1259: Bee Orchid

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Bee Orchid

Title text: In sixty million years aliens will know humans only by a fuzzy clip of a woman in an Axe commercial.

Explanation

Megan is explaining the evolutionary phenomenon of mimicry of female insects which fools male insects into trying to mate with the flower (pseudocopulation). This causes the pollen of the flower to stick to the male bee, who may make the same mistake with another flower, allowing for pollination.

This particular orchid mimicked the solitary bee Eucera, which now only pollinates it in the Mediterranean (the bee isn't really extinct yet). This may eventually lead to the extinction of the orchid due to lack of reproduction. In most areas where it grows, the orchid is using a method of self-pollination, which can be detrimental to the genetic vitality of the species as it is a form of in-breeding.

Photographs of Ophrys apifera:

Female Eucera (Synhaolonia) guarding nests (left) and male Eucera (right):

The title text makes the assumption that, in sixty million years, much like the Eucera has today, humans will become nearly or completely extinct, and the only remaining records for other forms of life to identify them by would be commercials for the Axe line of male grooming products (ads which, like the orchid, present an idealized female form to deceptively attract males).

Transcript

[Megan and Beret Guy are walking through woods.]

Megan: There are these orchids whose flowers look like female bees. When males try to mate with them, they transfer pollen.

Megan, crouching near a flower: This orchid -- Ophrys apifera -- makes flowers, but no bees land on them because the bee it mimics went extinct long ago.

Megan: Without its partner, the orchid as resorted to self-pollinating, a last-ditch genetic strategy that only delays the inevitable. Nothing of the bee remains, but we know it existed from the shape of the flower.

[They continue walking.]

Megan: Its an idea of what the female bee looked like to the male bee...

Megan: ...as interpreted by a plant.

Beret Guy: Wow, so...

[painting of an orchid]

Beret Guy: ... The only memory of the bee is a painting.

Beret Guy [text in corner of painting, like an artist's signature]: By a dying flower.

[Beret Guy runs back to the flower and sits down]: I'll remember your bee, orchid. I'll remember you.

[Beret Guy runs in the direction of Megan, out of frame.]

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Discussion

First! The act of telling someone not to jinx something causes the jinx you're trying to prevent. gijobarts (talk) 07:02, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

I had thought all the worker bees were female, and all the male "drones" stayed in the hives. The Wikipedia says that isn't true for all species. gijobarts (talk) 07:15, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Even among eusocial bees, the drones leave the hive/nest to mate. Among honeybees, they even forage.Nitpicking (talk) 03:51, 24 November 2021 (UTC)

Eusociality in bees is actually quite rare. Only the honey bee and a few other species are social, the rest are solitary: one nest per female and males that fly around without nesting and are often quite active. It's the common case, social species are the exception.

Social: 7 species of honeybee, about 500 species of stingless bees and about 200 species of bumblebee, compared to a good twenty thousand bee species total. 141.101.104.156 10:47, 8 January 2015 (UTC)

Wikipedia on the reproduction of Ophrys apifera:

It is the only species of the genus Ophrys which preferentially practice self-pollination. The flowers are almost exclusively self-pollinating in the northern ranges of the plant's distribution, but pollination by the solitary bee Eucera occurs in the Mediterranean area. In this case the plant attracts these insects by producing a scent that mimics the scent of the female bee. In addition, the lip acts as a decoy as the male bee confuses it with a female. Pollen transfer occurs during the ensuing pseudocopulation.

Bees in the past have promoted the evolution of bee orchids. Male bees, over many generations of cumulative orchid evolution, have built up the bee-like shape through trying to copulate with flowers, and hence carrying pollen.

gijobarts (talk) 07:36, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

A colony of ophrys apifera was discovered a few months ago.(Spanish). Probably not related.

This page (Vietnamese) has an excellent photo of an ophrys apifera, along with other strange-looking plants. You can see how it looks like bees in that photo. gijobarts (talk) 07:50, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Was there once another bee that pollinated it in more areas, or did the eucera once populate more of the world, or has the flower expanded where the bee has not followed? gijobarts (talk) 08:47, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Eucera is common all over Europe. But only the Southern bees recognize the plant. It may be the northern plants started selecting for a different bee that went extinct, or Eucera got ahead of the arms race in Europe or that self-pollination is more effective for now or some other reason entirely. 96.251.85.48 15:41, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

The Axe body spray gag is particularly relevant, since the ad's depiction of a woman, like the flower, is another imitation of real females of a species meant to draw males of the species through deception. Nick Douglas (talk) 17:50, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

You are right, and the title text is still too descriptive. Give us a try.--Dgbrt (talk) 18:29, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

Note that (as doubtless mentioned in the linked-to Wikipedia article, "Axe" is known as "Lynx" in the UK (at least). The same style of marketing campaign, however, with the partially homogonised Anglo-American (or even Worldwide) cultural references fighting it out with local variations in sensibilities and advertising law/regulation. Meaning that besides alternate product-shots and (sometimes) voiceovers, they do tend to have similar/identical action composition in their ads.

Also, self-pollination is being described as "a form of in-breeding". I think making that "the ultimate form of in-breeding", or similar, would be more accurate. In-breeding generally is used to describe more marginal or "just beyond the limit" forms of incests (e.g. close cousins, in human cultures), up until sibling or parent/child genetic re-mixing, but only full parthenogenisis seems to be more 'extreme' (although arguably less dangerous, through its long-time 'practice', rather than being a step back from the more beneficial sexual reproduction methods that the self-fertilising organism generally will have had to make, like in this case). 178.106.190.241 23:29, 2 September 2013 (UTC)

This is the most touching cartoon he's ever done. 72.10.216.205 02:35, 3 September 2013 (UTC) I have to agree with you there. 115.70.105.180 07:41, 3 September 2013 (UTC)

Well, right up there with 695: Spirit, anyway. 130.225.98.201 08:52, 3 September 2013 (UTC)

Too bad it isn't true. The bee is quite common. 96.251.85.48 (talk) (please sign your comments with ~~~~)

This is almost straight from the movie Adaptation (2002) 68.188.12.97 (talk) (please sign your comments with ~~~~)

I noticed that there are a number of sub-species of Ophrys apifera. Is it possible that they are regionally adapted to variations among the Eucera population? Randall has gone to a lot of trouble to depict the flower and to wax poetically upon the bee, and it seems somewhat odd if the whole point of the comic, that the bee is 'extinct', is a fallacy. Is Randall just making use of his poetic license here? Or does the Ophrys apifera that he depicts relate to an actually extinct sub-species of Eucera? I would love to know, but without going to the trouble of finding out for myself. 108.162.219.223 02:22, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

The italian language edition of Wikipedia also mentions that Ophrys apifera relied on a now-extinct bee. Source is given as The Blind Watchmaker, by Richard Dawkins. Maybe Dawkins used the example without knowing that there are still some bees which pollinate this orchid in some parts of the world. And maybe Randall was reading Dawkins. Does anyone have this book?

--Lou Crazy (talk) 13:57, 10 September 2015 (UTC)

I just read this, and... now I feel sad for those bees.