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Jacky720|contribs]]) 16:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Do bacteriophages "afflict" humanity? To my knowledge, they only infect bacteria and are even considered a possible future alternative to antibiotics by some. What is up with them being represented here? 09:12, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yeah, bacteriophage is just wrong here, it's a generic virus. This type of virus is depicted on the bacteriophage wikipedia page but viruses that affect humans can have that shape also. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.51.94|172.68.51.94]]
: There are no known human viruses of that shape (source: I'm a biologist), so this seems like more of a mistake on Randall's side (albeit an odd one for him to make, so perhaps somehow deliberate?). [[Special:Contributions/162.158.91.155|162.158.91.155]] 08:55, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::But... if it affects bacteria and humen have many bacteria (and many/most of them useful) in them, shouldn't it affect the human then as well? indirectly? Source: I have very vague knowledge :D --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 09:06, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::It may be deliberate in the sense that almost everyone will go "Oh, that's a virus!" when they see this shape, contrary to the other 2 which look more like big molecules or bacteria.[[Special:Contributions/162.158.111.7|162.158.111.7]] 09:20, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:: The bacteriophage point is now very nicely addressed in the explanation. Good job to all who contributed to that part! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.93.105|162.158.93.105]] 21:04, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Don’t worry, pathogens! All is not lost. There will always be some humans whose brains don’t work very well, who will buy into ideas like “vaccines cause autism”, or “faith healing”, or “natural remedies”, or “Trump is always right”. You’ll still have hosts. [[User:Tualha|Tualha]] ([[User talk:Tualha|talk]]) 07:27, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:That's right [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.158|108.162.216.158]] 13:13, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::Not really "always". Those might eventually go extinct. Assuming this kind of stupidity is hereditary ... -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Arthur C. Clarke said decades ago "It has yet to be proven that intelligence has any survival value." Likewise the hope the COVID-19 pandemic will eliminate people based on their unintelligent behavior is not proven. Based on limited data I am guessing the behavior of people around us affect our survival more then our own behavior.[[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 13:24, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Bacteriophages only infect bacteria and some kinds of Archaea, not humans, so the explanation is slightly wrong. They are probably the prettiest and easiest to recognise viral shape though, which is why they are so commonly used in cartoons and illustrations.[[User:Phil|Phil]] ([[User talk:Phil|talk]]) 08:29, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:I am just as much a hobby-virologist as anybody else suddenly is, but I have no clue what you are talking about. I don't even know which of the 3 shapes you mean. So please edit the explanation yourself if you see, that it is wrong. --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 08:37, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:: The narrator-virus in the middle of the three, that looks somewhat like a rotation of a mosquito, with a D20 on top. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage#/media/File:PhageExterior.svg Wikipedia diagram] [[Special:Contributions/141.101.69.13|141.101.69.13]] 12:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::D20 systems have a lot to answer for. The original D6 Star Wars worked well enough, and now I learn the D20 version spread viruses! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.210|162.158.34.210]] 11:23, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

"They bought lots of pasta." More like they bought lots of toilet paper! Humans, when we think rationally, can make great things happen. Humans, when we panic, can make incredibly foolish decisions. [[User:Nutster|Nutster]] ([[User talk:Nutster|talk]]) 11:32, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:It's both. At least in the supermarkets close to my place (western Germany), pasta, toilet paper, rice, milk, flour, yeast are all common to be out of stock or almost out of stock and usually their shelfes have by now signs that they will only sell a certain amount of them to each customer. --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 12:14, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

:Any chance this reveals Randall as a secret Pastafarian? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.46|162.158.34.46]] 13:23, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Why does one of the voices say, "I hate lungs"? --[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.62|108.162.216.62]] 13:08, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:To emphasize that they really do want to destroy those lungs. All good here. 13:13, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::It actually doesn't make sense. Pathogens LOVE lungs - it's a great place for them to have party in. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::I always imagined it was just a reiteration of a past conversation, to whit something like: "Not another lung? We never get to see anything else. Really, George, I don't know why you keep on booking the same old package deal ''every'' time we go abroad. You know, Janice's family always try something different. Instead of just flying in and sitting on the lung all the time they do exciting things like camping out on an interesting door handle then hitching rides on fingers into noses, or even dining out and taking a chance on an unwashed cup to introduce them to an interesting new throat..." [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.210|162.158.34.210]] 11:23, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

This comic is a positive message giving good advice to people on how to beat the current COVID-19 spread. But the numbers clearly show it is not working (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-52066105/coronavirus-us-death-rates-v-china-italy-and-south-Korea, and many other locations on the internet.) Continuing to believe this pandemic can be beat with only lock-downs, hand washing and telling people to not do things they do naturally without thinking, is the public health equivalent of engineering design with friction-less surfaces and mass-less pullies. We need solutions that understand human nature and tell people to do things they actually will do, not keep saying the same things over and over again despite experience screaming at us that people are not doing it. The 6 places that have controlled the outbreak (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Japan) have used different methods of testing, tracing, isolating, restricting travel, etc., but the one thing they have in common is a large portion of the population is wearing masks in public. The 5 places with the largest uncontrolled outbreaks (USA (especially NYC) Italy, Spain, Germany and France) are all using the same lock down strategy and all have public health officials discouraging / preventing people from wearing masks in public. This should not be hard to figure out. And saying the limited supply of masks need to go to certain people, not working to increase the number of masks, is what failure looks like. {{unsigned|Godzilla}}
:You know that it's possible to make a mask from piece of fabric at home? It may not be as good as professional mask but would still provide some sort of protection. Also, the amount of masks will go up if China starts making them ... -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:Masks like the 1.2 million defective ones that a Chinese manufacturer sold to the Dutch government for the care workers? Or the simpler ones that Dutch experts say aren't effective because they're bound to be used incorrectly and thus give a false sense of security? [[Special:Contributions/172.69.54.219|172.69.54.219]] 18:09, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:In a situation like the current one it is wise even for expert epidemiologists, virologists and medical practitioners to be very careful in their assumptions, analyses and conclusions. For anyone with little or no expertise in those fields, that goes doubly so. Note, for instance, that the regions you name as having controlled the outbreak also have very different social customs from those you name as uncontrolled. To an Italian, the everyday way Asians (excuse the generalizations) interact with each other is pretty much equivalent to "social distancing". When you regularly shake hands or hug (and then touch your nose or eyes, which people do constantly and subconsciously), the mask is not protective. In other words, there are many factors beyond simply wearing masks that can explain the current differences in virus spread, if such differences are even real (the current numbers are heavily skewed by test availability and criteria for who gets tested). More generally, we currently simply do not have enough information to confidently answer all the questions about this disease and how we should best combat it. Thus, I would recommend using expressions such as "this should not be hard to figure out" sparingly, especially given the knowledge that many very smart and highly trained people are working on "figuring it out"... [[Special:Contributions/162.158.93.105|162.158.93.105]] 21:21, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::I agree it's not so trivial to figure out, but also that we should both start wearing masks and stop with the shaking hands - both is easy enough to try. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::"In a situation like the current one it is wise even for expert epidemiologists, virologists and medical practitioners to be very careful in their assumptions, analyses and conclusions. For anyone with little or no expertise in those fields, that goes doubly so. Note, for instance, that the regions you name as having controlled the outbreak also have very different social customs from those you name as uncontrolled. To an Italian, the everyday way Asians (excuse the generalizations) interact with each other is pretty much equivalent to "social distancing"."
These statements are true. It is also true the the 6 places that have controlled the outbreak the best have very different social customs from each other. Likewise with the 5 places where the outbreak is spreading the most; Germans generally do not behave in public like Italians, but both cultures are experiencing similar 2-3 day double rates.
"...given the knowledge that many very smart and highly trained people are working on "figuring it out"..." We all know countless examples in history of "very smart and highly trained people" being wrong for very long periods of time (no-such-things-as-germs, the-earth-is-the-center-of-the-universe, etc.) And the differences in the spread of this outbreak in different countries is not trivial; it is spreading 10s or 100s of time faster in some places then others. These differences are not being explained adequately by the "very smart and highly trained people". At some point we need to realize what we are being told does not match what we are seeing. When we do we will start solving the problem. [[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 13:24, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

(Hey, people have been putting replies to someone else's unsigned comment under my joke. Lemme just move mine down here. -Jacky720)
{|class="wikitable"
|
Pathogens: ''infect humans through day-to-day contact'' 
Humans: ''stop day-to-day contact'' 
Humans: Checkmate.
|}
[[User:Jacky720|That's right, Jacky720 just signed this]] ([[User talk:Jacky720|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Jacky720|contribs]]) 16:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

OK the news is saying the CDC is reconsidering their position on the public wearing masks. Note it is not you wearing a mask that protects you, but everyone else wearing one, including the people with the virus who do not show symptoms. The mask catches many of the droplets infected people exhale, sneeze or cough out. This reduces the amount of virus containing droplets in the air for you to breath in, reduces the virus on surfaces you touch and then bring to your face with your hand, etc.

Here is the one study on home made masks, finding them to be roughly 1/3 as effective as surgical masks: [https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0921A05A69A9419C862FA2F35F819D55/S1935789313000438a.pdf/testing_the_efficacy_of_homemade_masks_would_they_protect_in_an_influenza_pandemic.pdf Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks]

Here is one of a few studies showing the public wearing masks is effective against the spread of the flu, colds, etc:
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993921/pdf/CD006207.pdf Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses]

Here is one (of many) source for making a mask: [https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/4/1/21203241/coronavirus-diy-face-mask-homemade-tutorials Everything you need to know about making your own face mask]

[[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 23:06, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

The text on xkcd.com just below the logo has been changed to read "Note: For technical reasons Wednesday's comic will be posted Thursday instead. Apologies for the delay!" Not sure if that's worth mentioning anywhere here, or on tomorrow's explanation once the Thursday comic goes up. [[User:Ijpete98|Ijpete98]] ([[User talk:Ijpete98|talk]]) 03:25, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
:We shouldn't rule out some type of April Fool's Day joke! [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 04:55, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
:: As far as I'm concerned, the question is whether he has something with elaborate Javascript that he's still working on lined up for slightly belated April Fool's, or is the delay itself the joke, in a way that might make more sense once we do see it? Time will tell. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:10, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

Talk:2287: Pathogen Resistance

2020-04-02T11:10:16Z

KarMann: April Fool's?

Note that the title text says "not not" -- meaning we're both trapped in here together [[User:John.Adriaan|John.Adriaan]] ([[User talk:John.Adriaan|talk]]) 04:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:Randall fixed that. [[User:Jacky720|That's right, Jacky720 just signed this]] ([[User talk:Jacky720|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Jacky720|contribs]]) 16:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Do bacteriophages "afflict" humanity? To my knowledge, they only infect bacteria and are even considered a possible future alternative to antibiotics by some. What is up with them being represented here? 09:12, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
: Yeah, bacteriophage is just wrong here, it's a generic virus. This type of virus is depicted on the bacteriophage wikipedia page but viruses that affect humans can have that shape also. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.51.94|172.68.51.94]]
: There are no known human viruses of that shape (source: I'm a biologist), so this seems like more of a mistake on Randall's side (albeit an odd one for him to make, so perhaps somehow deliberate?). [[Special:Contributions/162.158.91.155|162.158.91.155]] 08:55, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::But... if it affects bacteria and humen have many bacteria (and many/most of them useful) in them, shouldn't it affect the human then as well? indirectly? Source: I have very vague knowledge :D --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 09:06, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::It may be deliberate in the sense that almost everyone will go "Oh, that's a virus!" when they see this shape, contrary to the other 2 which look more like big molecules or bacteria.[[Special:Contributions/162.158.111.7|162.158.111.7]] 09:20, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:: The bacteriophage point is now very nicely addressed in the explanation. Good job to all who contributed to that part! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.93.105|162.158.93.105]] 21:04, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

Don’t worry, pathogens! All is not lost. There will always be some humans whose brains don’t work very well, who will buy into ideas like “vaccines cause autism”, or “faith healing”, or “natural remedies”, or “Trump is always right”. You’ll still have hosts. [[User:Tualha|Tualha]] ([[User talk:Tualha|talk]]) 07:27, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:That's right [[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.158|108.162.216.158]] 13:13, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::Not really "always". Those might eventually go extinct. Assuming this kind of stupidity is hereditary ... -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Arthur C. Clarke said decades ago "It has yet to be proven that intelligence has any survival value." Likewise the hope the COVID-19 pandemic will eliminate people based on their unintelligent behavior is not proven. Based on limited data I am guessing the behavior of people around us affect our survival more then our own behavior.[[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 13:24, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

Bacteriophages only infect bacteria and some kinds of Archaea, not humans, so the explanation is slightly wrong. They are probably the prettiest and easiest to recognise viral shape though, which is why they are so commonly used in cartoons and illustrations.[[User:Phil|Phil]] ([[User talk:Phil|talk]]) 08:29, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:I am just as much a hobby-virologist as anybody else suddenly is, but I have no clue what you are talking about. I don't even know which of the 3 shapes you mean. So please edit the explanation yourself if you see, that it is wrong. --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 08:37, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:: The narrator-virus in the middle of the three, that looks somewhat like a rotation of a mosquito, with a D20 on top. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriophage#/media/File:PhageExterior.svg Wikipedia diagram] [[Special:Contributions/141.101.69.13|141.101.69.13]] 12:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::D20 systems have a lot to answer for. The original D6 Star Wars worked well enough, and now I learn the D20 version spread viruses! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.210|162.158.34.210]] 11:23, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

"They bought lots of pasta." More like they bought lots of toilet paper! Humans, when we think rationally, can make great things happen. Humans, when we panic, can make incredibly foolish decisions. [[User:Nutster|Nutster]] ([[User talk:Nutster|talk]]) 11:32, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:It's both. At least in the supermarkets close to my place (western Germany), pasta, toilet paper, rice, milk, flour, yeast are all common to be out of stock or almost out of stock and usually their shelfes have by now signs that they will only sell a certain amount of them to each customer. --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 12:14, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
Why does one of the voices say, "I hate lungs"? --[[Special:Contributions/108.162.216.62|108.162.216.62]] 13:08, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:To emphasize that they really do want to destroy those lungs. All good here. 13:13, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::It actually doesn't make sense. Pathogens LOVE lungs - it's a great place for them to have party in. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::I always imagined it was just a reiteration of a past conversation, to whit something like: "Not another lung? We never get to see anything else. Really, George, I don't know why you keep on booking the same old package deal ''every'' time we go abroad. You know, Janice's family always try something different. Instead of just flying in and sitting on the lung all the time they do exciting things like camping out on an interesting door handle then hitching rides on fingers into noses, or even dining out and taking a chance on an unwashed cup to introduce them to an interesting new throat..." [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.210|162.158.34.210]] 11:23, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

This comic is a positive message giving good advice to people on how to beat the current COVID-19 spread. But the numbers clearly show it is not working (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-52066105/coronavirus-us-death-rates-v-china-italy-and-south-Korea, and many other locations on the internet.) Continuing to believe this pandemic can be beat with only lock-downs, hand washing and telling people to not do things they do naturally without thinking, is the public health equivalent of engineering design with friction-less surfaces and mass-less pullies. We need solutions that understand human nature and tell people to do things they actually will do, not keep saying the same things over and over again despite experience screaming at us that people are not doing it. The 6 places that have controlled the outbreak (China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Japan) have used different methods of testing, tracing, isolating, restricting travel, etc., but the one thing they have in common is a large portion of the population is wearing masks in public. The 5 places with the largest uncontrolled outbreaks (USA (especially NYC) Italy, Spain, Germany and France) are all using the same lock down strategy and all have public health officials discouraging / preventing people from wearing masks in public. This should not be hard to figure out. And saying the limited supply of masks need to go to certain people, not working to increase the number of masks, is what failure looks like. {{unsigned|Godzilla}}
:You know that it's possible to make a mask from piece of fabric at home? It may not be as good as professional mask but would still provide some sort of protection. Also, the amount of masks will go up if China starts making them ... -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:Masks like the 1.2 million defective ones that a Chinese manufacturer sold to the Dutch government for the care workers? Or the simpler ones that Dutch experts say aren't effective because they're bound to be used incorrectly and thus give a false sense of security? [[Special:Contributions/172.69.54.219|172.69.54.219]] 18:09, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:In a situation like the current one it is wise even for expert epidemiologists, virologists and medical practitioners to be very careful in their assumptions, analyses and conclusions. For anyone with little or no expertise in those fields, that goes doubly so. Note, for instance, that the regions you name as having controlled the outbreak also have very different social customs from those you name as uncontrolled. To an Italian, the everyday way Asians (excuse the generalizations) interact with each other is pretty much equivalent to "social distancing". When you regularly shake hands or hug (and then touch your nose or eyes, which people do constantly and subconsciously), the mask is not protective. In other words, there are many factors beyond simply wearing masks that can explain the current differences in virus spread, if such differences are even real (the current numbers are heavily skewed by test availability and criteria for who gets tested). More generally, we currently simply do not have enough information to confidently answer all the questions about this disease and how we should best combat it. Thus, I would recommend using expressions such as "this should not be hard to figure out" sparingly, especially given the knowledge that many very smart and highly trained people are working on "figuring it out"... [[Special:Contributions/162.158.93.105|162.158.93.105]] 21:21, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
::I agree it's not so trivial to figure out, but also that we should both start wearing masks and stop with the shaking hands - both is easy enough to try. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 22:17, 31 March 2020 (UTC)
:::"In a situation like the current one it is wise even for expert epidemiologists, virologists and medical practitioners to be very careful in their assumptions, analyses and conclusions. For anyone with little or no expertise in those fields, that goes doubly so. Note, for instance, that the regions you name as having controlled the outbreak also have very different social customs from those you name as uncontrolled. To an Italian, the everyday way Asians (excuse the generalizations) interact with each other is pretty much equivalent to "social distancing"."
These statements are true. It is also true the the 6 places that have controlled the outbreak the best have very different social customs from each other. Likewise with the 5 places where the outbreak is spreading the most; Germans generally do not behave in public like Italians, but both cultures are experiencing similar 2-3 day double rates.
"...given the knowledge that many very smart and highly trained people are working on "figuring it out"..." We all know countless examples in history of "very smart and highly trained people" being wrong for very long periods of time (no-such-things-as-germs, the-earth-is-the-center-of-the-universe, etc.) And the differences in the spread of this outbreak in different countries is not trivial; it is spreading 10s or 100s of time faster in some places then others. These differences are not being explained adequately by the "very smart and highly trained people". At some point we need to realize what we are being told does not match what we are seeing. When we do we will start solving the problem. [[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 13:24, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

(Hey, people have been putting replies to someone else's unsigned comment under my joke. Lemme just move mine down here. -Jacky720)
{|class="wikitable"
|
Pathogens: ''infect humans through day-to-day contact'' 
Humans: ''stop day-to-day contact'' 
Humans: Checkmate.
|}
[[User:Jacky720|That's right, Jacky720 just signed this]] ([[User talk:Jacky720|talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Jacky720|contribs]]) 16:38, 31 March 2020 (UTC)

OK the news is saying the CDC is reconsidering their position on the public wearing masks. Note it is not you wearing a mask that protects you, but everyone else wearing one, including the people with the virus who do not show symptoms. The mask catches many of the droplets infected people exhale, sneeze or cough out. This reduces the amount of virus containing droplets in the air for you to breath in, reduces the virus on surfaces you touch and then bring to your face with your hand, etc.

Here is the one study on home made masks, finding them to be roughly 1/3 as effective as surgical masks: [http://https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0921A05A69A9419C862FA2F35F819D55/S1935789313000438a.pdf/testing_the_efficacy_of_homemade_masks_would_they_protect_in_an_influenza_pandemic.pdf Testing the Efficacy of Homemade Masks]

Here is one of a few studies showing the public wearing masks is effective against the spread of the flu, colds, etc:
[http://https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993921/pdf/CD006207.pdf Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses]

Here is one (of many) source for making a mask: [http://https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/4/1/21203241/coronavirus-diy-face-mask-homemade-tutorials Everything you need to know about making your own face mask]

[[User:Godzilla|Godzilla]] ([[User talk:Godzilla|talk]]) 23:06, 1 April 2020 (UTC)

The text on xkcd.com just below the logo has been changed to read "Note: For technical reasons Wednesday's comic will be posted Thursday instead. Apologies for the delay!" Not sure if that's worth mentioning anywhere here, or on tomorrow's explanation once the Thursday comic goes up. [[User:Ijpete98|Ijpete98]] ([[User talk:Ijpete98|talk]]) 03:25, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
:We shouldn't rule out some type of April Fool's Day joke! [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 04:55, 2 April 2020 (UTC)
:: As far as I'm concerned, the question is whether he has something with elaborate Javascript that he's still working on lined up for slightly belated April Fool's, or is the delay itself the joke, in a way that might make more sense once we do see it? Time will tell. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 11:10, 2 April 2020 (UTC)

2278: Scientific Briefing

2020-03-12T10:32:35Z

KarMann: /* Explanation */ lc after semicolon

{{comic
| number = 2278
| date = March 9, 2020
| title = Scientific Briefing
| image = scientific_briefing.png
| titletext = "I actually came in in the middle so I don't know which topic we're briefing on; the same slides work for like half of them."
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete| Made by a CULTURE PRETENDING BAD THINGS ARE GOOD. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

This comic is about the need to act on problems, and the need to communicate them in ways that people can act on them. This problem underlies many issues in modern life, and anybody can help it{{Citation needed}}, by thinking, talking, helping, or asking others to help. If you can think of anything to do, say, make, or start, to help this, like say a small wiki for organizing discussion and viewpoints around issues that interested people could contribute to, please start something and link your work here to help others act as well.{{Citation needed}} It is arguable whether thinking or talking about a problem helps at all if no one acts upon it; similarly, action without sufficiently informed thinking can make things worse. Therefore both analysis ''and'' action may be required, to effect positive change.

Things are not good, and are going to be bad soon. The only way for things to not be bad is for someone to do something about it. [[Megan]] and [[Cueball]] are presenting these things to [[White Hat]], presumably hoping to encourage him to do something about things, but he instead chooses to wait for things to become bad, to which Megan replies that this is exactly the bad thing she and Cueball were hoping to prevent.

What things? Any number of things, because, as the title text remarks, this is true of "like half of" any things examined by society. While a literal 50% of ''all'' things may not be getting bad (or good), in a more general sense all line graphs would trend (at least slightly) either up or down. This binary 'either good or bad' finding may lead one to conclude that "like half" of all graphs show something getting bad (or else good).

The three comics preceding this one have been about COVID-19 ("the '''co'''rona'''vi'''rus '''d'''isease discovered in 20'''19'''"), so "things" could refer to cases of infections. The graph in the first panel shows a steadily rising line, but whith slight zigzags in it, which may be an intentional similarity to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeling_Curve Keeling Curve]. Like [[2275]], this comic seems a comment on the numerous world catastrophes that get sidelined until the very last moment, such as invading giant spiders, water quality, road systems, rising extremism and wars between groups with similar needs, lack of responsible oversight in majorly impactful international decisions, corruption and lack of trust for those with power, or climate change and related extinction of most species and cultures. Given Megan & Cueball's reaction to White-Hat's failure to act, this "sidelining" or failure to take action may very likely be the subject of their graph.

In short, the graph ''may'' indicate that our responses to information are going from good to bad.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
:[Megan and Cueball are showing a graph on a projected screen. The graph is labeled "Things", with "Time" advancing to the right on the ''x''-axis. The level of "Things" has been rising over time to a point labeled "Now". The current level of "Things" is above a level labeled "Good", and about as far below a level labeled "Bad". Megan is pointing to the line of "Things" with a pointer stick, while Cueball is pointing up to the "Bad" level with a pointer stick.]

:Megan: Here's the situation:
:Megan: This line is here.
:Cueball: But it's going up toward ''here''.

:[White Hat enters the scene. His hand is on his chin. Cueball is no longer holding a pointer stick.]

:White Hat: So things will be bad?
:Megan: Unless someone does something to stop it.
:White Hat: Will anyone do that?
:Megan: ...We don't know.
:Megan: That's why we're showing you this.

:[A narrow panel focusing only on Megan and Cueball.]

:White Hat (off-panel, left): So you don't know,
:White Hat: And the graph says things are '''''not''''' bad.
:Cueball: But if no one acts, they'll '''''become''''' bad.

:[White Hat is back inside the frame. He is gesturing to Megan and Cueball with his palm up.]

:White Hat: Well, please let me know if that happens!
:Megan: Based on this conversation, it already has.

==Trivia==
*Poorly labeled graphs were already the topic of [[833: Convincing]].
*This comic was initially missing the speech line to Cueball in panel 3.

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
[[Category:Comics featuring Megan]]
[[Category:Comics featuring White Hat]]
[[Category:Charts]]
[[Category:COVID-19]]

Talk:2277: Business Greetings

2020-03-12T10:24:19Z

KarMann: ETA

This comic appears to be the only one, ever, that doesn't have mouseover text
[[Special:Contributions/162.158.146.160|162.158.146.160]] 05:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Maybe our mice are just broken. Purely coincidental, I'm sure. [[User:SDSpivey|SDSpivey]] ([[User talk:SDSpivey|talk]]) 05:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Or it is a change, to go with the time... --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 08:07, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Technically [[404]] doesn't have an alt-text either. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.58.183|162.158.58.183]] 09:42, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I believe I've seen this before, where a comic _temporarily_ doesn't have title text. It may show itself yet. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.63.203|172.69.63.203]] 11:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::Maybe Randall posted it really late, staggered into bed, and will post the alt-text in the morning. I saw text but it was just the comic title. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.190|172.68.34.190]] 07:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::::It is common for dynamic comics to have no title text - see [[:Category:No title text]]. But it is a first for a standard comic. So interesting to see if it shows up later, or if this will be an outlier. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::::It has title text now: "We have email and social media now, so we probably don't need to keep exchanging business cards by pressing them gently against each others' faces with an open palm and smearing them around."

And, in case you were wondering, yes, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/10124306/Japanese-craze-for-eyeball-licking-leads-to-rise-in-infections.html eyeball licking is a thing] [[User:Sysin|Sysin]] ([[User talk:Sysin|talk]]) 08:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:According to [https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/in-the-public-eye/ Snopes] the story about Japanese eye licking is not true. I've removed it from the explanation for now. If my information turns out to be false, feel free to add it back in. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:16, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::I am surprised that people are not reporting experiences of eyeball licking. Seemed a natural thing to try for me when learning romantic behaviors, comparable to ears and other new behaviors with trusted cool people of gender of interest. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:: Even though the Japanese eyeball licking isn't true, the urban legend around it is surely what inspired Randall's choice of physical contact to use for this comic, so I think it's still worth a mention in the explanation (with appropriate caveat that it's not a real thing). -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 22:04, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::: Is it a common urban legend though? Maybe in the US or parts of the internet? I've never heard of it before it was mentioned here in the explanation [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 08:20, 11 March 2020 (UTC)
:::: 277,000 results from Google search for "eyeball licking japan", almost half the results for "eyeball licking", FWIW. ETA: And, again, certainly common enough that Randall would likely have heard of it. And it would be quite a coincidence for Randall to have come up with the same specific way of sharing germs independently. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 10:22, 12 March 2020 (UTC)

There is a public health campaign "Healthy or Sick, Please don't Lick". It's talking about gluing envelopes shut.
https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/whether-healthy-or-sick-please-dont-lick-washington-state-urges-voters-to-avoid-licking-the-envelopes-of-mail-in-ballots-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/articleshow/74498738.cms [[Special:Contributions/162.158.119.43|162.158.119.43]] 03:43, 10 March 2020 (UTC) DragonSister

It's possible that mouse over / touch operation is seen as another form of physical contact, that goes along the comic. {{unsigned ip|172.68.154.22}}
:I think he just forgot it. Maybe he is down with the coronavirus ;-) --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

I don't think we should overdo it with the "citation needed" joke or it will become dull. One instance in such a short explanation is definitely enough. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:It should not be used when no citation is needed! I remove them often --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::No, the whole joke is that we're asking for citations for something super obvious. I agree more than one would be overkill here though. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.241.70|108.162.241.70]] 16:00, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Kynde, that has been you? Please PLEASE stop removing them! I haven't seen one in ages, and they ALWAYS amuse me. I know I'm not alone. I know some people who feel that they've been done to death, but some of us still find them funny. :) You DO realize that if people are putting several that maybe it's just hoping you'll miss one? After all, it should be completely obvious that more than one (in ONE article) would be overkill... {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

I thought this comic was referring to hand-shaking, which is effectively licking one another's eyeballs, as much as we humans touch our own eyes & mouths. [[User:TPS|TPS]] ([[User talk:TPS|talk]]) 12:19, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:There is a meme (by Corona-is-hoax promoters and Communists-did-it-on-purpose proclaimers, mostly, so treat it with a pinch of salt rather than antivjral handwash) that doorknob-licking is a thing. Usually as a fabled method of infecting the doorknobs (by manchurin super-spreaders?) rather than getting infected from them (that's just what happens next from knob-to-hand-to-face contact). There are all kinds of wierdos though - by which I mean primarily the false-memers. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.154.217|162.158.154.217]] 15:01, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::And I though that the blinking reflex makes actually touching the eyeball almost impossible. Like, unless you hold the eyelid with other hand at least. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Or, if you use contact lenses regularly for long enough, you can suppress it (yes, I can reach up and touch my eyeball without holding my lids open with my other hand; I generally *don't* even with a contact there except when putting them in or taking them out, but I *can*).--[[User:Draco18s|Draco18s]] ([[User talk:Draco18s|talk]]) 03:18, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

For someone who is significantly introverted, might the act of shaking hands be nearly as weird and repugnant as eyeball licking would seem to most people? [[User:Schnitz|Schnitz]] ([[User talk:Schnitz|talk]]) 19:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Pretty sure that unless there's some cultural thing at play, finding the concept of shaking hands to be ''repugnant'' would indicate some form of mental disorder. Being reticent to shake hands due to avoiding human interaction is different from finding it disgusting. --[[Special:Contributions/172.69.34.238|172.69.34.238]] 21:39, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Please don't associate being repudiated by social contact with mental disorders on a forum for a comic designed for the severely introverted. It hurts to infer that you think any of us with that attribute may be crazy. Randall's comics mostly touch on experiences only severely introverted technologists would understand. Shaking hands, eye contact, empathizing with people -- these are all things engineers share awkwardness around. For many it is extreme. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::You mean like autism? You say "some form of mental disorder" as if everyone diagnosed with mental disorder would be put to asylum, while about 10% of kids are diagnosed with ADHD. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Mild ADD/ADHD is more of a disorder in my culture and perhaps most modern cultures than in other circumstances and I believe representative of a tendency to put problems on an individual rather than on systemic choices. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.208|172.68.34.208]] 03:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:Reminds me of the comic about eating spiders / lobsters. :) An effective way to communicate how you feel. [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

Okay, seeing as this is the first Citation Needed joke I've seen in a LONG time, could the prudes who like to remove them PLEASE leave this one alone???? I find it's a particularly good one. Just because the gag has gotten stale for you doesn't mean there aren't those of us who still like them. :) {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::They do not. There are no purely serious explanations on this entire wiki. The link is a joke in and of itself, joking about how something obvious doesn't actually need a citation. It is used to liven up a dry explanation. Sometimes the joke works, and sometimes it doesn't, but that shouldn't be decided by a single user. And it definitely should not be removed in every usage, as the tag exists for a reason: the community likes the in-joke.
::If you feel a particular use of the joke doesn't fit, talk about it on the talk page. Please don't just remove it on your own, or continue arguing that it shouldn't be used at all. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 12:29, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::The statement for which Kynde removed the tag was "[...]an analogy to some cultures' norm of kissing acquaintances in greeting." - In this case, I think the CN-Tag was not as funny, as it is not something obvious like "the sun is very hot", but to an interpretation. In general I am a big fan of the joke: As long as it fits.--[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 13:01, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I love the gag, but I do think it's a bit too easy to overuse it, or use it in places where it isn't as effective. I feel that it's one of things that shouldn't be forced; it should fit naturally into the explanation, or not be used at all. [[User:Hawthorn|Hawthorn]] ([[User talk:Hawthorn|talk]]) 13:10, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Frankly, I also think it's no longer funny. And the fact that you haven't seen one in a LONG time may be because other editors are removing them when they're inserted ad nauseum. If editors insist on putting them to a discussion vote, I'm going to vote against them every time. (If I tell my spouse the same joke time and time again, very quickly she gets tired of hearing it and tells me flatly.) [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 19:28, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::Since Randall himself uses the same device in his books I don't think it is unreasonable to leave some of them here...

== Remote work ==

I'd like to add information about remote work, work-from-home, telecommuting, and similar proposals motivating the situation. I haven't thought about exactly what I want to say, but I have some ideas. I'm interested in looking for ways that [https://www.labster.com/simulations/ virologists might] work [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhuiMRIn6GM from home] for example. I think I'll start with [https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1236167758045261824 the good,] the [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/facebook-google-ask-san-francisco-063527587.html middling], the [https://nypost.com/2020/03/07/coronavirus-may-force-nyc-office-staffers-to-work-remotely/ hopeful], the [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-06/apple-encourages-silicon-valley-staff-to-work-from-home-on-virus fine,] the [https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-03-05-microsoft-asks-employees-to-work-from-home-over-coronavirus-fears mediocre,] the [https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2020/03/intel-responding-to-coronavirus-says-many-employees-can-work-from-home.html above average], and the [https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-03-06/coronavirus-telecommute-work-from-home interesting but questionable.] Developing.... [[Special:Contributions/172.69.22.206|172.69.22.206]] 03:50, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
:Well, if you took home a DNA sequencer/printer (or RNA, of course), I imagine a virologist could easily do at least some practical work remotely with an appropriate electronic transfer of data. Though I'm not sure we're ready for people able to 'print out' actual(/potential) viral code in their own homes! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.159.102|162.158.159.102]] 20:44, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
::Specially virologists should work the other way around: They would be home, the viri would be in remote isolated laboratory and all work on them done by remotely controlled robotic hands. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 23:26, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

Talk:2277: Business Greetings

2020-03-12T10:22:19Z

KarMann: urban legend frequency

This comic appears to be the only one, ever, that doesn't have mouseover text
[[Special:Contributions/162.158.146.160|162.158.146.160]] 05:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Maybe our mice are just broken. Purely coincidental, I'm sure. [[User:SDSpivey|SDSpivey]] ([[User talk:SDSpivey|talk]]) 05:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Or it is a change, to go with the time... --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 08:07, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Technically [[404]] doesn't have an alt-text either. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.58.183|162.158.58.183]] 09:42, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I believe I've seen this before, where a comic _temporarily_ doesn't have title text. It may show itself yet. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.63.203|172.69.63.203]] 11:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::Maybe Randall posted it really late, staggered into bed, and will post the alt-text in the morning. I saw text but it was just the comic title. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.190|172.68.34.190]] 07:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::::It is common for dynamic comics to have no title text - see [[:Category:No title text]]. But it is a first for a standard comic. So interesting to see if it shows up later, or if this will be an outlier. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::::It has title text now: "We have email and social media now, so we probably don't need to keep exchanging business cards by pressing them gently against each others' faces with an open palm and smearing them around."

And, in case you were wondering, yes, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/10124306/Japanese-craze-for-eyeball-licking-leads-to-rise-in-infections.html eyeball licking is a thing] [[User:Sysin|Sysin]] ([[User talk:Sysin|talk]]) 08:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:According to [https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/in-the-public-eye/ Snopes] the story about Japanese eye licking is not true. I've removed it from the explanation for now. If my information turns out to be false, feel free to add it back in. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:16, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::I am surprised that people are not reporting experiences of eyeball licking. Seemed a natural thing to try for me when learning romantic behaviors, comparable to ears and other new behaviors with trusted cool people of gender of interest. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:: Even though the Japanese eyeball licking isn't true, the urban legend around it is surely what inspired Randall's choice of physical contact to use for this comic, so I think it's still worth a mention in the explanation (with appropriate caveat that it's not a real thing). -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 22:04, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::: Is it a common urban legend though? Maybe in the US or parts of the internet? I've never heard of it before it was mentioned here in the explanation [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 08:20, 11 March 2020 (UTC)
:::: 277,000 results from Google search for "eyeball licking japan", almost half the results for "eyeball licking", FWIW. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 10:22, 12 March 2020 (UTC)

There is a public health campaign "Healthy or Sick, Please don't Lick". It's talking about gluing envelopes shut.
https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/whether-healthy-or-sick-please-dont-lick-washington-state-urges-voters-to-avoid-licking-the-envelopes-of-mail-in-ballots-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/articleshow/74498738.cms [[Special:Contributions/162.158.119.43|162.158.119.43]] 03:43, 10 March 2020 (UTC) DragonSister

It's possible that mouse over / touch operation is seen as another form of physical contact, that goes along the comic. {{unsigned ip|172.68.154.22}}
:I think he just forgot it. Maybe he is down with the coronavirus ;-) --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

I don't think we should overdo it with the "citation needed" joke or it will become dull. One instance in such a short explanation is definitely enough. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:It should not be used when no citation is needed! I remove them often --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::No, the whole joke is that we're asking for citations for something super obvious. I agree more than one would be overkill here though. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.241.70|108.162.241.70]] 16:00, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Kynde, that has been you? Please PLEASE stop removing them! I haven't seen one in ages, and they ALWAYS amuse me. I know I'm not alone. I know some people who feel that they've been done to death, but some of us still find them funny. :) You DO realize that if people are putting several that maybe it's just hoping you'll miss one? After all, it should be completely obvious that more than one (in ONE article) would be overkill... {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

I thought this comic was referring to hand-shaking, which is effectively licking one another's eyeballs, as much as we humans touch our own eyes & mouths. [[User:TPS|TPS]] ([[User talk:TPS|talk]]) 12:19, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:There is a meme (by Corona-is-hoax promoters and Communists-did-it-on-purpose proclaimers, mostly, so treat it with a pinch of salt rather than antivjral handwash) that doorknob-licking is a thing. Usually as a fabled method of infecting the doorknobs (by manchurin super-spreaders?) rather than getting infected from them (that's just what happens next from knob-to-hand-to-face contact). There are all kinds of wierdos though - by which I mean primarily the false-memers. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.154.217|162.158.154.217]] 15:01, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::And I though that the blinking reflex makes actually touching the eyeball almost impossible. Like, unless you hold the eyelid with other hand at least. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Or, if you use contact lenses regularly for long enough, you can suppress it (yes, I can reach up and touch my eyeball without holding my lids open with my other hand; I generally *don't* even with a contact there except when putting them in or taking them out, but I *can*).--[[User:Draco18s|Draco18s]] ([[User talk:Draco18s|talk]]) 03:18, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

For someone who is significantly introverted, might the act of shaking hands be nearly as weird and repugnant as eyeball licking would seem to most people? [[User:Schnitz|Schnitz]] ([[User talk:Schnitz|talk]]) 19:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Pretty sure that unless there's some cultural thing at play, finding the concept of shaking hands to be ''repugnant'' would indicate some form of mental disorder. Being reticent to shake hands due to avoiding human interaction is different from finding it disgusting. --[[Special:Contributions/172.69.34.238|172.69.34.238]] 21:39, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Please don't associate being repudiated by social contact with mental disorders on a forum for a comic designed for the severely introverted. It hurts to infer that you think any of us with that attribute may be crazy. Randall's comics mostly touch on experiences only severely introverted technologists would understand. Shaking hands, eye contact, empathizing with people -- these are all things engineers share awkwardness around. For many it is extreme. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::You mean like autism? You say "some form of mental disorder" as if everyone diagnosed with mental disorder would be put to asylum, while about 10% of kids are diagnosed with ADHD. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Mild ADD/ADHD is more of a disorder in my culture and perhaps most modern cultures than in other circumstances and I believe representative of a tendency to put problems on an individual rather than on systemic choices. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.208|172.68.34.208]] 03:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:Reminds me of the comic about eating spiders / lobsters. :) An effective way to communicate how you feel. [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

Okay, seeing as this is the first Citation Needed joke I've seen in a LONG time, could the prudes who like to remove them PLEASE leave this one alone???? I find it's a particularly good one. Just because the gag has gotten stale for you doesn't mean there aren't those of us who still like them. :) {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::They do not. There are no purely serious explanations on this entire wiki. The link is a joke in and of itself, joking about how something obvious doesn't actually need a citation. It is used to liven up a dry explanation. Sometimes the joke works, and sometimes it doesn't, but that shouldn't be decided by a single user. And it definitely should not be removed in every usage, as the tag exists for a reason: the community likes the in-joke.
::If you feel a particular use of the joke doesn't fit, talk about it on the talk page. Please don't just remove it on your own, or continue arguing that it shouldn't be used at all. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 12:29, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::The statement for which Kynde removed the tag was "[...]an analogy to some cultures' norm of kissing acquaintances in greeting." - In this case, I think the CN-Tag was not as funny, as it is not something obvious like "the sun is very hot", but to an interpretation. In general I am a big fan of the joke: As long as it fits.--[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 13:01, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I love the gag, but I do think it's a bit too easy to overuse it, or use it in places where it isn't as effective. I feel that it's one of things that shouldn't be forced; it should fit naturally into the explanation, or not be used at all. [[User:Hawthorn|Hawthorn]] ([[User talk:Hawthorn|talk]]) 13:10, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Frankly, I also think it's no longer funny. And the fact that you haven't seen one in a LONG time may be because other editors are removing them when they're inserted ad nauseum. If editors insist on putting them to a discussion vote, I'm going to vote against them every time. (If I tell my spouse the same joke time and time again, very quickly she gets tired of hearing it and tells me flatly.) [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 19:28, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::Since Randall himself uses the same device in his books I don't think it is unreasonable to leave some of them here...

== Remote work ==

I'd like to add information about remote work, work-from-home, telecommuting, and similar proposals motivating the situation. I haven't thought about exactly what I want to say, but I have some ideas. I'm interested in looking for ways that [https://www.labster.com/simulations/ virologists might] work [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhuiMRIn6GM from home] for example. I think I'll start with [https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1236167758045261824 the good,] the [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/facebook-google-ask-san-francisco-063527587.html middling], the [https://nypost.com/2020/03/07/coronavirus-may-force-nyc-office-staffers-to-work-remotely/ hopeful], the [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-06/apple-encourages-silicon-valley-staff-to-work-from-home-on-virus fine,] the [https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-03-05-microsoft-asks-employees-to-work-from-home-over-coronavirus-fears mediocre,] the [https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2020/03/intel-responding-to-coronavirus-says-many-employees-can-work-from-home.html above average], and the [https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-03-06/coronavirus-telecommute-work-from-home interesting but questionable.] Developing.... [[Special:Contributions/172.69.22.206|172.69.22.206]] 03:50, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
:Well, if you took home a DNA sequencer/printer (or RNA, of course), I imagine a virologist could easily do at least some practical work remotely with an appropriate electronic transfer of data. Though I'm not sure we're ready for people able to 'print out' actual(/potential) viral code in their own homes! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.159.102|162.158.159.102]] 20:44, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
::Specially virologists should work the other way around: They would be home, the viri would be in remote isolated laboratory and all work on them done by remotely controlled robotic hands. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 23:26, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

Talk:2277: Business Greetings

2020-03-09T22:04:12Z

KarMann: in support of eyeball licking

This comic appears to be the only one, ever, that doesn't have mouseover text
[[Special:Contributions/162.158.146.160|162.158.146.160]] 05:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Maybe our mice are just broken. Purely coincidental, I'm sure. [[User:SDSpivey|SDSpivey]] ([[User talk:SDSpivey|talk]]) 05:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Or it is a change, to go with the time... --[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 08:07, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Technically [[404]] doesn't have an alt-text either. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.58.183|162.158.58.183]] 09:42, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I believe I've seen this before, where a comic _temporarily_ doesn't have title text. It may show itself yet. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.63.203|172.69.63.203]] 11:49, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::Maybe Randall posted it really late, staggered into bed, and will post the alt-text in the morning. I saw text but it was just the comic title. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.190|172.68.34.190]] 07:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::::::It is common for dynamic comics to have no title text - see [[:Category:No title text]]. But it is a first for a standard comic. So interesting to see if it shows up later, or if this will be an outlier. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:::::::It has title text now: "We have email and social media now, so we probably don't need to keep exchanging business cards by pressing them gently against each others' faces with an open palm and smearing them around."

And, in case you were wondering, yes, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/10124306/Japanese-craze-for-eyeball-licking-leads-to-rise-in-infections.html eyeball licking is a thing] [[User:Sysin|Sysin]] ([[User talk:Sysin|talk]]) 08:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:According to [https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/in-the-public-eye/ Snopes] the story about Japanese eye licking is not true. I've removed it from the explanation for now. If my information turns out to be false, feel free to add it back in. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:16, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::I am surprised that people are not reporting experiences of eyeball licking. Seemed a natural thing to try for me when learning romantic behaviors, comparable to ears and other new behaviors with trusted cool people of gender of interest. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:: Even though the Japanese eyeball licking isn't true, the urban legend around it is surely what inspired Randall's choice of physical contact to use for this comic, so I think it's still worth a mention in the explanation (with appropriate caveat that it's not a real thing). -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 22:04, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

It's possible that mouse over / touch operation is seen as another form of physical contact, that goes along the comic. {{unsigned ip|172.68.154.22}}
:I think he just forgot it. Maybe he is down with the coronavirus ;-) --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)

I don't think we should overdo it with the "citation needed" joke or it will become dull. One instance in such a short explanation is definitely enough. [[User:Bischoff|Bischoff]] ([[User talk:Bischoff|talk]]) 11:22, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:It should not be used when no citation is needed! I remove them often --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 12:15, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::No, the whole joke is that we're asking for citations for something super obvious. I agree more than one would be overkill here though. [[Special:Contributions/108.162.241.70|108.162.241.70]] 16:00, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Kynde, that has been you? Please PLEASE stop removing them! I haven't seen one in ages, and they ALWAYS amuse me. I know I'm not alone. I know some people who feel that they've been done to death, but some of us still find them funny. :) You DO realize that if people are putting several that maybe it's just hoping you'll miss one? After all, it should be completely obvious that more than one (in ONE article) would be overkill... {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

I thought this comic was referring to hand-shaking, which is effectively licking one another's eyeballs, as much as we humans touch our own eyes & mouths. [[User:TPS|TPS]] ([[User talk:TPS|talk]]) 12:19, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:There is a meme (by Corona-is-hoax promoters and Communists-did-it-on-purpose proclaimers, mostly, so treat it with a pinch of salt rather than antivjral handwash) that doorknob-licking is a thing. Usually as a fabled method of infecting the doorknobs (by manchurin super-spreaders?) rather than getting infected from them (that's just what happens next from knob-to-hand-to-face contact). There are all kinds of wierdos though - by which I mean primarily the false-memers. [[Special:Contributions/162.158.154.217|162.158.154.217]] 15:01, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::And I though that the blinking reflex makes actually touching the eyeball almost impossible. Like, unless you hold the eyelid with other hand at least. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Or, if you use contact lenses regularly for long enough, you can suppress it (yes, I can reach up and touch my eyeball without holding my lids open with my other hand; I generally *don't* even with a contact there except when putting them in or taking them out, but I *can*).--[[User:Draco18s|Draco18s]] ([[User talk:Draco18s|talk]]) 03:18, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

For someone who is significantly introverted, might the act of shaking hands be nearly as weird and repugnant as eyeball licking would seem to most people? [[User:Schnitz|Schnitz]] ([[User talk:Schnitz|talk]]) 19:51, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
:Pretty sure that unless there's some cultural thing at play, finding the concept of shaking hands to be ''repugnant'' would indicate some form of mental disorder. Being reticent to shake hands due to avoiding human interaction is different from finding it disgusting. --[[Special:Contributions/172.69.34.238|172.69.34.238]] 21:39, 6 March 2020 (UTC)
::Please don't associate being repudiated by social contact with mental disorders on a forum for a comic designed for the severely introverted. It hurts to infer that you think any of us with that attribute may be crazy. Randall's comics mostly touch on experiences only severely introverted technologists would understand. Shaking hands, eye contact, empathizing with people -- these are all things engineers share awkwardness around. For many it is extreme. [[Special:Contributions/172.69.62.244|172.69.62.244]] 15:42, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::You mean like autism? You say "some form of mental disorder" as if everyone diagnosed with mental disorder would be put to asylum, while about 10% of kids are diagnosed with ADHD. -- [[User:Hkmaly|Hkmaly]] ([[User talk:Hkmaly|talk]]) 01:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Mild ADD/ADHD is more of a disorder in my culture and perhaps most modern cultures than in other circumstances and I believe representative of a tendency to put problems on an individual rather than on systemic choices. [[Special:Contributions/172.68.34.208|172.68.34.208]] 03:20, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:Reminds me of the comic about eating spiders / lobsters. :) An effective way to communicate how you feel. [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)

Okay, seeing as this is the first Citation Needed joke I've seen in a LONG time, could the prudes who like to remove them PLEASE leave this one alone???? I find it's a particularly good one. Just because the gag has gotten stale for you doesn't mean there aren't those of us who still like them. :) {{Citation needed}} [[User:NiceGuy1|NiceGuy1]] ([[User talk:NiceGuy1|talk]]) 05:45, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
:They completely ruin the reading of a serious explanation because people think it is funny they know the citation needed short cut. --[[User:Kynde|Kynde]] ([[User talk:Kynde|talk]]) 23:21, 7 March 2020 (UTC)
::They do not. There are no purely serious explanations on this entire wiki. The link is a joke in and of itself, joking about how something obvious doesn't actually need a citation. It is used to liven up a dry explanation. Sometimes the joke works, and sometimes it doesn't, but that shouldn't be decided by a single user. And it definitely should not be removed in every usage, as the tag exists for a reason: the community likes the in-joke.
::If you feel a particular use of the joke doesn't fit, talk about it on the talk page. Please don't just remove it on your own, or continue arguing that it shouldn't be used at all. [[User:Trlkly|Trlkly]] ([[User talk:Trlkly|talk]]) 12:29, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::The statement for which Kynde removed the tag was "[...]an analogy to some cultures' norm of kissing acquaintances in greeting." - In this case, I think the CN-Tag was not as funny, as it is not something obvious like "the sun is very hot", but to an interpretation. In general I am a big fan of the joke: As long as it fits.--[[User:Lupo|Lupo]] ([[User talk:Lupo|talk]]) 13:01, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::::I love the gag, but I do think it's a bit too easy to overuse it, or use it in places where it isn't as effective. I feel that it's one of things that shouldn't be forced; it should fit naturally into the explanation, or not be used at all. [[User:Hawthorn|Hawthorn]] ([[User talk:Hawthorn|talk]]) 13:10, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:::Frankly, I also think it's no longer funny. And the fact that you haven't seen one in a LONG time may be because other editors are removing them when they're inserted ad nauseum. If editors insist on putting them to a discussion vote, I'm going to vote against them every time. (If I tell my spouse the same joke time and time again, very quickly she gets tired of hearing it and tells me flatly.) [[User:Ianrbibtitlht|Ianrbibtitlht]] ([[User talk:Ianrbibtitlht|talk]]) 19:28, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

== Remote work ==

I'd like to add information about remote work, work-from-home, telecommuting, and similar proposals motivating the situation. I haven't thought about exactly what I want to say, but I have some ideas. I'm interested in looking for ways that [https://www.labster.com/simulations/ virologists might] work [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhuiMRIn6GM from home] for example. I think I'll start with [https://twitter.com/krmaher/status/1236167758045261824 the good,] the [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/facebook-google-ask-san-francisco-063527587.html middling], the [https://nypost.com/2020/03/07/coronavirus-may-force-nyc-office-staffers-to-work-remotely/ hopeful], the [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-06/apple-encourages-silicon-valley-staff-to-work-from-home-on-virus fine,] the [https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-03-05-microsoft-asks-employees-to-work-from-home-over-coronavirus-fears mediocre,] the [https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2020/03/intel-responding-to-coronavirus-says-many-employees-can-work-from-home.html above average], and the [https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-03-06/coronavirus-telecommute-work-from-home interesting but questionable.] Developing.... [[Special:Contributions/172.69.22.206|172.69.22.206]] 03:50, 8 March 2020 (UTC)
:Well, if you took home a DNA sequencer/printer (or RNA, of course), I imagine a virologist could easily do at least some practical work remotely with an appropriate electronic transfer of data. Though I'm not sure we're ready for people able to 'print out' actual(/potential) viral code in their own homes! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.159.102|162.158.159.102]] 20:44, 8 March 2020 (UTC)

Talk:2278: Scientific Briefing

2020-03-09T21:29:24Z

KarMann: half or more

Reference to COVID-19?
[[Special:Contributions/172.69.70.173|172.69.70.173]] 20:42, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
:Seems closer to global warming to me. [[User:LegionMammal978|LegionMammal978]] ([[User talk:LegionMammal978|talk]]) 21:01, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::Given the title text, it could plausibly be about either of those, or just about anything else (ocean acidification, deforestation, wireless spectrum congestion...) --[[User:NotaBene|NotaBene]] ([[User talk:NotaBene|talk]]) 21:25, 9 March 2020 (UTC)
::: Or at least, like, half of them. -- [[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 21:29, 9 March 2020 (UTC)

2104: Biff Tannen

2019-01-28T19:11:06Z

KarMann: /* Transcript */ are we still doing phrasing?

{{comic
| number = 2104
| date = January 28, 2019
| title = Biff Tannen
| image = biff_tannen.png
| titletext = I can't help myself; now I want to read a bunch of thinkpieces from newspapers in Biff's 1985 arguing over whether the growth of the region into a corporate dystopia was inevitable.
}}

==Explanation==

This comic is based on ''{{w|Back to the Future II}}''. In this movie, the character Biff Tannen steals the time machine, which is the main plot device, and uses it to go back in time from 2015 to 1955. He then gives Marty MacFly’s sports almanac, containing the outcomes of 50 years (1950–2000) worth of sporting events, to his younger self. His younger self uses this sports almanac to make millions by successfully betting on {{w|horse races}}. He then forms a company, and calls it [https://backtothefuture.fandom.com/wiki/BiffCo BiffCo]. While in the movie the protagonists reverse this, by stealing the almanac back, Cueball imagines the universe where BiffCo exists as continuing to exist in parallel. This is consistent with the {{w|multiverse}} theory.

The movie is set in the fictional town of Hill Valley, California. When the protagonists return to 1985, they find that Biff has turned the town’s “Courthouse Square” into a 27-story casino, and generally taken over Hill Valley. Cueball interprets this as “the decline of the city, and general social decay”.

''[https://www.amazon.com/Hillbilly-Elegy-Memoir-Family-Culture/dp/0062300547 Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis.]'' is a book, published in June 2016, that gives an account of growing up in a poor Rust Belt town, and offers a broader, probing look at the struggles of America’s white working class. This comic is a play on the title of this book, which has been described as explaining the “social, regional, and class” issues in white working-class America. The white American working class was a key factor in the election of U.S. President Donald Trump, and many critics have interpreted the book as an explanation of his election, which was deemed improbable by many analysts before it happened.

Cueball is proposing a similarly-titled book, set in the ''Back to the Future II'' universe where BiffCo exists, that would describe the supposed factors leading to the rise of Biff Tannen in Hill Valley. In that universe, while the rise of Biff—and the subsequent decay of the city—is the result of his using a future sports almanac to cheat at sports betting, the rest of the population would have to guess at the structural societal issues that might have caused Biff’s otherwise inexplicable success. Thus, Cueball compares such blind guessing with the analysis contained in ''Hillbilly Elegy''.

This makes White Hat Guy angry, because it’s such a painfully long setup for a really stupid pun. There is also a decent chance that the book White Hat Guy is currently reading is ''Hillbilly Elegy'', which would make the joke more insulting to him, as it compares the book to useless theorizing about an event which was really caused by time traveling. After seeing similar symptoms in our society, perhaps he would consider that we are living in such a world predetermined to negative effects. It would probably frustrate him that being optimistic for the future and hoping for a changing society would be an effort in vain, when the universe is similarly tampered with by time-travellers. Alternatively, he is enjoying the book and is angry at the insult to it.

Randall is known to have [[1756: I'm With Her|supported the opposing candidate before Trump was elected]], having made a comic just to promote her, and particularly [[1779: 2017|sad comics]] following his election. Therefore, he may have made this comic as an insult to a book which supposedly explains the election of the candidate he opposed, by comparing it to useless (and wrong) theorizing. It may also be intended as an insult to Trump himself, by comparing the dystopian universe where Biff rose to power (albeit not as President) to the actual universe where Trump rose to power.

The title text continues this comparison by mentioning thinkpieces from newspapers that would appear in the ''Back to the Future II'' universe where BiffCo exists. Various thinkpieces did appear in real life newspapers in an attempt to explain Trump’s rise to power after his election, and asking whether it was inevitable.

==Transcript==

[Cueball talks while walking up behind White Hat, who is reading in an armchair.]

Cueball: You know, in the universe where Biff Tannen took Marty McFly’s sports almanac back in time, the people wouldn’t have any counterfactuals to work with.

Cueball: Their world would be ''the'' world.

[White Hat turns his head to look at Cueball as he keeps talking.]

Cueball: They would have spent decades debating which structural problems enabled the rise of BiffCo, the decline of the city, and general social decay.

Cueball: Everyone would find reasons it confirmed their pet theory.

Cueball: I'm going to write a book set in that universe. I'll call it ''Hill Valley Elegy''.

[White Hat turns his head back to his book in disgust.]

White Hat: ... I ''hate'' you.

{{comic discussion}}

Talk:2104: Biff Tannen

2019-01-28T16:09:10Z

KarMann: fix my separation

Collusion with a time traveler would bring a few things into focus. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.25|173.245.54.25]] 15:24, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy
[[Special:Contributions/172.68.65.198|172.68.65.198]] 15:39, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

Talk:2104: Biff Tannen

2019-01-28T16:08:50Z

KarMann: separate separate [sic] comments

Collusion with a time traveler would bring a few things into focus. [[Special:Contributions/173.245.54.25|173.245.54.25]] 15:24, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy

[[Special:Contributions/172.68.65.198|172.68.65.198]] 15:39, 28 January 2019 (UTC)

User talk:KarMann

2013-08-21T02:31:19Z

KarMann: /* Time-animated */

==Time-animated==
Hullo. Now that time is over, could you do one last, complete version of the animated gif? Thanks! '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 15:07, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

About the animated Time GIF, I actually prepared one right away at the end, but I haven't been able to get it to upload here, even though it's rather less than the stated size limit, 12 MB out of I think 40 MB. If anyone can suggest what might be going on, I'll be happy to try it out. I did ask in the XKCD forum, but didn't get any help there. Just in case it was a temporary thing, I'll go give it a shot here again after I post this. Wouldn't want to save face or anything if it actually works all of a sudden, after all.—[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 20:04, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
:Maybe it should be divided into some parts, matching the scenes from the explain section. But then we need a navigation bar (next scene, previous scene, select scene), it's some advanced mediawiki edit but it should be possible. Let me know.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:41, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
::Hrm. Could you put up an external download link? I'll try uploading it. In the meantime, I'll get Jeff to bump the file size limit for a few days. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 23:55, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
::: Sure thing. [http://www.ghiapet.net/images/time-animated.gif time-animated.gif] (I should say, it's actually missing two of the last three repeating frames. But I'm not going to bother fixing it until I can upload it.)
::: FWIW, what happens is that things seem to be going normally, I select the file, do the summary, click "Upload file", and then I even get a burst of upload traffic right then, like it's certainly trying to send it. Then suddenly I'm back at the upload page, instead of returning to the [[:File:time-animated.gif]] page as I seem to remember it doing before.—[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 00:54, 21 August 2013 (UTC)
::::A number in a config file is set too low and the server is blocking large files being sent to it. A request has been put in to the owner of the shared server, and we should have a window of time where we can upload the gif in its entirety. I'll update you when it opens up. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 01:58, 21 August 2013 (UTC)
::::: Lemme guess, something like upload_max_filesize in php.ini, which places a limit in addition to one set by the MediaWiki settings, 2 MB default on my current system? Or maybe even post_max_size? I think I've bumped into that somewhere before, now that I think about it. I remember having to edit one of those at some point.—[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 02:31, 21 August 2013 (UTC)

User talk:KarMann

2013-08-21T00:54:32Z

KarMann: /* Time-animated */

User talk:KarMann

2013-08-20T20:04:28Z

KarMann: /* Time-animated */

User talk:Davidy22

2013-08-20T20:03:49Z

KarMann: /* Time animation—a little help maybe? */ new section

Hi Davidy22,

Just a quick thanks for helping roll back so much of the vandalism. Per your recent log comment, yes, there has been a recent spate of vandalism; before yesterday, it was the odd spammer that I've had to remove. But with the advent of ''Click and Drag'', there's also been an insurgence of ip-based vandalism. I'm hoping this is just a spike owing to the popularity of the comic, but I'm with you; if it doesn't die down, something more drastic is going to have to be done.

But again, thanks for helping...

-- [[User:IronyChef|IronyChef]] ([[User talk:IronyChef|talk]]) 14:17, 21 September 2012 (UTC)

== Please don't ==

Please don't create the redirects to explanations that haven't been created yet. It breaks the next and previous buttons, and gives people that are browsing through the explanations the false impression that the site is more complete than it is. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]] ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 06:41, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

:Ah, I'll stop then. Didn't know that. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]] ([[User talk:Davidy22|talk]]) 07:17, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

==Davidy22, the spam connoisseur==
Congratulations on transcending from being annoyed at all spam to recognizing the truly beautiful works of spammage from the rest of the cruddy heap. We should throw a party, lol. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]] ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 16:33, 1 November 2012 (UTC)
:Hey, it *was* a well written bit of spam. It was one of those copy/paste types of spam, except it was nicely formatted and coherent all the way through. It was informative too. A great change from the mindless template drivel or gibberish that we usually get. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>(talk)</tt>]] 23:11, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

== Just asking ==
Was there a reason you deleted most of the List of all comics? [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]] ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 05:21, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

:What on- shi-
:I was adding comic number 1132, and the preview was really slow, so I copied everything in the edit box and refreshed the page. I think half of the page hadn't finished loading in the edit box, and I only copied the first half. Derp [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>(talk)</tt>]] 08:21, 11 November 2012 (UTC)

::I figured it was something like that. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]] ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 04:56, 12 November 2012 (UTC)

Just so you know, it happened again. But SlashMe fixed it. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 18:07, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

:Mother of fracking- I'm going to figure out what's causing this and I'm going to fix this. Godammit. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>(talk)</tt>]] 23:20, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

:Durr dee-durr, and now I've done it. Thanks for spotting that. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 07:22, 1 December 2012 (UTC)

== Ahem... You gonna finish that? ==

Have you taken a look at the front page recently (say within since you created the [[1134]] redirect)? [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 05:42, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
:I have it open right now. Please don't ninja me again. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>(talk)</tt>]] 05:44, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

::<nowiki>*Sits tight and twiddles thumbs*</nowiki> Actually, if you've got this I'll go back to the pitiful bit of literature I'm calling this year's NaNo. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 05:53, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

== The Anonymous editor of 1132 ==

Has been 50.0.38.245 all along. For a while he changed his signature to be a userpage that didn't exist, and wasn't a registered user. He has now changed it back to being the IP address again. Just thought I should do some out-of-band communication about that. If you want to change your last comment about the anonymous user, that would be good. (I almost offered to edit it for you, but then realized the subject we're talking about, and decided that if 50.0 ever learns about looking at the edit history and diffs, I don't need to be called a hypocrite as well as a banhammer wielding {{w|BOFH}}) [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 03:35, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

== Broken mirror... ==

Sorry for the "ninja"... I guess we probably don't need 2 versions of the image though... Feel free to distill the explain part...--[[User:Bpothier|B. P.]] ([[User talk:Bpothier|talk]]) 07:15, 19 November 2012 (UTC)
:Godammit, I even had the window open waiting for the article. The definitions can be merged into one paragraph, and wiki magic will explain how the comic works. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>(talk)</tt>]] 07:20, 19 November 2012 (UTC)

== Fooooooooor He's a Jolly Good Fellow... ==

You are the man, man. Keep it up! [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 06:50, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

:Seconded. Great work, you deserved the milestone! --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 12:26, 21 November 2012 (UTC)

== Please take a look ==

...at [[User talk:Lcarsos#Deletion|this]]. Nothing new to you, I suppose (spam fighting can be quite hard if we're overly cautious on every step), but I'm dropping the note just in case :) --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:52, 25 November 2012‎ (UTC)

== autoblocking suspicious users ==

Once again, it looks like auto-blocking users that have suspicious usernames would require someone with more power than we have.

However, I very nearly blocked those three when I noticed the account creation. But, I didn't because I thought they might be legitimate users with stupid usernames. But now I've read up on {{w|Wikipedia:New_admin_school/Blocking|Wikipedia's block policy}} and from now on I'll be posting {{tl|uw-blockindef}} (which I've bungled fantastically right now, but shortly should be working) which should allow the rare legitimate user (with bad taste in usernames) to reclaim their good account, but allow us to block bad people.

You're ever friendly, massive toddler of an admin, [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 03:41, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

:I've also just found this page {{w|Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide}} which I will be reading very thoroughly and beginning to use this blacklist. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 04:16, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

::Hum. A great many of these templates could be condensed into a few bigger ones, but at least the documentation links are there for us to use. Also, you do know that Template:UserBox already exists, right? [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 04:55, 4 December 2012 (UTC)
:::Well, crud. You switched, I switched. I do like the one we had better, mostly because of the descriptive labels and the nice thick borders. The name's in convenient CamelCase too. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 05:18, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

::::As a general rule I loathe my shift key, using more keys to achieve the same goal is wasted time, and I could be called ruthless about wasted time. Saving a single keypress seems petty. But I had a CS professor point out that by specially crafting what you have to type (creating shortcuts) saving a keypress here and there can add up to saving several thousand keypresses every 8 hours, which over a long enough quantity of time can equal hours and days. That's my long winded explanation for why I like using {{tl|userbox}} instead of {{tl|UserBox}}.

::::Also, I like the wikipedia userboxen, it's more flexible. And that allows anyone who comes over from Wikipedia to know how to work userboxen here too. That's my case for it. I hope you agree because I don't want to have to push my shift key, but I'll take your input, and if we end up in a tie, we might ask Waldir to tie break for us, as he'd be a neutral third party. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 06:44, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

:::::In CS, I learned that descriptive variable names and easy to recognize naming conventions can save heaps of debugging time. I personally like the CamelCase version better because it uses variable names like left-bg instead of id-c for the background color in the box on the left, which makes the template self-documenting and easier to grok for a new user who's just reading the source. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 07:58, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

:::::: I was asked to comment. Here are my thoughts:
::::::* Regarding CamelCase, it is indeed a neat convention but we don't use it elsewhere on the wiki. In fact, MediaWiki itself, in its early versions, used to rely on CamelCase for linking, but moved to the free-form, space enabled link syntax, which is better in many cases. Not everything converts nicely into CamelCase. So while I appreciate the argument to use CamelCase as the template name, I think the regular case version fits the wiki better. Besides, redirects are cheap and work well, so if the CamelCase title redirects to the lowercase one, whoever wants to use the CamelCase version can still do so seamlessly. Not an issue, therefore.
::::::* I agree with Davidy22 on the parameter names. In fact, the code of the template can be arranged in a more readable form (using whitespace and indentation) so not only its uses can be deciphered, but the template itself too. Renaming parameters is a simple matter, especially for templates with not many uses as these are, which means there isn't a lot of replacements to perform.
:::::: In summary, I think the two templates should definitely be merged and the best features of each kept in the final version: the title being [[Template:userbox]] (with redirects from [[Template:UserBox]] and [[Template:Userbox]]), and the parameters using intuitive names as {{tl|UserBox}}.
:::::: --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 17:06, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

::::::: Sounds good to me. The wikicode looks god-awful ugly though, who's up for cleaning that thing up? [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 00:03, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

:::::::: If you guys do the merge, I can clean it up afterwards :) --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 01:14, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

== separate section for title text ==

I agree that in the two instances you removed the section header for the title text, it wasn't justified, but in some cases it does make sense. See [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Proposals#Subsection for title text explanation|here]]. Cheers, [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 15:27, 5 December 2012 (UTC)

== No more imagesize ==

I made a comment on [[Template Talk: comic#Imagesize]], essentially imagesize isn't necessary, and I've changed the {{tl|create}} template to not include it. So rejoice, and forget imagesize ever existed (until the bug gets fixed). [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 03:02, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
: Bah, what was that parameter good for anyways? Clicking on the image should take you to the XKCD site anyways. What user cares about the image pages that the template currently takes you to? [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 06:20, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
:: That's an interesting point. It's technically doable. But I think there should be a way to access the comic images (granted, I'm not sure why exactly, but I'm not comfortable leaving them "orphans" —linkless— either) --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 12:08, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::: There's the list of all comics page, and we could make the titletext link to the image page or something. I dunno, any excuse to kill imagesize. [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 12:16, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
:::: To clarify, linking the image directly to xkcd has nothing to do with killing imagesize. That, for what I understand, has already been done. Good point about the list of comics page. I'll wait for more comments before implementing the change in the image link target. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 12:35, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
::::: Imagesize isn't *quite* dead yet. There's still four or five comics that still use it. Permission to upload the thumbnail versions of those comics, as we do with the other large comics, and end that broken thing once and for all? [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]][[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 13:05, 6 December 2012 (UTC)
:::::: I don't like the idea of uploading smaller versions of images. We ought to be able to use mediawiki's own image scaling abilities as soon as we can do some [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Technical#We need more maintainers|testing in the wiki setup]] and make the image scaling issue go away. Apart from that, what exactly are the problems of imagesize, again? I haven't followed the discussions about it, sorry. Feel free to give me pointers to the appropriate places where the issues have been discussed. --[[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 13:17, 6 December 2012 (UTC)

== Please move pages ==

I'm noticing that when someone creates a new page with the wrong title you're just copy/pasting the content onto the new page. Please don't do that. Please use the move page feature on the drop down of the page, that way we can keep the edit history for the page intact, and that way it doesn't look like you created these oddly poor quality pages. Thanks much. [[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 00:49, 6 January 2013 (UTC)
:Righty ho. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:09, 6 January 2013 (UTC)

== Sorry ==

I have been working contra u by routinely adding a white line above the categories. I instantly raise white flag! And say good night! -- [[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 00:40, 7 January 2013 (UTC)

== Trivia placement ==

Cheers mate! Please check the comment I made some time ago in the section you started, [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Proposals#Section style and usage|"Section style and usage"]] on the Proposals community page. –[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 23:10, 27 January 2013 (UTC)

If you disagree with the trivia placement between explanation and transcript, why don't you say so, and explain why? –[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 14:50, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

I made a section for discussion of this, so that we can come to some agreement: [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Proposals#Trivia and transcript]]. –[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 15:18, 6 March 2013 (UTC)
:Moved to [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Coordination#Trivia and transcript placement]] –[[User:St.nerol|St.nerol]] ([[User talk:St.nerol|talk]]) 23:05, 6 March 2013 (UTC)

== Jurassic Park category ==
Hi, you wrote you don't like how I created a new category for Jurassic Park. I thought it appropriate: there's a *lot* of references to Jurassic Park and/or velociraptors in the comics. And not all reference are to both... But what did you not like? Thanks for enlightening me! [[User:Kaa-ching|Kaa-ching]] ([[User talk:Kaa-ching|talk]]) 09:07, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

:There's a lot of categories on this wiki. When adding categories to a page, it can get extremely difficult to make sure that you've gotten every category that applies to the comic. For regular editors, the amount that we have to remember when maintaining pages is already quite onerous; more categories hurt our dinky heads. If you're willing to steward that category, go ahead, but you'll have to remember to put in the explanation pages yourself when you find a comic that it applies to. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 09:36, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

:: OK. [[User:Kaa-ching|Kaa-ching]] ([[User talk:Kaa-ching|talk]]) 08:26, 1 February 2013 (UTC)

==[[220: Philosophy]]==

Actually, what happened was: This being my first new page edit, I copy-pasted the format from another page, and then edited all the information to fit the correct comic. Then I realized I'd forgotten to remove the date of the original page's comic, so I did so. *blushes* No trolling intended, just a newbie mistake. Is 2/7/07 the correct date for this comic? [[User:Ekedolphin|Ekedolphin]] ([[User talk:Ekedolphin|talk]]) 11:23, 28 January 2013 (UTC)
:Oooh. I thought you had gotten the date then removed it after seeing earlier rants concerning omitted dates. You can check a comic's date by clicking on the "All Comics" button in the sidebar on the left. All dates are in YYYY-MM-DD format. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 11:37, 28 January 2013 (UTC)
::Yep. I see that now, and now that I know it's there, I create new pages straight from [[List of all comics]]. No offense taken. Thanks for the useful advice! [[User:Ekedolphin|Ekedolphin]] ([[User talk:Ekedolphin|talk]]) 05:52, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

== Character names in transcripts ==

Ah, I see now that you've been cleaning up after me, adding character names to transcripts instead of "Man", "Woman", et cetera. Now realizing that's the wiki's standard, I'll endeavor to do that myself from now on. Thanks for your patience with the new guy. [[User:Ekedolphin|Ekedolphin]] ([[User talk:Ekedolphin|talk]]) 07:40, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

:It's k, just doing maintenance. You're really prolific, do you write all of those yourself or are you getting those explanations off the forums somehow? '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 10:38, 29 January 2013 (UTC)

::I write them all myself. It's been some time since I've looked at the xkcd forums, actually. Sometimes I get a little help from Wikipedia when a particular detail escapes me. But you'll notice I don't make an attempt to explain the math ones. *laughs* [[User:Ekedolphin|Ekedolphin]] ([[User talk:Ekedolphin|talk]]) 02:16, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

== My unexplained hobbies. ==

I just want to make sure that you are getting this, but I restored "My Unexplained Hobbies." You can now explain them. [[User:Greyson|Greyson]] ([[User talk:Greyson|talk]]) 14:47, 11 February 2013 (UTC)
:Shweet. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 00:44, 12 February 2013 (UTC)

I suck at wiki stuff but am a real human - sorry for the confusion. {{unsigned|‎Schmammel}}
:No matter. Also, see the blue box above the talk page edit box for instruction on how to sign your posts. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 04:55, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

== About your new admin powers ==

Actually just the rollback hammer. I've learned this after being burned a few times.

Rollback will actually not revert just the one edit you are looking at, but will go back until it hits a revision that wasn't done by that user, so its useful for pure spam accounts, but if you're just undoing a single edit, you may still want to use the undo tool.

Also, once or twice I actually had it revert all the way back to the last patrolled edit, which meant it actually got rid of the edits of a few anonymous editors too.

Just a caution that with great power comes great responsibility.

--[[User:Lcarsos|lcarsos]]_a ([[User talk:Lcarsos|talk]]) 04:11, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

:Oh damn, did I do that? Welp. '''[[User:Davidy22|Davidy²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 04:28, 22 February 2013 (UTC)

== Removed Level 2 headings from Discussion page ==

Hi, I noticed you removed the level 2 headings in the discussion of comic 1188. I'm guessing it's the application of some formatting rule established on this wiki, so I'm curious where I can find a list of these standards that I should adhere to, so I don't make such a mistake again in the future. [[User:Jfresen|Jfresen]] ([[User talk:Jfresen|talk]]) 15:10, 20 March 2013 (UTC)

:It's not really a formatting convention, more of a workaround to technical limitations of the wiki. The way discussion pages are embedded into comic pages, headings in talk pages cause breakages when tables of contents are spawned. It's ugly and bad and it's the reason why we delete discussion page headers. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|purple|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 15:33, 20 March 2013 (UTC)

== Captcha help ==

:''This thread was moved to [[explain xkcd:Community portal/Admin requests#Captcha help]].''

== RE: Signature ==

Sweet, thanks David. {{User:Omega/sig}} 14:51, 28 March 2013 (UTC)

== Time is hard... ==

... and not only that, she also is, just like her sister Gravity, a heartless b**** :D
Thanks for taking care! :) [[User:Caranhyas|Caranhyas]] ([[User talk:Caranhyas|talk]]) 09:41, 4 April 2013 (UTC)

== Feedback ==

Hey David. It's nice that you're so responsive to requests such as those at [[Mediawiki talk:Sitenotice]] (or [[explain_xkcd:Community portal/Admin requests#Captcha help|this one]]), but please take also a moment to report the request as completed, as that not only provides feedback to the requester, but is also a reference for the future (which removes the need to dig through the relevant page's history if, for example, one decides to check whether a request ever got implemented), and exemplifies desired behavior for future administrators. Cheers, [[User:Waldir|Waldir]] ([[User talk:Waldir|talk]]) 21:53, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
:Alright. Was just trying to get through everything quickly, and forgot to reply to those requests. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 23:55, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

== 262 correction: Thanks! ==

Hi there!

Unfortunately, I was not aware that I had incorrectly created the page for xkcd 262. Thanks for fixing that. My only question is whether the page "262" should be redirected to xkcd 262 rather than just showing the deletion template.

Thanks,

[[User:Milar Kayne|Milar Kayne]] ([[User talk:Milar Kayne|talk]]) 07:02, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

:The page "262" and all other pages consisting of only numbers are used internally to handle page linking. You don't really need to worry about them, you just need to know that making explanation pages in those numbered pages is baaad and that the create templates in the [[List of all comics]] will set up everything relevant for you. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 08:14, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

::So all of the xkcd comic pages theoretically "exist" on the site, but not all have connected pages? Also, how do I create a new page from the "All comics" page? Thanks for being so patient--I really want to be able to contribute meaningfully here. [[User:Milar Kayne|Milar Kayne]] ([[User talk:Milar Kayne|talk]]) 20:27, 7 April 2013 (UTC)
::No, we just link to the xckd comic pages. The numbered pages handle links between explanation pages. On the "List of all comics" page, there are (create) buttons next to all the red links; click those to start explaining those comics. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 00:12, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

:::OK thanks for explaining! I'll try to do better next time :). [[User:Milar Kayne|Milar Kayne]] ([[User talk:Milar Kayne|talk]]) 01:36, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

== List of unexplained comics ==

Thanks for the vote of confidence - hoping it'll encourage more contributors! [[User:Sean|Sean]] ([[User talk:Sean|talk]]) 21:50, 22 April 2013 (UTC)

== New sections in comic talk pages ==

Re [http://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:277:_Long_Light&curid=8457&diff=35146&oldid=35143 this correction] (especially your edit summary!): while there is the "Add topic" tab at the top of talk pages, you'll get new sections added to comic talk pages too.

Perhaps reducing them to ; headings is a better alternative that still marks a new topic.

;Just testing that I have the right formatting character
Yes.

Of course this won't fix the automatically supplied heading from the "Add topic" tab, but then we do still want that functionality in other talk pages, like here...
[[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 03:25, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

:Ooh, the semicolon does that? You learn something new every day. Noted. There might be a way to change those controls at the top, I'll look into that. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 03:50, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

== Time frames 1008-1014 have an artefact in your upload ==

In your uploads "under the ground" between frames 1008 and 1014 there is a grey horizontal line with unmoving "ticks" while the terrain does change above. This is not reflected in the live hash for the only hash in this range recorded so far. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 10:55, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
:Hrm, I've just been pulling the images from the xkcd site and uploading them straight. Imma check on this. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 11:29, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
::Yeah, it's not just you, the [http://geekwagon.net/projects/xkcd1190/?frame=1014&framediff=1007 geekwagon.net/projects/xkcd1190] has it too. Randall must have had a snafu that he's fixed. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 12:47, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

== Time1190 - but sometimes I also have NO time ==

I did register in here mainly for 1190, I am sure you did see this.
This weekend I will work on a script giving me an easy update for the next day template, for now I am doing manual.

THANKS for your great job on all the other comics!

I just do need more TIME...

And I am not native English, so I am still happy about everyone correcting me.

Archive discussion I did start here [[Talk:1190:_Time]]

--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:29, 10 May 2013 (UTC)
:I actually already have a script to do that. I thought you had made one of your own though when you were filling in for new days, so I was just letting you go ahead with that. Here's my script: [http://pastebin.com/RQGGia3L]. Change the variables at the top of the script, run it and copy/paste the output into the page for time. The fields should be self-evident, but ask me if you have any questions. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 00:38, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

:: Oh, PYTHON - I prefer Perl or just a simple bash script.
:: So I will ask Randall for a translator for Python to Perl ;)
:: And tomorrow I hopefully will have some more time, your script is helpful.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:53, 11 May 2013 (UTC)
:::Just for fun I did the script in PERL. Here is the link: [http://pastebin.com/PG5j56Nv template]--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 19:29, 12 May 2013 (UTC)

== And sometimes I do have time ==
Just tell me what I did do wrong (I will follow you...). I am still new to WIKI syntax, it is still new to me. But I am learning as you can see.
And after all that I will write a Perl Script with a missing close paren...

I like jokes but I also like a clean Wiki here!

--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:38, 23 May 2013 (UTC)
:Uh, the explanation for that page is a wee bit thin for the size and complexity of the comic, and it uses terms like the hibbert curve without defining them. It's not enough of an explanation to cover the whole comic. Also, there were a few missing categories and a bunch of trailing spaces in the transcript. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 23:46, 23 May 2013 (UTC)
::"a wee bit thin for the size and complexity of the comic" so sure this is still incomplete (I just did forget to add that template). Oh, and we have so many more complex comics with a need for more explanations. And while I am still not native English, which does mean I have to goooogle fore many memes, I am hoping I can support this wiki. I just try to do my best - any help on me is welcome! --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 00:12, 24 May 2013 (UTC)
:::And I'm pretty sure they're all tagged as incomplete too, so all is well. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:17, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

== User talk page deleted? ==

Hey there, apparently my talk page was deleted because the only content on it was "buttsex", which is fine, but I just thought I should let you know that I did not add that ;). Can I restore my talk page blank? --[[User:Mynotoar|Mynotoar]] ([[User talk:Mynotoar|talk]]) 11:39, 25 May 2013 (UTC)
:Yeah, sure, I saw the edit log when I deleted it. Do whatever you want with your user page. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 11:50, 25 May 2013 (UTC)

== Incomplete explanations ==
Hello [[User:Davidy22|Davidy22]], I will stop creating incomplete new pages even when I think it's good idea to have a page for each comic here and work afterwards on all those incomplete ones. The pages [[Help:How_to_add_a_new_comic_explanation]] and [[List_of_unexplained_comics]] should clarify this issue. Furthermore there are many more incomplete comics here not marked as incomplete so you can't find them here: [[:Category:Incomplete articles|Incomplete explanations]]. I am trying to give my best to support this wiki--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 17:44, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

:One add: I am not a youngster, my first computer was a C64 and the next one was a IBM compatible PC 286 (512 KByte main memory, 20 MByte hard drive). And right now I'm just trying to encourage other people to help here. But I don't want to fight against windmills.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:24, 3 June 2013 (UTC)
::I wasn't making any implication as to your age. It is actually harder to track incomplete articles than nonexistent ones - the wiki has no way of automagically detecting them the way it automatically provides red links for missing explanations. We have the incomplete tag, but people delete it from pages that still haven't quite been explained completely, and I sometimes forget to tag a new incomplete explanation as incomplete. Also, the fact that some incomplete articles exist that are not tagged as incomplete does not justify the creation of more stubs; if you find an unsatisfactory explanation, mark it as incomplete yourself. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 23:15, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

== Various requests ==
Could you delete the spam page [[User:Inkovic]] and block the user who created it? And delete [[Talk:283: Projection]] as well, since it was apparently created by mistake?

Also, [[1225: Ice Sheets]] is still missing a transcript. Could you help add it? And [[266: Choices: Part 3]] and [[267: Choices: Part 4]] lack explanations, but have been removed from the [[List of unexplained comics]]. Should we re-add them to that page, or create some basic explanations for them? --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 20:19, 19 June 2013 (UTC)

:Incomplete articles are marked as incomplete, we'll deal with all the unsatisfactory articles on this wiki after we have a page for every comic. Still not an excuse to make more stubs, mind you. Did all the rest though. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 22:08, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

Please block spammer 70.50.106.152, he did kill 1190 Time.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 08:53, 18 June 2013 (UTC)
:Looks like a mistake. Not ban-worthy. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 10:24, 18 June 2013 (UTC)
::This was the only edit he/she ever did. I am hoping this will not happen again, that big page was really hard to load.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 10:32, 18 June 2013 (UTC)

The main page needs to be edited, as the recent deletion of the [[List of unexplained comics]] was recently deleted, making the wiki comic count one less than the actual number. Also, could you delete [[Talk:List of unexplained comics]] and [[:File:a matter of some gravity.jpg]]? The former is an orphaned talk page, and the latter was superseded by [[:File:A Matter of Some Gravity.png]]. --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 20:19, 19 June 2013 (UTC)
:Done. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:08, 20 June 2013 (UTC)

I created an explanation for 1228 (Prometheus). What I wrote didn't appear for a few minutes and then when I tried to check why, I found you'd deleted a page, but the text I wrote then appeared where I was expecting it. Your comment on the deletion referred to "a thing on the front page" I should have read. I looked for this "thing", but I've still no idea what I did wrong, or what happened with all the page creation / deletion jiggery pokery. I created the explanation after clicking a box which told me to do so if I wanted to provide / improve the explanation. I apologise for my mistake, but perhaps it would be better not to put boxes on the main page which invite edits if those edits end up in the wrong place? [[Special:Contributions/87.115.172.168|87.115.172.168]] 08:55, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
:I manually create the comic page and set it to show up on the front page usually within an hour of every new xkcd comic. The explanation pages for every comic follow a naming convention, with the comic number followed by the comic name. We also make a few redirects for the wiki to use to make the back/forwards buttons work. In addition to that, every explanation page has a template; note how every other page on this site has a particular look to it. The page that you created didn't follow any of that, so I deleted it and copy/pasted it to the correct location. The thing on the front page that I was referring to was the correct explanation page location that I had created 21 minutes earlier. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 09:06, 21 June 2013 (UTC)
::Thanks for the explanation - quite a manual process! I didn't realise I was creating a page - it looked to me like the page had already been created (which it had, it seems) and I would just be editing the empty section for the explanation. Now I realise that the "please edit" box should have shown up in the editor, perhaps alarm bells should have wrung. Nevertheless, I'm still wondering if it would be better, if possible, to somehow remove or modify the "please edit" box when it appears on the main page so it doesn't create an incorrect new page when one already exists! [[Special:Contributions/87.115.172.168|87.115.172.168]] 09:29, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

Thank You,

[[User:Hopiakuta|hopiakuta DonFphrnqTaub Persina hopiakuta]] ([[User talk:Hopiakuta|talk]]) 09:03, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

There are a couple of xkcd comics that link to an extra image on the site when they are clicked. On this wiki, most of the time, the explanations just contain a direct link to this image. However, sometimes, users upload the secondary images and link to those. This is rather inefficient, especially since some images are too large to be displayed directly after they are clicked on the wiki. So, I was wondering if you could delete the few secondary images from the wiki. They are: [[:File:lakes and oceans large.png]], [[:File:na make it better.png]], [[:File:subways large.png]], and [[:File:lojban translated.png]].

In addition, I suggest that some [[Special:UnusedFiles|unused files]] also be nuked. [[:File:combination vision test fullcolor.jpg]] was superseded by [[:File:combination vision test fullcolor.png]]. [[:File:22 pieces.png]] was uploaded by a user who apparently just wanted to show off his Tetris skills. [[:File:2008 christmas special original.png]] is an xkcd comic before it was updated, which I doubt is necessary to include on the wiki. [[:File:starsmove.png]] doesn't seem to serve any useful purpose. --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 23:50, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

Na make it better and the translated lojban do add to the comic. The two larger versions of comic images and the junk files have been deleted. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 01:12, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

I think you might have forgotten to delete [[:File:22 pieces.png]]. And [[404: 404 Error]] was created by mistake and also needs to go.

Also, could some admin tackle the issue that involves thumbnails not displaying properly? Dgbrt suggested [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Errors_and_symptoms#Image_Thumbnails_not_working_and.2For_appearing this fix]. Perhaps it could be tried? --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 16:00, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

:The 404 page needs to exist for the previous/next comic buttons to work properly. It also explains why comic 404 is missing, which may be confusing to some xkcd readers. Mostly the forward/backwards buttons though. The scrap image is gone, and I'm looking into the proposed fix. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 12:21, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
::Nope. The page [[404: 404 Error]] is a duplicate to [[404: Not Found ]]. I just did a redirect there because I can't delete it.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 17:58, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
:::Whoop, deleted. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 23:08, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
::::Thanks, but there is still the discussion page. I did the same redirect there.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:26, 21 July 2013 (UTC)

== Spam at 1190 Time ==

Hi, IP 68.100.149.94 is still doing annoying edits here. I do not like that.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 18:38, 22 June 2013 (UTC)

== Su Doku ==
Hi Davidy22, I'm trying to enhance explains. People do read and understand shorter explains more easy, but the link to the details must be always included. I just did add the incomplete tag because my edit is maybe not complete. Everyone is welcome to help. But please keep short as possible, otherwise people won't read.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 13:19, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
:That explanation is hardly too long. Our explanations should be self-sufficient, with the links there just to provide further context on things that we talk about in the explanations. A description of the format of sudoku is an important part of the explanation for comic 74, as the comic deviates from it in a notable way that not all visitors may recognize, be it because they haven't heard of sudoku before or because they aren't particularly familiar with the puzzles. There's a wee difference between cutting information and condensing the wording of a passage, and what you did with that explanation leads further towards cutting content. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 13:45, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
::I prefer explains people will read. The wiki link for Su Doku is already there but I will work on a small explain soon.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 15:07, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
:::What, three full paragraphs is too much for people to read? Three full paragraphs of a complete explanation are better than a paragraph and two sentences of incomplete description? I'd rather we follow the name of the wiki and actually explain the comics. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 15:41, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
::::Read my version completely, I did adopt your hints on explain Su Doku and did some more polish. PLEASE just read before you undo! Tell me what's missing but I still prefer a more simple explain. --[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 16:10, 2 July 2013 (UTC)
:::::You made a complete explanation incomplete in the name of simplicity. At least you bothered re-adding the relevant information back in post-hoc this time. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:03, 3 July 2013 (UTC)

== 1190 Time pictures after major changes ==

Hi,
any ideas to get new file uploads here? After your change we have some silence...--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 00:55, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
:Geekwagon, Aubronwood and many other sites keep archives of past frame hashes. We can look up our last hash and upload all proceeding images here. I did that for the first 500-odd frames, until people started doing it faster than me. I'll probably start again since other editors seem to be on holiday. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:43, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
::You did upload all the images manual, is this the new way to do this? I thought your scripts don't like file names like 1234a, 1234b..., so do you not use a bot to upload the images? Further more: Since hashes from other sites do not map to the new naming here I think we have to document them here. But it seems I'm just running against windmills.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 19:01, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
:::Post-hoc scripts; instead of an image archive littered with special cases, scripts need only iterate in numerical order. It's slightly more difficult to upload, but it's a consistent naming scheme for future use. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:03, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

== 1190 Time pictures - Do you use a bot or not... ==

...it seems not - why?
Lazy as I am! You're not like this.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 21:27, 12 July 2013 (UTC)
:I have a script to help with backlog uploads, but then I also manually upload new images while I'm awake and am near my computer. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 05:14, 13 July 2013 (UTC)
::What do you think about a bot? My computer is downloading the images by 24/7 so an upload here should be possible. But first I will start some tests at my local MediaWiki installation.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 12:56, 13 July 2013 (UTC)
:::A bot would be nice. Slashme's Slashbot actually did time image uploads, but he stopped cuz electricity bills or something. We could ask him if he's willing to share. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 13:31, 13 July 2013 (UTC)
::::I am thinking about a bot like ''DgbrtBot''. I never have done this before (WikiBot) but I know the fucking manuals and while Randall does not like Perl I will use this language ;). Tomorrow I will start some tests at my local MediaWiki and then I will need an account for a bot.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 14:53, 13 July 2013 (UTC)

== Outage from Friday to Saturday ==

Did you recognize this, every error was just a "access denied for user ... on database ...". This board was dead for 24 hours.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 23:32, 21 July 2013 (UTC)
:Yep, purged cache to fix it. Not currently in a place with perfect access to internet though, so I'm not quite as fast with that as I usually am. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 01:33, 23 July 2013 (UTC)
::The same happened yesterday. Do you have chronic disk space/quota shortage? --[[User:Chtz|Chtz]] ([[User talk:Chtz|talk]]) 13:13, 25 July 2013 (UTC)
:::Yep. We added a donate button and the sidebar ads when these issues started happening - a few days after time - to buy better hardware. Money comes slow. We could probably stand to upgrade mediawiki and PHP too sometime. Sometime. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 13:43, 25 July 2013 (UTC)

== User RouterIncident and a bunch of templates ==

Hi, I'm hoping you have had nice holidays. We all do need recovery. But it's bad when no active admin is available here.

Please delete that citation template, or just enter a link to [[285: Wikipedian Protester]]. Please delete also this categories: "All articles lacking reliable references" and "Articles lacking reliable references". We still have the incomplete category, that should be enough.

BTW: RouterIncident is maybe also on holiday, no action the last days.
--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 17:04, 28 July 2013 (UTC)

:I could not find these categories you speak of in the page creation log, but citation needed is gone now. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 08:01, 29 July 2013 (UTC)

== Please move some pages and edit the "List of all comics" ==

I can't move pages here, but this should work:

<nowiki>{{comicsrow|1245|2013-07-31|10 Day Forecast}}</nowiki>
*the correct page must be: "1245: 10 Day Forecast"
*the ''title'' must be: "10 Day Forecast"

So I did not save this update because it would result into corrupt links:

<nowiki>xkcd.com/1245 | 10 Day Forecast (create) | number / title / talk | 10_day_forecast.png | 2013-07-31</nowiki>

Please help, or give me the power to do this on my own.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 20:03, 1 August 2013 (UTC)
:Ooor instead of deviating from the title on xkcd, we could use an excellent feature to the comicsrow template put in by Waldir. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 21:20, 1 August 2013 (UTC)
::Uh, I didn't know this feature.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 08:03, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

== Template:Verification needed ==
This template is unnecessary, please delete it.--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 08:03, 2 August 2013 (UTC)
:Please also delete the templates behind this non existing categories:
:*Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates‏‎ (2 members)
:*Wikipedia protected templates‏‎ (2 members)
:--[[User:Dgbrt|Dgbrt]] ([[User talk:Dgbrt|talk]]) 08:07, 2 August 2013 (UTC)
::Holy dependency hell. Purged the lot. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 12:42, 2 August 2013 (UTC)

Can you nuke [[Talk:404: 404 Error]]? You forgot to delete it when you got rid of [[404: 404 Error]].

Also, any update on the thumbnail issue? They are still not displaying correctly See [[Special:UnusedFiles|unused files]]. --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 22:03, 9 August 2013 (UTC)
:Deleted. Thumbnails are a bit trickier, seeing as Jeff is the only one who has direct access to the server. Still plugging. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 02:08, 10 August 2013 (UTC)

For some reason, the wiki places the [[Main Page]] in the same categories as the current comic. This should be fixed, as the only category it should belong to is the [[:Category:Root category|root category]]. --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 16:30, 17 August 2013 (UTC)
:FYI I have answered [[User:Oneforfortytwo]] on [[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|his talk page]]. [[User:Markhurd|Mark Hurd]] ([[User talk:Markhurd|talk]]) 19:01, 17 August 2013 (UTC)

One more thing: Can you edit [[1190: Time]] and remove all links to images after 2973:00? Seeing as there will not be any more of them uploaded, and some of them are showing up on the [[Special:WantedFiles|wanted files page]]. Also, can you restore the deleted image [[File:starsmove.png]]? Originally, I thought there was nowhere to put it, but I realized that I can link to it at [[1190: Time: Pictures]]. --[[User:Oneforfortytwo|Oneforfortytwo]] ([[User talk:Oneforfortytwo|talk]]) 06:04, 20 August 2013 (UTC)
:Done. '''[[User:Davidy22|{{Color|#707|David}}y²²]]'''[[User talk:Davidy22|<tt>[talk]</tt>]] 06:51, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

== Time animation—a little help maybe? ==

About the animated Time GIF, I actually prepared one right away at the end, but I haven't been able to get it to upload here, even though it's rather less than the stated size limit, 12 MB out of I think 40 MB. If anyone can suggest what might be going on, I'll be happy to try it out. I did ask in the XKCD forum, but didn't get any help there. Just in case it was a temporary thing, I'll go give it a shot here again after I post this. Wouldn't want to save face or anything if it actually works all of a sudden, after all.—[[User:KarMann|KarMann]] ([[User talk:KarMann|talk]]) 20:03, 20 August 2013 (UTC)