3027: Exclusion Principle - Revision history

Kynde: /* Explanation */ more on news

2026-02-08T17:57:10Z

‎Explanation: more on news

Kynde: Category:News

2026-02-07T14:51:37Z

Category:News

219.90.170.202 at 15:48, 8 July 2025

2025-07-08T15:48:34Z

172.71.151.73: /* Explanation */ really good video lecture

2025-01-21T09:59:15Z

‎Explanation: really good video lecture

B for brain: /* Explanation */ Removed Incomplete tag

2025-01-13T15:36:59Z

‎Explanation: Removed Incomplete tag

Promethean: /* Explanation */

2024-12-30T05:47:16Z

‎Explanation

Promethean: Fifth force isn't false because it's "made up" but because it doesn't improve the model's accuracy

2024-12-30T05:46:19Z

Fifth force isn't false because it's "made up" but because it doesn't improve the model's accuracy

Torzsmokus: Typo

2024-12-24T06:49:44Z

Typo

172.70.206.162: /* Explanation */ technical definition of "same location" often overlooked, resulting in weaker conceptualization in this physics TA's experience

2024-12-24T03:44:57Z

‎Explanation: technical definition of "same location" often overlooked, resulting in weaker conceptualization in this physics TA's experience

172.70.210.177: /* Explanation */ clarify

2024-12-23T21:00:37Z

‎Explanation: clarify

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 8 February 2026
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	==Explanation==		==Explanation==
		+	This is one of the [[:Category:News\|News]] comics, delivering big news.
		+
	In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w\|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w\|gravity}}, {{w\|electromagnetism}}, the {{w\|weak interaction}}, and the {{w\|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w\|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w\|Matter wave\|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjDvBP5IU-4] The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w\|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.		In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w\|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w\|gravity}}, {{w\|electromagnetism}}, the {{w\|weak interaction}}, and the {{w\|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w\|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w\|Matter wave\|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjDvBP5IU-4] The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w\|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 [[Category:Comics with color]]
 [[Category:Comics with red annotations]]
 [[Category:Physics]]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w|Matter wave|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjDvBP5IU-4] The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
-This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, inventing a fifth force to patch up confusing behavior doesn't improve the accuracy of physicists' predictions of how real-world matter and energy behave; they strive for increasingly accurate descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules in ways that compromise their accuracy in predicting physical systems' behavior in favor of simplicity.
+This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, inventing a fifth force to patch up confusing behavior doesn't improve the accuracy of physicists' predictions of how real-world matter and energy behave; they strive for increasingly accurate descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules in ways that compromise their accuracy in predicting physical systems' behavior in favor of simplicity. An alternate interpretation is that they are studying the actual phenomenon but saying that it ''counts as'' a force (much like centrifugal force as discussed in [[123: Centrifugal Force]]).
 In the title text, Randall expands the idea from electrons to all fermions, which have half-integer {{w|Spin (physics)|quantum spin}} and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, and contrasts them with {{w|bosons}}, which have integer spin and can share the same space. He humorously likens fermions to people standing standoffishly far apart, while bosons are like those who stand uncomfortably close while talking—an imaginative analogy for the fundamental differences in their behaviors.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Explanation==
-In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w|Matter wave|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
+In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w|Matter wave|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjDvBP5IU-4] The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
 This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, inventing a fifth force to patch up confusing behavior doesn't improve the accuracy of physicists' predictions of how real-world matter and energy behave; they strive for increasingly accurate descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules in ways that compromise their accuracy in predicting physical systems' behavior in favor of simplicity.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 13 January 2025
Line 10:		Line 10:

	==Explanation==		==Explanation==
−	~~{{incomplete\|Created by a COLLIDING ATOM. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}~~
	In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w\|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w\|gravity}}, {{w\|electromagnetism}}, the {{w\|weak interaction}}, and the {{w\|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w\|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w\|Matter wave\|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w\|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.		In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w\|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w\|gravity}}, {{w\|electromagnetism}}, the {{w\|weak interaction}}, and the {{w\|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w\|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w\|Matter wave\|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w\|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w|Matter wave|de Broglie wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
-This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, scientists cannot just invent new forces to patch up confusing behavior; they strive for genuine descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules.
+This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, inventing a fifth force to patch up confusing behavior doesn't improve the accuracy of physicists' predictions of how real-world matter and energy behave; they strive for increasingly accurate descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules in ways that compromise their accuracy in predicting physical systems' behavior.
 In the title text, Randall expands the idea from electrons to all fermions, which have half-integer {{w|Spin (physics)|quantum spin}} and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, and contrasts them with {{w|bosons}}, which have integer spin and can share the same space. He humorously likens fermions to people standing standoffishly far apart, while bosons are like those who stand uncomfortably close while talking—an imaginative analogy for the fundamental differences in their behaviors.

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ==Explanation==
 {{incomplete|Created by a COLLIDING ATOM. Do NOT delete this tag too soon.}}
-In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons in the same location can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
+In this comic, [[Randall]] lists the four {{w|fundamental forces}} of physics—{{w|gravity}}, {{w|electromagnetism}}, the {{w|weak interaction}}, and the {{w|strong interaction}}—then humorously adds a fifth force called "Electrons are weird about each other." This is a nod to how electrons cannot occupy exactly the same quantum state. The principle that underlies this is the {{w|Pauli exclusion principle}} (also covered in [[658: Orbitals]], [[1862: Particle Properties]], and [[2351: Standard Model Changes]]), which says that no two electrons at the same position (within their {{w|Matter wave|de Brogle wavelength}}s) can have the same set of quantum numbers. The idea behind Pauli exclusion isn't really a conventional "force" like gravity or electromagnetism. Instead, it's a result of the fundamental quantum mechanical rules governing {{w|fermions}}, a class of particles that includes electrons. When combined with electromagnetism, it makes electrons repel each other more than mere electric charge would predict on its own.
 This phenomenon is sometimes described via the {{w|exchange interaction}}, which can be tricky to explain to non-experts. Randall's joke is that physicists, frustrated with explaining the subtleties of quantum mechanics, have simply decided to create a "fifth force" to cover the weirdness of electrons. In reality, scientists cannot just invent new forces to patch up confusing behavior; they strive for genuine descriptions of how nature behaves, rather than rewriting the rules.