2997: Solar Protons - Revision history

Natg19: /* Transcript */ aurora

2026-01-23T20:12:30Z

‎Transcript: aurora

162.158.137.211: Undo revision 356892 by NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE (talk) why doesn't this site automatically block someone for making tons of huge edits (+1000 characters) at once

2024-11-14T23:55:31Z

Undo revision 356892 by NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE (talk) why doesn't this site automatically block someone for making tons of huge edits (+1000 characters) at once

NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE at 23:38, 14 November 2024

2024-11-14T23:38:34Z

172.68.186.132: /* Explanation */

2024-11-05T02:08:09Z

‎Explanation

Transgalactic: /* Explanation */ attributing the misconception to the general public rather than Randall

2024-11-05T00:04:24Z

‎Explanation: attributing the misconception to the general public rather than Randall

TiredQuill281 at 16:40, 25 October 2024

2024-10-25T16:40:26Z

CategoryGeneral: The text on the sign

2024-10-23T11:19:54Z

The text on the sign

Kynde: /* Transcript */ complete

2024-10-20T06:12:09Z

‎Transcript: complete

Asdf: /* Transcript */ removed some redundancy

2024-10-20T03:17:01Z

‎Transcript: removed some redundancy

SomeRandomNerd: Explained aurora coloring

2024-10-16T02:09:56Z

Explained aurora coloring

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 [[Category:Comics with inverted brightness]]
 [[Category:Comics featuring Beret Guy]]
-[[Category:Astronomy]]
+[[Category:Aurora]]
 [[Category:Physics]]
 [[Category:Chemistry]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an illustration of the northern lights.
-The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE from the Sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
+The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the Sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
 Note, however, that - contrary to some common misconceptions - auroras are only created indirectly due to the impact of solar particles, and only a small fraction of all auroras are triggered by solar protons from coronal mass ejections. [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point). The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora. The comic merely implies that there must be solar protons arriving on Earth when there are such impressive northern lights in Beret Guy's home town, which seems likely.{{Citation needed}}

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an illustration of the northern lights.
-The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the Sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
+The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE NOTRUMPWON2024MAGAFORLIFE from the Sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
 Note, however, that - contrary to some common misconceptions - auroras are only created indirectly due to the impact of solar particles, and only a small fraction of all auroras are triggered by solar protons from coronal mass ejections. [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point). The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora. The comic merely implies that there must be solar protons arriving on Earth when there are such impressive northern lights in Beret Guy's home town, which seems likely.{{Citation needed}}

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an illustration of the northern lights.
-The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
+The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the Sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
-Note, however, that - contrary to some common misconceptions - auroras are only created indirectly due to the impact of solar particles, and only a small fraction of all auroras are triggered by solar protons from coronal mass ejections. [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point). The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora. The comic merely implies that there must be solar protons arriving on Earth when there are such impressive northern lights in Beret Guy's home town, which seems likely.{{citation needed}}
+Note, however, that - contrary to some common misconceptions - auroras are only created indirectly due to the impact of solar particles, and only a small fraction of all auroras are triggered by solar protons from coronal mass ejections. [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point). The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora. The comic merely implies that there must be solar protons arriving on Earth when there are such impressive northern lights in Beret Guy's home town, which seems likely.{{Citation needed}}
 Here, [[Beret Guy]] takes on the task of giving the protons a cordial welcome to Earth, where they will spend the foreseeable future. He has set up a sign to welcome them, presumably because he is happy to see the northern lights. His sign claims that they will love being part of the atmosphere, presumably because the protons are interacting with other atoms in the atmosphere if aurora lights are emitted. The sign also invites them to try creating water. Water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms sharing an electron each with the oxygen. Since the solar protons are just hydrogen nuclei, they can form water by interacting with oxygen atoms or hydroxide ions (OH<sup>-</sup>). Scientists believe that solar wind [https://physicsworld.com/a/did-the-solar-wind-create-earths-water/ frequently creates water] by interaction of the hydrogen nuclei with oxygen. However, the mechanism proposed involves solar wind first creating hydroxide from compounds in asteroids and space dust, and then another proton joining to make water. As most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere consists of O<sub>2</sub> molecules (two bound oxygen atoms), it is not clear if solar protons could create water in the atmosphere at the same time as the northern lights, as opposed to via various other intermediate atmospheric/geological/biological interactions which might take up hydrogen (ionised or otherwise).

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Explanation==
-This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic.  A result of the storm was that {{w|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence.  The rare color background of this panel is an idealized depiction of the northern lights.
+This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an illustration of the northern lights.
-The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the sun after their electrons were stripped.  Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton.  These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora.  In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
+The solar protons referenced are hydrogen nuclei ejected from the sun. Since most hydrogen atoms are just a single proton and electron pair, once the electron is removed, the resulting ion is just a proton. These protons, being positively charged, interact with Earth's magnetosphere, and the resulting excitation of atoms in the atmosphere causes them to emit light in the form of aurora. In the northern hemisphere the aurora is called aurora borealis (Latin for "northern dawn") and in the southern hemisphere it is called aurora australis (Latin for "southern dawn").
-Here, [[Beret Guy]] takes on the task of giving the protons a cordial welcome to Earth, where they will spend the foreseeable future.  He has set up a sign to welcome them, presumably because he normally does not see the northern lights. His sign notes that they will love being part of the atmosphere, since if the light of the aurora is being emitted it means that the protons are interacting with other atoms in the atmosphere. The sign also invites them to try creating water.  Water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms sharing an electron each with the oxygen. Since the solar protons are just hydrogen nuclei, they can form water by interacting with oxygen atoms or hydroxide ions (OH<sup>-</sup>). Scientists believe that solar wind [https://physicsworld.com/a/did-the-solar-wind-create-earths-water/ frequently creates water] by interaction of the hydrogen nuclei with oxygen. However, the mechanism proposed involves solar wind first creating hydroxide from compounds in asteroids and space dust, and then another proton joining to make water. As most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere consists of O<sub>2</sub> molecules (two bound oxygen atoms), it is not clear if solar protons could create water in the atmosphere at the same time as the northern lights, as opposed to via various other intermediate atmospheric/geological/biological interactions which might take up hydrogen (ionised or otherwise).
+Note, however, that - contrary to some common misconceptions - auroras are only created indirectly due to the impact of solar particles, and only a small fraction of all auroras are triggered by solar protons from coronal mass ejections. [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point). The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora. The comic merely implies that there must be solar protons arriving on Earth when there are such impressive northern lights in Beret Guy's home town, which seems likely.{{citation needed}}
-Beret Guy is repeating two common misconceptions about aurora: that they are created directly by solar energetic particles, and that they are dominated by protons.  [https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/content/aurora-tutorial Most auroras are caused by electrons, and these electrons are mostly already trapped over the long term in Earth's magnetosphere] (although many of them originated in the solar wind at some point).   The interaction of the solar wind's magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere can create strong electric fields parallel to the magnetic field lines near the poles, and these electric fields energize the electrons and accelerate them into the atmosphere, where their interactions with oxygen and nitrogen molecules create the emission lines of the aurora.  It's not apparent if the misconceptions are Beret Guy's or Randall's.
+Here, [[Beret Guy]] takes on the task of giving the protons a cordial welcome to Earth, where they will spend the foreseeable future. He has set up a sign to welcome them, presumably because he is happy to see the northern lights. His sign claims that they will love being part of the atmosphere, presumably because the protons are interacting with other atoms in the atmosphere if aurora lights are emitted. The sign also invites them to try creating water. Water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms sharing an electron each with the oxygen. Since the solar protons are just hydrogen nuclei, they can form water by interacting with oxygen atoms or hydroxide ions (OH<sup>-</sup>). Scientists believe that solar wind [https://physicsworld.com/a/did-the-solar-wind-create-earths-water/ frequently creates water] by interaction of the hydrogen nuclei with oxygen. However, the mechanism proposed involves solar wind first creating hydroxide from compounds in asteroids and space dust, and then another proton joining to make water. As most of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere consists of O<sub>2</sub> molecules (two bound oxygen atoms), it is not clear if solar protons could create water in the atmosphere at the same time as the northern lights, as opposed to via various other intermediate atmospheric/geological/biological interactions which might take up hydrogen (ionised or otherwise).
-The title text references water formation by saying that Beret Guy can introduce the solar protons/hydrogen nuclei to cool oxygen atoms.  In reality hydrogen nuclei from the solar wind do not need an introduction,{{Citation needed}} but instead, due to their great speed, form bonds with oxygen when they impact oxygen or hydroxide.
+The title text references water formation by saying that Beret Guy can introduce the solar protons/hydrogen nuclei to cool oxygen atoms. In reality hydrogen nuclei from the solar wind do not need an introduction,{{Citation needed}} but instead, due to their great speed, form bonds with oxygen when they impact oxygen or hydroxide.
 ==Transcript==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:40, 25 October 2024
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	==Explanation==		==Explanation==
−	{{incomplete\|Created by a BOT RUNNING ON PROTONS INSTEAD OF ELECTRONS. Educational comment about aurora added 10/11 (MM/DD) - Please change this comment when editing this page. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}

	This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w\|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an idealized depiction of the northern lights.		This comic is referencing the solar storm that hit the Earth on Thursday night before the comic. A result of the storm was that {{w\|northern lights}} were visible across much of the northern United States, including Massachusetts where [[Randall]] lives. The northern lights normally occur much farther north, making this a rare and spectacular occurrence. The rare color background of this panel is an idealized depiction of the northern lights.

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ==Transcript==
-{{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
+:[A large mainly black panel is filled with colorful aurora that streaks upwards from the central part of the panel. The aurora if mainly red, orange and yellow light in the streaks that goes to the top of the panel and green in the broad band at the bottom part of the aurora. The band starts lower tot he left and moves higher towards the right. Behind the aurora is a starry night sky. Beret Guy is drawn as a black silhouette just left of the center beneath the aurora which he is looking up at. He is standing on a grassy field, next to a sign to his right. The sign is black with text in a light-greenish font:]
 :Welcome Solar Protons!
 :You'll love being part of our atmosphere!
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 {{comic discussion}}
 [[Category:Comics featuring Beret Guy]]
 [[Category:Astronomy]]
 [[Category:Physics]]
 [[Category:Chemistry]]

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 {{incomplete transcript|Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
-:[Colorful aurora, made of green light towards the bottom and red-orange-yellows closer to the top in the starry night sky, with colors ranging from red at the top to green at the bottom]
+:[Colorful aurora, made of red, orange and yellow light closer to the top and green towards the bottom, shown in the starry night sky]
 :[Black silhouette of Beret Guy standing on a grassy field, next to a sign to the right that reads (in light-greenish text on black):]
 :Welcome Solar Protons!