Editing 1728: Cron Mail

Jump to: navigation, search

Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.

The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then save the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision Your text
Line 1: Line 1:
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{{comic
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crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap crap 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| number    = 1728
 
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| date      = September 2, 2016
 
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| title    = Cron Mail
 
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| image    = cron_mail.png
 
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| titletext = Take THAT, piece of 1980s-era infrastructure I've inexplicably maintained on my systems for 15 years despite never really learning how it works.
 
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}}
 
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==Explanation==
 
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On {{W|Unix}}-like systems, {{W|Cron|cron}} is a system utility that runs tasks on a schedule.  This program has been around since the early days of Unix and has not changed much - it is still one of the most widely used functions in modern operating systems.  Many administrative tasks on servers are automated using cron, including monitoring and updates.
 
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When a cron job produces output, cron's default behavior is to send an email to the user account under which the job ran.  However, in most situations, an email address has not been set up for that user, so the email is instead written to a mailbox file.  Most Unix shells will notify the user with a message like "You have new mail" when this mailbox file is updated, but if the user doesn't know how to check this mail file, they will likely just ignore the message.
 
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In this case, Cueball has been ignoring his mailbox for fifteen years.  When he finally learns where to look, he discovers more than a gigabyte worth of messages from the cron program, the vast majority of which are likely meaningless.  Ponytail says to Cueball "fix your cron" (likely meaning he should fix the task that's generating the output so that it doesn't do so), then set a parameter that tells cron to send email to an address he actually checks.  (He could also opt to direct the mails to <code>/dev/null</code>, which would discard them, or simply disable the mail in the crontab.)  Cueball, however, interprets the tremendous amount of email as spam and decides to redirect the emails to <code>/etc/crontab</code>, the main configuration file that contains all of cron's scheduling information.  He apparently believes that this will either stop the emails or cause cron to spam itself instead.
 
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In reality, this will not cause significant problems as the <code>MAILTO</code> environmental variable in cron takes an email address or usernames on the local system and attempts to send emails to them.  It will not write or append output to a local file like <code>/etc/crontab</code>.  Thus when cron attempts to email <code>/etc/crontab</code> the mail program cron uses will generate an error saying it can't find the user <code>/etc/crontab</code>.
 
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For example, if you create the following crontab:
 
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<pre>
 
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MAILTO=/etc/crontab
 
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* * * * * echo "Some output from a cronjob"
 
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</pre>
 
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installed on a user named <code>me</code> on a system called <code>mycomputer</code> then you will see a new error messages email to you (located in <code>/var/mail/me</code>) stating it can't send email to a user named <code>/etc/crontab</code> and the undelivered email is being returned to the sender.  The error email will look like the following:
 
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<pre>
 
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From MAILER-DAEMON  Tue Sep  6 14:47:01 2016
 
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Return-Path: <>
 
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X-Original-To: [email protected]
 
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Delivered-To: [email protected]
 
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Received: by mycomputer.local (Postfix)
 
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        id 5341C64EE516; Tue,  6 Sep 2016 14:47:01 -0400 (EDT)
 
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Date: Tue,  6 Sep 2016 14:47:01 -0400 (EDT)
 
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From: [email protected] (Mail Delivery System)
 
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Subject: Undelivered Mail Returned to Sender
 
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Auto-Submitted: auto-replied
 
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MIME-Version: 1.0
 
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Content-Type: multipart/report; report-type=delivery-status;
 
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        boundary="33AF864EE514.1473187621/mycomputer.local"
 
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Message-Id: <[email protected]>
 
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This is a MIME-encapsulated message.
 
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--33AF864EE514.1473187621/mycomputer.local
 
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Content-Description: Notification
 
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
 
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This is the mail system at host mycomputer.local.
 
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I'm sorry to have to inform you that your message could not
 
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be delivered to one or more recipients. It's attached below.
 
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For further assistance, please send mail to postmaster.
 
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If you do so, please include this problem report. You can
 
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delete your own text from the attached returned message.
 
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                  The mail system
 
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</etc/[email protected]> (expanded from </etc/crontab>): unknown user:
 
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    "/etc/crontab"
 
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--33AF864EE514.1473187621/mycomputer.local
 
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Content-Description: Delivery report
 
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Content-Type: message/delivery-status
 
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Reporting-MTA: dns; mycomputer.local
 
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X-Postfix-Queue-ID: 33AF864EE514
 
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X-Postfix-Sender: rfc822; [email protected]
 
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Arrival-Date: Tue,  6 Sep 2016 14:47:00 -0400 (EDT)
 
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Final-Recipient: rfc822; /etc/[email protected]
 
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Original-Recipient: rfc822; /etc/crontab
 
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Action: failed
 
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Status: 5.1.1
 
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Diagnostic-Code: X-Postfix; unknown user: "/etc/crontab"
 
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--33AF864EE514.1473187621/mycomputer.local
 
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Content-Description: Undelivered Message
 
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Content-Type: message/rfc822
 
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Return-Path: <[email protected]>
 
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Received: by mycomputer.local (Postfix, from userid 501)
 
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        id 33AF864EE514; Tue,  6 Sep 2016 14:47:00 -0400 (EDT)
 
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From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon)
 
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Subject: Cron <me@mycomputer> echo "Some output from a cronjob"
 
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X-Cron-Env: <MAILTO=/etc/crontab>
 
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X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh>
 
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X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin>
 
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X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=me>
 
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X-Cron-Env: <USER=me>
 
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X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/Users/me>
 
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Message-Id: <[email protected]>
 
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Date: Tue,  6 Sep 2016 14:47:00 -0400 (EDT)
 
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Some output from a cronjob
 
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--33AF864EE514.1473187621/mycomputer.local--
 
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</pre>
 
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The title text shows that Cueball is somewhat aware of what cron does, including the fact that it's existed pretty much unchanged for several decades, but he hasn't bothered to really get into understanding it, treating it more as a foe to vanquish rather than as a tool to understand and use.
 
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==Transcript==
 
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:[Cueball is sitting at a table in an office chair working on his laptop. Ponytail walks up to him.]
 
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:Cueball: I've been getting these "You have new mail" UNIX notifications for like 15 years, but I've never bothered to figure out what it's talking about.
 
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:[Ponytail has stopped behind Cueball who is typing on his laptop. When Ponytail (and later Cueball) mentions code, the text uses both small and capital letters (as opposed to only capital letters in all other text).]
 
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:Ponytail: Look in /var/mail?
 
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:Cueball: OK...
 
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:Cueball: Oh, wow, there's like a gigabyte of stuff from Cron in here.
 
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:[In a frame-less panel Ponytail is facepalming. Cueball is replying from off-panel with a starburst indicating his position.]
 
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:Ponytail: *Sigh*
 
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:Ponytail: You should fix your Cron, then point "MAILTO=" somewhere you actually see-
 
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:Cueball (off-panel): Better idea:
 
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:[Same setting as panel 2 but Cueball is visibly typing on the laptop as shown with three small curved lines over his hands on the keyboard.]
 
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:Cueball: export MAILTO=/etc/crontab
 
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:Cueball: There. Your move, Cron.
 
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:Ponytail: Wow. Hardball.
 
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:Cueball: Let's see how important it thinks that mail really is.
 
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{{comic discussion}}
 
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[[Category:Comics featuring Ponytail]]
 
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[[Category:Comics featuring Cueball]]
 
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[[Category:Computers]]
 

Please note that all contributions to explain xkcd may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see explain xkcd:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!

To protect the wiki against automated edit spam, we kindly ask you to solve the following CAPTCHA:

Cancel | Editing help (opens in new window)

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