explain xkcd - User contributions [en]

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T06:15:48Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290382 by 108.162.221.79 (talk)

┌<span style="display:inline-block; overflow:hidden; width:{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#switch:{{{1|}}}
|:=0.8
|::=2.4
|:::=4.0
|::::=5.6
|:::::=7.2
|::::::=9
|:::::::=10.6
|::::::::=12
|:::::::::=13.6
|::::::::::=15.2
|:::::::::::=16.8
|::::::::::::=18.4
|:::::::::::::=20
|::::::::::::::=21.6
|:::::::::::::::=23.2
|::::::::::::::::=24.8
|:::::::::::::::::=26.4
|::::::::::::::::::=28
|:::::::::::::::::::=29.6
|::::::::::::::::::::=31.2
|#default={{#expr:{{{1|10}}}*1.6-0.8}}}}em;">────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘{{{{{|safesubst:}}}#if:{{{2|}}}|([[Wikipedia:Indentation#Outdenting|outdent]]) }}nigger<noinclude>
Outdents comments. For details, see [[wikipedia:Template:Outdent]].
</noinclude>

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T06:11:33Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

I don't recommend trying to make your voice squeeky by breathing He-2. [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 19:57, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
: But breathing a helium-rich mixture in general... so long as it still has sufficient oxygen in it ...I would speak highly of it! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.221|162.158.34.221]] 20:27, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Please link comic 2007. I tried to do so myself but the edit errored.[[Special:Contributions/172.70.86.34|172.70.86.34]] 22:17, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

The vandals are going rather hard today. Can we get the first few semi-protected or something please? [[User:SqueakSquawk4|SqueakSquawk4]] ([[User talk:SqueakSquawk4|talk]]) 22:24, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
:I think I've fixed it. At least, it was fixed when I left this comment. I also don't do much wiki editing on anything, so I hope I actually fixed it and didn't break anything in the process. EDIT: Not sure if editing comments is appropriate, but it's just before 7AM UTC and it seems the vandalism has stopped. I think I had to fix it twice after I originally left this comment [[User:NErDysprosium|NErDysprosium]] ([[User talk:NErDysprosium|talk]]) 06:37, 23 July 2022 (UTC)
::They're back. Semi-protecting may work (though at a cost in useful edits); if any of the major contributors to this site know tricks to track down the physical location of an editing IP, that might open up other approaches. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.230.3|172.70.230.3]] 03:33, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:::They're going after templates and similar infrastructure pages. Banning the little klanshit's username would be a good-ACK!
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠤⠤⢄⡠⣴⣲⣟⡻⠟⣿⣷⣶⣶⣯⢉⣉⠉⠓⠲⠤⠤⡤⠤⠤⠤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡿⠓⠲⢄⡀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢁⡤⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢹⡁⠈⢙⣺⣿⡿⠿⣶⣤⣴⡖⢷⣖⠳⡄⠸⡧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⣀⠴⠚⠻⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⣫⡟⠉⠳⣄⡄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢠⣴⡿⠟⢻⠀⠀⡠⠚⠁⠘⢿⠓⢽⣌⢧⠙⣦⠘⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣴⣋⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⠒⣿⠿⠉⠀⢠⠖⠉⠁⠈⠉⠛⠃⠰⠾⠁⠀⠀⢀⡶⠋⠁⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⢷⡾⠷⠶⡖⠲⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠉⠁⣲⣴⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣼⢥⣼⣟⠛⣀⡰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⢀⡴⠟⣙⠄⢢⣀⣀⠼⠄⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡟⠳⢀⣧⠀⠈⢱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠊⠁⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠁⡘⣹⡏⠀⢈⡷⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠙⢳⣾⣿⠏⠜⣔⡿⠉⠉⢰⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⡷⢦⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⢠⠏⠀⢸⡿⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠰⡇⡀⠀⠀⠳⡿⠰⢀⡤⠎⠁⠀⣠⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠘⢦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠉⠋⠲⢤⡀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠘⣆⠀⢠⢷⠀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠖⠛⢶⣄⠀⠀⢿⡖⠉⠀⢀⡤⠖⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠲⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣠⠴⠊⢫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⡞⢸⠃⠙⠂⢀⣀⣴⠟⠐⠛⠓⠂⠀⠀⣠⠚⠁⠀⠀⢌⣿⣣⣤⣘⣧⠤⠐⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⣄⠀⠀⠀⡇⣠⠔⠁⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⣸⢰⡷⠚⣦⡀⢀⣬⠟⠃⠀⠀⣠⠴⠒⢓⣲⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠷⠶⠾⠦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡆⠀⠀⡿⠓⠒⠦⢤⡀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⢿⡟⡇⠀⠀⢧⣷⠛⠀⢀⣴⡷⠚⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣼⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣄⠘⡛⠲⠦⢤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡀⢸⠀⠀⣀⡤⠚⠁⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⣱⡊⠁⠘⡎⠀⣠⡿⠉⠀⢦⣀⣰⡤⠤⣤⡀⢹⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠐⠦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣸⢀⠖⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠇⠃⡞⣻⠡⠚⠁⢀⠘⣠⣾⡷⠀⠛⣠⢯⠀⠸⠈⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⢤⣤⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠢⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠔⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢸⡇⣡⠇⠀⠀⠾⢽⡏⡍⡀⢡⠞⠁⢸⣰⠃⠀⢸⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⠤⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡧⠤⠤⠴⠖⠛⠋⠛⠒⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⢰⢸⠀⠘⡽⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⡾⠁⠀⢀⠞⡄⠀⠀⠘⡇⠺⠿⠛⠁⠀⣀⣠⡜⣟⠒⢶⣿⣾⠿⣫⢽⠉⠻⡙⣏⣧⡀⠀⠀⠘⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣡⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⢀⡞⢸⠀⡇⣧⡙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠉⠀⢠⠖⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⡄⠂⠀⡄⡄⣿⣿⣴⣿⣶⣿⠿⡇⠐⠳⣌⣱⠖⠉⠉⠀⠉⠲⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢹⡟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⣸⠂⢸⡀⢻⣷⢝⠲⣄⡀⠀⠀⣇⡤⠔⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⡀⠀⣧⣿⢻⣿⣿⢟⡿⠛⠒⢣⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠘⠂⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⡨⠿⣥⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠛⢮⣿⡫⣻⡻⢍⠛⠚⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⠀⢿⠻⢸⣿⡷⢋⡴⢆⡀⣰⣿⡿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠉⠙⠲⣄⡀⠈⣄⠀⠄⠀⠀⢗⠖⢷⡊⠉⠁⠀⠉⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢻⠁⡟⢿⣶⣇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣟⡒⠿⣴⣿⣿⠋⠀⠰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⡍⢳⠘⣆⢸⡀⠀⠸⡆⠙⡁⠀⠀⢀⡴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⡇⠀⢸⠉⢢⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⡀⠀⠈⢹⡕⢭⡴⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡖⣈⠲⣌⡆⢱⣬⣝⢿⣾⣿⡉⠙⢯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⢰⡀⣼⠀⠀⠹⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡄⠀⠀⢳⠋⠀⠙⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠂⠐⠛⡴⡄⢳⣉⣻⣿⡝⡏⠁⠀⠙⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠘⣄⠀⠀⠈⠛⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡀⠀⠈⠳⣀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢳⡞⢡⢳⢀⣏⠻⠶⡄⡇⠀⠀⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠘⣇⠀⠀⢀⣈⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⡀⠀⠈⣄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡁⠀⢴⠛⠹⢸⡧⣌⠁⢈⣦⣧⣤⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠽⡴⠒⠟⠈⠉⠩⡏⠀⠉⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠈⠑⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠉⠀⣀⠛⢯⡅⣾⣔⡒⠒⠲⢮⣧⡍⢻⡁⠐⠢⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠔⠚⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠀⠉⠃⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢠⣜⡗⢲⢛⡧⠓⣪⣼⣕⢶⠄⠠⣗⡟⠂⠀⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠒⠢⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⡠⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠦⢀⣀⣀⠠⠼⠓⠦⠄⣀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡌⢁⣉⣋⠉⣤⢛⠧⠱⠽⠎⠣⣙⡶⠭⠥⠴⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠦⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀ 
⢀⡜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⡟⠻⡦⣷⣡⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠢⣤⣤⡶⢭⣀⠀⠀⡼⣦⢸⣄⢤⡆⣀⢤⣼⡿⢷⠀⡰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠳⢄⠀ 
⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠳⢞⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠹⣟⣷⣄⣰⣄⠰⣄⠘⠑⢻⠆⣴⡰⡔⣦⢹⡹⢯⡇⢻⣄⣹⡾⠟⢓⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠤⠤⣤⠐⠚⠁⠀⢩⠌⠛⠛⢛⠛⢷⠎⠓⢼⠷⣷⡼⣦⢷⢿⠿⠾⢿⠽⠂⡠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠒⠲⢞⣁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠦⣀⠀⠀⠰⡀⡈⠁⠘⠃⠃⠑⢢⠤⠴⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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Are the "charges" that free electrons carry implied to be monetary or criminal? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.2.219|162.158.2.219]] 22:27, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
: Fundamental particles have dipole-matic immunity. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.211.88|172.70.211.88]] 01:47, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

Somone needs to rewrite that section on heavy water / enriched uranium... deuterium in heavy water has more neutrons (so fits the comics description), and u235 is actually neither the lower nor upper neutron count for natural uranium so also questionably fits the description. I would but my head hurts after trying to parse it [[Special:Contributions/108.162.221.79|108.162.221.79]] 11:20, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

Is it worth mentioning the L and omega displayed in the first illustration are in conflicting directions (not following the {{w|right hand rule}}…)?[[Special:Contributions/172.70.210.145|172.70.210.145]]
:How sinister! [[Special:Contributions/172.70.91.80|172.70.91.80]] 19:28, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

I disagree with the calculation of the energy of the ²He filled balloon: ²He -> H + H + 1.25MeV (Wikipedia). One Balloon is approx. 30-40l, i.e. approx 2 moles = 2 Avogadro Number = 1.2e24 Atoms of ²He. This means 1.2e24*1.25MeV = 1.9E24MeV = 3e11J = 71 ton of TNT (@4.2e9J/ ton of TNT (Wikipedia)). That is much less than a kiloton of TNT, but probably above the limit for recreational fireworks. The balloon might pop, too.

The statement "This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever" would seem to be inaccurate, given that it is not actually a non-nuclear explosion. Should this be edited? [[Special:Contributions/172.70.110.135|172.70.110.135]] 03:43, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
: Deleted the sentence. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.211.88|172.70.211.88]] 04:43, 24 July 2022 (UTC)

Template:Purge

2022-07-24T06:08:35Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290388 by 108.162.221.79 (talk)

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fuck niggers lmao

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T06:07:45Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

This comic is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time to reduce costs or provide something for free for physicists to save money on their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement. It continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science. Saving money from science experiments was also described in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |Cost-Saving Tip
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by the {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes. The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out helium-2 balloons, presumably because of the massive explosions caused by its immediate radioactive decay. He jokes that this, "violated some local ordinance or something." Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2 as the title text suggests, the results would be instantly explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with any surviving local authorities, so merely being banned is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was equivalent to 1.5 kilotons of TNT, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on Hiroshima}} was about 15 kilotons, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was equivalent to between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotons.

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T04:08:18Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290379 by 108.162.241.103 (talk)

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Template:Purge

2022-07-24T04:03:45Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290375 by 172.69.70.11 (talk)

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T04:01:54Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290367 by 172.69.69.66 (talk)

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⠤⠒⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠓⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠒⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠳⠶⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠒⠢⢤⣄⣀⣤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡜⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⢟⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⡿⠿⠋⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣤⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⣾⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠶⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⡏⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢷⣄⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣷⠀⠀⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢨⡟⠉⢹⣿⣿⣷⣶⣄⡀⠀⢸⣿⠟⠋⠉⠛⠷⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣶⣶⡒⠂⠀⠀⡎⣿⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⡄⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠈⠉⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⠏⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣽⣁⣀⣸⣿⡟⡟⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠱⣿⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠻⠶⠶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠶⠾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡶⢿⠁ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣶⠀⠀⠀⠒⣤⡀⣠⣟⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣄⠀⢸⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣟⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⣼⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠧⢀⣸⡏⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡞⣇⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⣀⡀⠀⢠⠤⠄⠀⢀⡀⢠⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⣥⠏⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣶⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠈⠉⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⡈⣸⠋⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢱⣼⢧⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠈⠳⣦⠀⠀⠘⡿⠇⠆⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⡟⢿⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⡿⢀⣀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⢘⠿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠁⠰⡆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠛⠉⠿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣤⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⠷⣿⠴⠆⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⡿⠁⣠⣿⠏⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢸⢧⣴⣆⢠⡄⠀⠙⠓⠛⠤⢿⣄⣸⣀⡼⠟⠋⢀⣶⡫⠬⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡖⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠻⣧⣼⣷⡆⢠⡀⢠⠄⠰⡍⣉⣥⡀⢀⣨⣿⠷⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠙⡷⢿⡤⢷⣿⣤⣤⣿⣦⣭⣿⣿⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠤⠶⠟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠶⠄⠀⠀ 
⠐⠒⠒⠒⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⣀⣀⡌⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
 
{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T04:00:05Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290358 by 172.69.69.66 (talk)

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2022-07-24T03:59:48Z

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2022-07-24T03:58:58Z

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2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:58:42Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290351 by 172.69.69.66 (talk)

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⣾⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠶⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⡏⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢷⣄⠀ 
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T03:56:15Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290347 by 172.69.69.66 (talk)

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:56:00Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290346 by 172.69.69.32 (talk) you project so much you should work at a movie theatre

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:55:27Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290342 by 172.70.131.164 (talk)

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡜⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣤⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀ 
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:51:46Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290344 by 172.70.110.135 (talk)

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:48:34Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290341 by 108.162.221.79 (talk) seething

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:47:06Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290338 by 172.70.131.164 (talk) Restoring vandalism.

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T03:46:03Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290336 by 108.162.221.17 (talk) cope

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:44:28Z

Theusaf hates niggers: keep projecting, tranny groomer

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T03:43:07Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290323 by 108.162.221.17 (talk)

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:42:09Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

I don't recommend trying to make your voice squeeky by breathing He-2. [[User:Barmar|Barmar]] ([[User talk:Barmar|talk]]) 19:57, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
: But breathing a helium-rich mixture in general... so long as it still has sufficient oxygen in it ...I would speak highly of it! [[Special:Contributions/162.158.34.221|162.158.34.221]] 20:27, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

Please link comic 2007. I tried to do so myself but the edit errored.[[Special:Contributions/172.70.86.34|172.70.86.34]] 22:17, 22 July 2022 (UTC)

The vandals are going rather hard today. Can we get the first few semi-protected or something please? [[User:SqueakSquawk4|SqueakSquawk4]] ([[User talk:SqueakSquawk4|talk]]) 22:24, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
:I think I've fixed it. At least, it was fixed when I left this comment. I also don't do much wiki editing on anything, so I hope I actually fixed it and didn't break anything in the process. EDIT: Not sure if editing comments is appropriate, but it's just before 7AM UTC and it seems the vandalism has stopped. I think I had to fix it twice after I originally left this comment [[User:NErDysprosium|NErDysprosium]] ([[User talk:NErDysprosium|talk]]) 06:37, 23 July 2022 (UTC)
::They're back. Semi-protecting may work (though at a cost in useful edits); if any of the major contributors to this site know tricks to track down the physical location of an editing IP, that might open up other approaches. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.230.3|172.70.230.3]] 03:33, 24 July 2022 (UTC)
:::They're going after templates and similar infrastructure pages. Banning the little klanshit's username would be a good-ACK!
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢸⡇⣡⠇⠀⠀⠾⢽⡏⡍⡀⢡⠞⠁⢸⣰⠃⠀⢸⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⠤⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡧⠤⠤⠴⠖⠛⠋⠛⠒⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⢰⢸⠀⠘⡽⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⡾⠁⠀⢀⠞⡄⠀⠀⠘⡇⠺⠿⠛⠁⠀⣀⣠⡜⣟⠒⢶⣿⣾⠿⣫⢽⠉⠻⡙⣏⣧⡀⠀⠀⠘⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣡⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⢀⡞⢸⠀⡇⣧⡙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠉⠀⢠⠖⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⡄⠂⠀⡄⡄⣿⣿⣴⣿⣶⣿⠿⡇⠐⠳⣌⣱⠖⠉⠉⠀⠉⠲⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢹⡟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⣸⠂⢸⡀⢻⣷⢝⠲⣄⡀⠀⠀⣇⡤⠔⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⡀⠀⣧⣿⢻⣿⣿⢟⡿⠛⠒⢣⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠘⠂⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⡨⠿⣥⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠛⢮⣿⡫⣻⡻⢍⠛⠚⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⠀⢿⠻⢸⣿⡷⢋⡴⢆⡀⣰⣿⡿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠉⠙⠲⣄⡀⠈⣄⠀⠄⠀⠀⢗⠖⢷⡊⠉⠁⠀⠉⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢻⠁⡟⢿⣶⣇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣟⡒⠿⣴⣿⣿⠋⠀⠰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⡍⢳⠘⣆⢸⡀⠀⠸⡆⠙⡁⠀⠀⢀⡴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⡇⠀⢸⠉⢢⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⡀⠀⠈⢹⡕⢭⡴⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡖⣈⠲⣌⡆⢱⣬⣝⢿⣾⣿⡉⠙⢯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⢰⡀⣼⠀⠀⠹⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡄⠀⠀⢳⠋⠀⠙⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠂⠐⠛⡴⡄⢳⣉⣻⣿⡝⡏⠁⠀⠙⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠘⣄⠀⠀⠈⠛⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡀⠀⠈⠳⣀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢳⡞⢡⢳⢀⣏⠻⠶⡄⡇⠀⠀⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠘⣇⠀⠀⢀⣈⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⡀⠀⠈⣄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡁⠀⢴⠛⠹⢸⡧⣌⠁⢈⣦⣧⣤⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠽⡴⠒⠟⠈⠉⠩⡏⠀⠉⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠈⠑⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠉⠀⣀⠛⢯⡅⣾⣔⡒⠒⠲⢮⣧⡍⢻⡁⠐⠢⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠔⠚⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠀⠉⠃⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢠⣜⡗⢲⢛⡧⠓⣪⣼⣕⢶⠄⠠⣗⡟⠂⠀⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠒⠢⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⡠⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠦⢀⣀⣀⠠⠼⠓⠦⠄⣀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡌⢁⣉⣋⠉⣤⢛⠧⠱⠽⠎⠣⣙⡶⠭⠥⠴⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠦⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀ 
⢀⡜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⡟⠻⡦⣷⣡⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠢⣤⣤⡶⢭⣀⠀⠀⡼⣦⢸⣄⢤⡆⣀⢤⣼⡿⢷⠀⡰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠳⢄⠀ 
⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠳⢞⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠹⣟⣷⣄⣰⣄⠰⣄⠘⠑⢻⠆⣴⡰⡔⣦⢹⡹⢯⡇⢻⣄⣹⡾⠟⢓⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠤⠤⣤⠐⠚⠁⠀⢩⠌⠛⠛⢛⠛⢷⠎⠓⢼⠷⣷⡼⣦⢷⢿⠿⠾⢿⠽⠂⡠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠒⠲⢞⣁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠦⣀⠀⠀⠰⡀⡈⠁⠘⠃⠃⠑⢢⠤⠴⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠒⠒⠒⠚⠉⠒⠤⢄⣙⡲⠤⠶⠒⠒⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
 
Are the "charges" that free electrons carry implied to be monetary or criminal? [[Special:Contributions/162.158.2.219|162.158.2.219]] 22:27, 22 July 2022 (UTC)
: Fundamental particles have dipole-matic immunity. [[Special:Contributions/172.70.211.88|172.70.211.88]] 01:47, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

Somone needs to rewrite that section on heavy water / enriched uranium... deuterium in heavy water has more neutrons (so fits the comics description), and u235 is actually neither the lower nor upper neutron count for natural uranium so also questionably fits the description. I would but my head hurts after trying to parse it [[Special:Contributions/108.162.221.79|108.162.221.79]] 11:20, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

Is it worth mentioning the L and omega displayed in the first illustration are in conflicting directions (not following the {{w|right hand rule}}…)?[[Special:Contributions/172.70.210.145|172.70.210.145]]
:How sinister! [[Special:Contributions/172.70.91.80|172.70.91.80]] 19:28, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

I disagree with the calculation of the energy of the ²He filled balloon: ²He -> H + H + 1.25MeV (Wikipedia). One Balloon is approx. 30-40l, i.e. approx 2 moles = 2 Avogadro Number = 1.2e24 Atoms of ²He. This means 1.2e24*1.25MeV = 1.9E24MeV = 3e11J = 71 ton of TNT (@4.2e9J/ ton of TNT (Wikipedia)). That is much less than a kiloton of TNT, but probably above the limit for recreational fireworks. The balloon might pop, too.

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:39:10Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290326 by 108.162.221.187 (talk) keep projecting, tranny coomer

Talk:2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:36:38Z

Theusaf hates niggers: reply to dumb nigger

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T03:31:32Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290316 by 108.162.221.187 (talk) nigger

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:30:47Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290314 by 108.162.221.187 (talk) keep projecting, redditor

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡠⠾⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠦⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⠤⠒⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠓⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠒⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠳⠶⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠒⠢⢤⣄⣀⣤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡜⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⢟⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⡿⠿⠋⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⣾⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠶⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⡏⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢷⣄⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣷⠀⠀⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢨⡟⠉⢹⣿⣿⣷⣶⣄⡀⠀⢸⣿⠟⠋⠉⠛⠷⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣶⣶⡒⠂⠀⠀⡎⣿⠀ 
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⡄⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠈⠉⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⠏⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣽⣁⣀⣸⣿⡟⡟⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣟⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⣼⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡞⣇⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⣀⡀⠀⢠⠤⠄⠀⢀⡀⢠⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⣥⠏⠀⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⡟⢿⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⡿⢀⣀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
 
{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Template:outdent

2022-07-24T03:25:58Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:22:46Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Undo revision 290305 by 172.69.69.66 (talk) all redditors should be shot on sight

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Template:Purge

2022-07-24T03:12:33Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-24T03:05:47Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Fuck niggers, kikes, fags, and trannies

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==NOOOOO STOP DOING A HECKIN' RACISM ON MY WEBSITE NOOOOOOOO==
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡜⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ 
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{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
This is another one of [[Randall|Randall's]] [[:Category:Tips|Tips]], this time with a series of Physics Cost-Saving Tips. It also continues the previous [[2648: Chemicals]] comic's jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science.

Below in the [[#Table of tips|table]] is a description of the four "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research. None of them would provide any real advantages, even when possible to implement.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

In the title text [[Randall]] claims to have been banned from the county fair for handing out Helium-2 balloons. Maybe not so strange due to the instant massive plasma explosions caused by the radioactive decay of the light helium. He jokes that this "violated some local ordinance or something".

===Table of tips===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |"Cost-Saving Tip"
! scope="col" |Explanation
|-
|Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible
|The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular {{w|Euclidean vector}}s, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of Euclidean vectors, and while similar to Euclidean vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular momentum}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the angular velocity ('ω') of rotation multiplied by {{w|moment of inertia}} (‘I’).
|-
|A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves
|{{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects are exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.
|-
|Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons
|Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2,000 kg of {{w|TNT}}. Handing out what are effectively small atomic bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, so being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as mass murder and terrorism would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

Two kilotons of TNT is a lot of explosive power. For comparison, the {{w|AIR-2 Genie}} nuclear air-to-ground rocket was 1.5 kilotonnes, {{w|Little Boy|the bomb dropped on hiroshima}} was ~15 kilotonnes, and the {{w|2020 Beirut explosion}} was between 0.3 and 1.1 kilotonnes. This would make the Helium-2 balloon-bomb the most powerful human-made non-nuclear explosion ever, but still smaller than most nuclear weapons.
|-
|Conductors are a great source of free electrons (may carry charges)
|{{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by the pun.
|}

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}

[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-23T06:42:18Z

Theusaf hates niggers: NiGgErsprosium

{{comic
| number = 2649
| date = July 22, 2022
| title = GAS THE KIKES, RACE WAR NOW
| image = Hitler portrait crop.jpg
| titletext = xkcd = redditnigger the comic
}}

==Explanation==
{{incomplete|Created by a FAUX VECTOR - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

This comic continues the previous comic [[2648: Chemicals]]'s jocular theme of tricks to supposedly save money based on misinterpretations of science. Here is a list of "cost-saving tips" which would seem to reduce a cost or provide something for free, allowing physicists to save money in their research.

* The prefix "pseudo-" refers to an inauthentic variation of something. Fakes are usually cheaper than their original brand-name product, while often working just as well, so the comic implies a {{w|pseudovector}} could be a less expensive substitute for a regular vector. On the contrary, pseudovectors, or axial vectors, are distinct alternatives to regular polar vectors, the former usually being involved with rotation or physical effects that share properties with rotation, similar to the relationship between angles and lengths. Pseudovectors are formed from the {{w|cross product}}s of polar vectors, and while similar to polar vectors, there is no physical meaning to their specific direction, only their magnitude and portions of their position. For example, {{w|angular velocity}} is described by a pseudovector (labeled 'L' in the comic) {{w|Normal (geometry)|normal}} to the {{w|plane of rotation}}, originating from the center of rotation, with magnitude proportional to the velocity ('ω') of rotation.

* {{w|Fourier analysis}} can decompose any periodic function into a series of {{w|sine wave}}s. A {{w|square wave}} can thereby be represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. However, the sine waves are not removed or separated individually, so such a {{w|Fourier transform}} does not produce a "supply" of sine waves for practical use in any tasks other than analysis, and as abstract mathematical objects exempt from the laws of supply and demand, their value is similarly limited.

* Chemical elements are identified by the number of protons in each atomic nucleus, equal to the number of electrons in their shell (unless the atom is ionized), which dictates most of their chemical behavior. {{w|Isotopes}} are variants of the element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, among which chemical behavior is usually nearly identical. The comic suggests that the neutrons don't serve any useful purpose, so, in theory, if purchasing an element by weight, and its isotopes have the same price per unit weight, then you can save money by buying isotopes with no neutrons at all. In reality, the cost per unit weight for material containing a larger concentration of normally rare isotopes, such as {{w|heavy water}} or {{w|enriched uranium}}, is much higher than the cost of material containing isotopes in their ordinary proportions. (An exception is {{w|depleted uranium}}, which costs less than regular uranium because it is a waste product from the production of enriched uranium.) In addition, a certain range of neutron quantity is needed to keep atoms stable, as atoms with too many or too few neutrons will decay more quickly than the common isotopes.

: The image shown is helium-2, an {{w|Isotopes of helium|isotope of helium}} which has a half-life of less than a nanosecond. It decays into two protons, releasing a large amount of energy—hence the explosion mentioned in the title text. Helium balloons are often given out at county fairs and other similar events, but they are filled with helium-4, and therefore inert. If a balloon was filled with helium-2, as the title text suggests, the results would be immediately explosive, comparable to 2000 kg TNT. Handing out what are effectively bombs at a county fair would not go down well with local authorities, and therefore being banned from the fair is a very mild punishment. Criminal charges such as reckless endangerment or even attempted murder would be more likely, if it weren't for the sub-nanosecond fuse length rendering the scenario absurdly impossible.

* {{w|Charge carrier|Free}} {{w|electron}}s are electrons that are not tightly bound to specific atoms so they can move freely, such as in {{w|conduction band}}s of the {{w|metallic bond}}s throughout the iron ingot depicted in the comic. Randall interprets "free" in a different sense, meaning no cost. The charges free electrons carry are electric, not monetary as implied by this pun.

Saving money from science experiments like this was also mentioned in [[2007: Brookhaven RHIC]].

==Transcript==
{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

:[Title]
:Physics Cost-Saving Tips

:[A diagramatical spinning disc, at an angle]
:[It is identified with an 'I', with a dotted axial arrow labelled 'L' and a rotational movement labelled 'ω' (small omega)]
:[It sits on the left, and to the right of this is text...]
:Try replacing regular vectors with pseudovectors whenever possible

:[A square wave with three maxima (between four minima), and arrows pointing down into a collection of five sine waves of different wavelengths]
:[One of the waves having the same frequency as the square wave and the rest of them are of shorter lengths with more peaks and troughs]
:[It sits on the right, and to the left of this is text...]
:A square wave can be broken down into an infinite supply of valuable sine waves

:[Two atomic models]
:[The left containing two protons (white with a "+" sign), two neutrons (black) and orbited by two electrons (small outlines, dotted orbits/movement lines), labelled below with the text of superscript atomic weight and element symbol]
:4He
:[The right model has just the two protons and the two electrons, labelled below with the text of an atomic weight and elemental symbol, and some subtext within brackets]
:2He
:(Decays fast - use quickly)
:[Both models sit on the left of the comic, and to the right is text...]
:Cut waste by buying lighter isotopes that don't have any dead-weight neutrons

:[A flat rectangular bar, drawn in perspective with a scattering of dots/small circles on the top face and on the forward-facing one the label]
:Iron
:[An arrow points to the dots, from the text...]
:Free electrons
:[It sits to the right, and there is text to the left...]
:Conductors are a great source of free electrons
:(May carry charges)

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Tips]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

718: The Flake Equation

2022-07-23T06:39:46Z

Theusaf hates niggers:

{{comic
| number = 718
| date = March 24, 2010
| title = The Fuck Niggers Equation
| image = the flake equation.png
| titletext = Statistics suggest that there should be tons of alien encounter stories, and in practice there are tons of alien encounter stories. This is known as Fermi's Lack-of-a-Paradox.
}}

==Explanation==
This strip parodies the {{w|Drake equation}}, which is an method for estimating of the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy. The Drake equation starts with the best estimate for the number of stars in our galaxy, then multiplies it by successive probabilities (such as the number of stars with planets, the number of planets which can support life, etc), to ultimately calculate how many civilizations exist. While such a calculation necessarily uses speculative numbers, it gives a good sense of how many civilizations could potentially exist.

The Flake equation presented in this strip provides an estimate about how many false or fake stories ''about'' aliens are likely to exist. It does so in similar manner as the Drake equation, by starting with the entire population, estimating how many people are likely to believe that they've had an alien encounter, and then calculating how likely those stories are to become public. Just like in the Drake equation, exact numbers are unknown, but can be estimated, and the equation in the comic shows [[Randall|Randall's]] guesses about these values. See an [[#Explanations of values|explanations of values]] below.

"Flake" is American slang for a person who is casually dishonest or unreliable, implying that such a person would be likely to imagine an alien encounter. Note that, while the Flake equation includes people who imagine encounters "because they're crazy or want to feel special", it doesn't attempt to include outright lies or deliberate hoaxes.

The final results tells us that there should be about 100,000 stories about aliens that have reliable explanations. (The numbers given in the equation gives 126,000 stories). The data is obviously highly speculative, and as with the Drake Equation, you can plug in your own numbers, but if you keep your guesses realistic, you will most likely get a very large number. This convinces the reader that the fact that there are many stories about aliens does not necessarily mean that many people actually met aliens.

The title text refers to Fermi's Lack-of-a-Paradox. The {{w|Fermi paradox}} refers to the contradiction between high numbers of calculated civilizations and the total lack of verified alien contact with earth. This is related to the Drake Equation, many estimates calculate that there should be large numbers of civilization in the galaxy, and they should have existed for long periods of time, suggesting that humanity should have been contacted by them, or at least seen some clear evidence of their existence. There are multiple explanations for this paradox, but it remains a question of scientific debate. The Lack-of-a-Paradox in this strip, however, is that the math suggests that there should be huge numbers of claimed alien sightings, and that's exactly what we observe.

Another comic parodying this equation is [[384: The Drake Equation]]. The credibility of paranormal reports in general is revisited in [[1235: Settled]], which posits that if such phenomena were real they should have been unambiguously captured on camera by now.

===Explanations of values===
{| class="wikitable"
!Symbol
!Assumed value
!Explanation
|-

|WP
|7,000,000,000
|World population at the time of the creation of the comic, taken as a starting value.
|-
|(CR + Mi)
|1/10,000 + 1/10,000
|Fraction of people who would falsely believe they had been visited by aliens. This is attributed to either a person imagining an encounter, and believing that it was real (due to mental illness or a desire to feel special), or to people misinterpreting something as an alien encounter (this can include possibilities as broad as unusual lights in the sky to actual hallucinations). It is estimated that one person in ten thousand falls into each of these categories, suggesting that one person in five thousand either has or will, at some point, believe they've encountered aliens.
|-
|TK
|1/10
|The fraction of people who believe they have experienced an alien sighting that tell others about their experience. [[Randall]] estimates (rather conservatively) that 90% of people who believe they've encountered aliens will keep quiet about it (likely out of fear of not being believed), and only one in ten will talk about their 'experience'. Multiplying with the previous values we get the of first-hand accounts of alien encounters.
|-
|F0
|10
|Average number of people they tell about their "sightings". Multiplying with the previous values we get the number of people who hear about an alien sighting from the "primary source".
|-
|F1
|10
|Average number of people that they decide to tell about the "firsthand" account. Multiplying with the previous values we get the amount of people who hear a second-hand account of a false story.
|-
|DT
|9/10
|The probability that the details will be slightly adjusted during the retelling process, making the account believable. [[Randall]] estimates that 90% of accounts that are actually shared have detailed changed when they're retold. This is exceptionally common when stories are passed from person to person, it's rare for all the details to survive unchanged. In this sort of case, "not fitting the narrative" implies that some details will be unbelievable, or falsifiable, or will be insufficiently dramatic, and those tend to morph over time (often innocently, as people don't remember the original version perfectly). Multiplying this probability by the previous numbers gives number of believable-yet-false alien sighting stories in circulation.
|-
|AU
|1/100
|The proportion of people who have the willingness and ability to share this story with a broad audience. [[Randall]] assumes that the overwhelming majority of people who hear such stories either have no platform to share stories to more than a handful of people at a time, or aren't willing to share these stories. But enough people in modern times have broad audiences (this number includes people with internet audiences), that it's estimated that 1% of the population both can and wants to share second-hand accounts of alien encounters. The total is now the amount of believable-yet-false alien sightings that are published to a wider audience.
|}

==Transcript==
:{{incomplete transcript}}
:The Flake Equation:
:P = WP × (CR + MI) × TK × F0 × F1 × DT × AU ≈ 100,000
:Where:
::WP = World Population (7,000,000,000)
::CR = Fraction of people who imagine an alien encounter because they're crazy or want to feel special (1/10,000)
::MI = Fraction of people who misinterpret a physical or physiological experience as an alien sighting (1/10,000)
::TK = Probability that they'll tell someone (1/10)
::F0 = Average number of people they tell (10)
::F1 = Average number of people each friend tells this "firsthand" account (10)
::DT = Probability that any details not fitting the narrative will be revised or forgotten in retelling (9/10)
::AU = Fraction of people with the means and motivation to share the story with a wider audience (blogs, forums, reporters) (1/100)
:Even with conservative guesses for the values of the variables, this suggests there must be a ''huge'' number of credible-sounding alien sightings out there, available to anyone who wants to believe!

{{comic discussion}}
[[Category:Math]]
[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:SETI]]
[[Category:Aliens]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-23T06:37:50Z

Theusaf hates niggers: HOLY SHIT LOIS I TURNED INTO A NIGGER, FUCK NIGGERS

2649: Physics Cost-Saving Tips

2022-07-23T06:31:17Z

Theusaf hates niggers: Hitler did nothing wrong